Ushukela omningi uwuphawu olukhulu lwesifo sikashukela futhi inkinga enkulu yabanesifo sikashukela. I-glucose ekhuphukile cishe iyimbangela yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ukusilawula ngempumelelo isifo sakho, kungakuhle ukuthi uqonde kahle ukuthi i-glucose ingena kanjani egazini nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.
Funda le ndatshana ngokucophelela - futhi uzothola ukuthi ukulawulwa kweshukela egazini kuyinto evamile nokuthi yini eshintsha nge-carbohydrate metabolism, isb. Nesifo sikashukela.
Imithombo yokudla yeglucose ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni. Amafutha esiwadingayo awanamthelela nakanjani ushukela wegazi. Kungani abantu bathanda ukunambitheka koshukela nokudla okumnandi? Ngoba ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters (ikakhulukazi ama-serotonin) ebuchosheni, obunciphisa ukukhathazeka, kubangele umuzwa wokuphila kahle, noma ngisho ne-euphoria. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abantu baba imilutha yama-carbohydrate, njengoba benamandla kakhulu njengomlutha kagwayi, utshwala, noma izidakamizwa. Abantu abathembele kuma-carbohydrate bathola amazinga we-serotonin noma anciphise ukuzwela kwe-receptor kuwo.
Ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo yamaprotheni akubathokozi abantu njengoba nje nokunambitheka kwamaswidi. Ngoba amaprotheni adliwayo akhuphula ushukela wegazi, kepha lo mphumela uhamba kancane futhi ubuthakathaka. Ukudla okuvinjelwe i-carbohydrate, lapho amaprotheni namafutha emvelo kuqala, kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ushukela wegazi futhi ulondoloze uvamile ngokujwayelekile, njengasebantwini abaphilile abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Ukudla kwendabuko “okulinganiselayo” kweshukela akunakuziqhenya ngalokhu, njengoba ubona kalula ngokulinganisa ushukela wakho wegazi nge-glucometer. Futhi, ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate yesifo sikashukela, sidla amafutha emvelo anempilo, futhi lokhu kusebenza ukuze kusizakale uhlelo lwethu lwenhliziyo, kwehlise umfutho wegazi kanye nokuvimbela ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Funda kabanzi ngamaProtein, Amafutha, kanye nama-Carbohydrate ku-Diet for Diabetes.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin?
I-insulin iyindlela yokuhambisa ushukela - uphethiloli - esuka egazini ukungena ezingqamuzaneni. I-insulin isebenzisa isenzo “sabahambisa ushukela” emangqamuzaneni. Lawa ngamaprotheni akhethekile ahamba esuka ngaphakathi aye kolwelwesi lwangaphandle olungena ngaphakathi kwamaseli, abambe ama-molecule we-glucose, bese ewadlulisela “kwizikhungo zamandla” zangaphakathi ukuze zishiswe.
IGlucose ingena kumaseli wesibindi nemisipha ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin, njengakuwo wonke amanye izicubu zomzimba, ngaphandle kwengqondo. Kepha lapho ayishiswa masinyane, kepha ifakwa endaweni ebanjiwe glycogen. Lokhu yinto efana nesitashi. Uma kungenayo i-insulin, khona-ke abathutha beshukela basebenza kabi, futhi amaseli awayithathi ngokwanele ukugcina imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke izicubu ngaphandle kwengqondo, okudla ushukela ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-insulin.
Okunye isenzo se-insulin emzimbeni ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lawo, amangqamuzana anamafutha athatha ushukela egazini bese ewaphenduka abe ngamafutha agcwele, anqwabelana. I-insulin yi-hormone eyinhloko ekhuthaza ukukhuluphala futhi ivimbele ukwehla kwesisindo. Ukuguqulwa kweglucose ibe ngamafutha kungenye yezindlela lapho izinga likashukela wegazi ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin lincipha.
Yini i- gluconeogenesis
Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lehla ngaphansi kokujwayelekile futhi izinqolobane ze-carbohydrate (glycogen) sezivele ziphelile, khona-ke kumaseli wesibindi, izinso namathumbu, inqubo yokuguqula amaprotheni abe yi-glucose iqala. Le nqubo ibizwa nge- "gluconeogeneis", ihamba kancane futhi ayisebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukuguqula i-glucose ibe ngamaprotheni. Futhi, asazi ukuthi angaguqula kanjani amafutha abe ushukela.
Ebantwini abaphilile, ngisho nasezigulini eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amanyikwe asesimweni “sokuzila” njalo akhiqiza izingxenye ezincane ze-insulin. Ngakho-ke, okungenani i-insulin encane ihlala ikhona emzimbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “isisekelo,” okungukuthi, “isisekelo” sokuhlushwa kwe-insulin egazini. Kusayina isibindi, izinso namathumbu ukuthi akudingekile ukuthi amaprotheni aguqulwe abe ushukela ukuze andise ushukela wegazi. Isisekelo se-insulin egazini "inhibits" gluconeogeneis, okungukuthi, siyakuvimbela.
Izindinganiso zikashukela wegazi - ezisemthethweni nezangempela
Ebantwini abaphilile ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kugcinwa kahle ebangeni elincanyana kakhulu - kusuka ku-3.9 kuya ku-5.3 mmol / L. Uma uthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngasiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokudla, kumuntu onempilo, ushukela wegazi lakhe uyoba cishe ngu-4,7 mmol / L. Sidinga ukulwela lesi sibalo kushukela, i.e., ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla ungekho ngaphezu kuka-5.3 mmol / L.
Izinga likashukela wegazi ngokwesiko liphezulu. Baholela ekukhuleni kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10-20. Noma kubantu abanempilo, ngemuva kokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate okufaka ngokushesha, ushukela wegazi ungagxuma ufike ku-8-9 mmol / l. Kepha uma singekho isifo sikashukela, khona-ke ngemuva kokudla kuzokwehla kube okujwayelekile phakathi kwamaminithi ambalwa, futhi ngeke udinge ukukwenzela noma yini. Esikhathini sikashukela, "ukwenza ihlaya" ngomzimba, ukumondla ama-carbohydrate acolisisiwe, akunconywa ngokuphelele.
Ezincwadini zesayensi zezokwelapha nezaziwayo ngesifo sikashukela, u-3.3-6.6 mmol / L ngisho kuze kube ngu-7.8 mmol / L kubhekwa njengezinkomba “ezijwayelekile” zoshukela lwegazi. Ebantwini abaphilile ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, ushukela wegazi awusoze weqe ku-7.8 mmol / L, ngaphandle uma udla ama-carbohydrate amaningi, bese kuthi ezimweni ezinjalo wehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Izindinganiso ezisemthethweni zokwelashwa ushukela wegazi ziyasetshenziswa ukuze udokotela “ngokwesilinganiso” angasebenzisi umzamo omningi ekuhlolweni nasekwelapheni isifo sikashukela.
Uma ushukela wegazi lesiguli ngemuva kokudla weqa ufike ku-7.8 mmol / l, khona-ke lokhu akubhekeki njengesifo sikashukela ngokusemthethweni. Isiguli esinjalo kungenzeka sithunyelwe ekhaya ngaphandle kokuthola ukwelashwa, nengxenye yokuvalelisa, sizame ukwehlisa isisindo ekudleni okunekhalori ephansi futhi sidle ukudla okunempilo, okungukuthi, yidla izithelo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ziba khona nakubantu ushukela ngemuva kokudla ungeqi ku-6.6 mmol / L. Vele, lokhu akwenzeki ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10-20, kungenzeka ngempela ukuthola ukwehluleka kwe-renal noma izinkinga zokubuka. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, bheka futhi "Izindlela zoshukela wegazi".
Ushukela wegazi ulawulwa kanjani kumuntu onempilo
Ake sibheke ukuthi i-insulin ilawula kanjani ushukela wegazi kumuntu onempilo ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela. Ake sithi lo muntu unesidlo sasekuseni esiqondisiwe, futhi ngesidlo sasekuseni ugcobe amazambane ngesinqe - ingxube yama-carbohydrate anamaprotheni. Ubusuku bonke, ukugcwala okuyisisekelo kwe-insulin egazini lakhe kuvinjelwe i-gluconeogeneis (ifundwe ngenhla, ukuthi kusho ukuthini) futhi kugcinwe ushukela ozinzile ushukela egazini.
Lapho nje ukudla okuqukethe i-carbohydrate ephezulu kungena emlonyeni, ama-enzymes wamathe ngokushesha aqala ukubhidliza ama-carbohydrate “ayinkimbinkimbi” abe ngama-molecule we-glucose alula, bese le glucose imunwa ngokushesha ulwelwesi lwe-mucous. Ukusuka kuma-carbohydrate, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngokushesha, yize umuntu engakakwazi ukugwinya lutho! Lesi isibonakaliso kuma-pancreas ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuphonsa ngokuphuthumayo inamba enkulu yama-granules we-insulin egazini. Le ngxenye enamandla ye-insulin yathuthukiswa kwangaphambili futhi yagcinwa ukuze uyisebenzise lapho udinga “ukumboza” ukugxuma kushukela ngemuva kokudla, ngaphezu kokugcotshwa kwe-insulin egazini.
Ukukhishwa okubukhali kwe-insulin egazini kuya ngokuthi "isigaba sokuqala sokuphendula kwe-insulin." Ihlehlisa ngokushesha kube okwejwayelekile kokuqhuma kokuqala ushukela wegazi, okubangelwa ama-carbohydrate adliwayo, futhi kungavimbela ukwanda kwawo okwengeziwe. Isitoko se-insulin egcinwe kumanyikwe siyancishiswa. Uma kunesidingo, kukhiqiza i-insulin eyengeziwe, kepha kuthatha isikhathi. I-insulin, engena kancane egazini esinyatsweni esilandelayo, ibizwa ngokuthi "isigaba sesibili sokuphendula kwe-insulin." Le insulin isiza ukwamukela ushukela, owenzeka kamuva, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, lapho kugaywa ukudla kwamaprotheni.
Lapho ukudla kudliwa, ushukela uyaqhubeka nokungena egazini, futhi ipancreas ikhiqiza i-insulin eyengeziwe ukuze “ikwenze kube buthakathaka” kwalo. Ingxenye ye-glucose iguqulwa ibe yi-glycogen, into enesitashi egcinwe kumaseli emisipha nesibindi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, zonke "iziqukathi" zokugcina i-glycogen zigcwele. Uma kusekhona ushukela omningi emgudwini wegazi, khona-ke ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin liphenduka amafutha, agcinwe emangqamuzaneni e-adipose izicubu.
Kamuva, amazinga kashukela weqhawe lethu angaqala ukuhla. Kulokhu, amaseli we-pancreatic alpha azoqala ukukhiqiza enye i-hormone - glucagon. Ungumphikisi we-insulin futhi usayina amaseli emisipha nesibindi okudingeka ukuthi i-glycogen iguqulwe ibuyele kushukela. Kusetshenziswa le glucose, ushukela wegazi ungagcinwa uvamile ngendlela evamile. Ngesikhathi sokudla okulandelayo, izitolo ze-glycogen zizophinde zenziwe kabusha.
Indlela echaziwe yokuthathwa kwe-glucose usebenzisa i-insulin isebenza kakhulu kubantu abanempilo, isiza ukugcina ushukela wegazi uzinzile ebangeni elijwayelekile - ukusuka ku-3.9 kuya ku-5.3 mmol / L. Amaseli athola ushukela owanele ukufeza imisebenzi yawo, futhi konke kusebenza ngendlela okuhlosiwe. Ake sibheke ukuthi kungani futhi lolu hlelo luphulwa kanjani kuhlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela.
Kwenzekani ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Ake sicabange ukuthi endaweni yeqhawe lethu umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ake sithi, ebusuku ngaphambi kokulala, uthole umjovo we-insulin “enwetshiwe” futhi ngenxa yalokhu wavuka noshukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Kepha uma ungathathi zinyathelo, khona-ke emva kwesikhashana ushukela wegazi lakhe uzoqala ukukhuphuka, noma engadli lutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isibindi ngaso sonke isikhathi kancane kancane sithatha i-insulin egazini futhi siyiphule. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngasizathu simbe, emahoreni asekuseni, isibindi “sisebenzisa” i-insulin ikakhulukazi ngokuqinile.
I-insulin eyengeziwe, eyayigonywe kusihlwa, ikhishwa kahle futhi iqinile. Kepha izinga lokukhishwa kwalo alanele ukumboza “isifiso” sokudla sesibindi esandayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka ekuseni, noma umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 engadli lutho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "yinto yokusa yokusa." Ama-pancreas omuntu ophile kahle akhiqiza kalula i-insulin ukuze lesi simo singathinti ushukela wegazi. Kepha ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze 'kuhlukaniswe' nakho. Funda lapha ukuthi ukwenze kanjani.
Amathe omuntu aqukethe ama-enzyme anamandla adiliza ngokushesha ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze abe noshukela, bese efaka egazini ngokushesha. Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, ukusebenza kwalezi zi-enzyme kuyafana nakumuntu onempilo. Ngakho-ke, ama-carbohydrate adliwayo abangela ukugxuma okubukhali kushukela wegazi. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, amaseli we-pancreatic beta ahlanganisa inani elincane le-insulin noma angalivezi nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, akukho-insulin yokuhlela isigaba sokuqala sokuphendula kwe-insulin.
Uma bekungekho umjovo we-insulin “emfishane” ngaphambi kokudla, ushukela wegazi uzokhuphuka kakhulu. I-glucose ngeke iguqulwe ku-glycogen noma amafutha. Ekugcineni, okungcono kakhulu, ushukela owedlulele uzohlungwa izinso bese ukhishwa umchamo. Kuze kwenzeke lokhu, ushukela wegazi ophakeme uzokwenza omkhulu umonakalo kuzo zonke izitho nemithambo yegazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, amangqamuzana ayaqhubeka 'ukulamba' ngaphandle kokuthola umsoco. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin, isiguli esinohlobo lwesifo sikashukela siyafa kungakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nge-insulin
Ikuphi ekudleni ushukela kashukela omncane? Kungani uzikhawulela ekukhetheni komkhiqizo? Yini ungamane nje ufake i-insulin ngokwanele ukuze ubambe wonke ama-carbohydrate adliwayo? Ngoba imijovo ye-insulin “ayifihli kahle” ukwanda koshukela egazini okubangelwa ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate.
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezivame ukwenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nokuthi singasilawula kanjani lesi sifo ukuze sigweme ubunzima. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile! Namuhla, kuzoba "ukutholakala kweMelika" kwabahlengikazi basekhaya futhi, ikakhulukazi kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Ngaphandle kwesizotha samanga, unenhlanhla enkulu ukuthi ufike kusayithi lethu.
I-insulin ifakwe isirinji, noma ngitsho nepompo le-insulin, ayisebenzi njenge-insulin, evame ukuhlanganisa ama-pancreas. I-insulin yomuntu esigabeni sokuqala sokuphendula kwe-insulin ingena ngokushesha egazini futhi ngokushesha iqala ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela. Esikhathini sikashukela, imijovo ye-insulin imvamisa yenziwa emafutheni angaphansi kwenhliziyo. Ezinye iziguli ezithanda ubungozi kanye nenjabulo, zakha imijovo ye-insulin (ungakwenzi lokhu!). Kunoma yikuphi, akekho umuntu olimaza i-insulin ngaphakathi.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho ne-insulin eshesha kakhulu iqala ukusebenza kuphela emva kwemizuzu engama-20. Futhi ukusebenza kwawo okugcwele kuboniswa kungakapheli amahora angama-1-2. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, amazinga kashukela wegazi ahlala ephakeme kakhulu. Ungakuqinisekisa kalula lokhu ngokulinganisa ushukela wakho wegazi nge-glucometer njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokudla. Lesi simo silimaza izinzwa, imithambo yegazi, amehlo, izinso, njll. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zikhula ngokushintshana okugcwele, naphezu kwezinhloso ezinhle zikadokotela neziguli.
Kungani ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kohlobo 1 sikashukela nge-insulin kungasebenzi, kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kusixhumanisi esithi "I-Insulin nama-carbohydrate: iqiniso okufanele ulazi." Uma unamathela ekudleni okujwayelekile "okunokulinganisa" kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, khona-ke ukuphela okungadabuki - ukufa noma ukukhubazeka - akunakugwenywa, futhi kuza ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho ebesingathanda. Sigcizelela futhi ukuthi noma ushintshela kwimpompo ye-insulin, ngeke kusize. Ngoba naye ulimaza i-insulin kwezicubu ezingaphansi.
Yini okufanele uyenze? Impendulo ukushintshela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate ukulawula ushukela. Kulokhu kudla, umzimba uguqula amaprotheni okudla abe ushukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ushukela wegazi usakhuphuka. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kancane, futhi umjovo we-insulin ukuvumela ukuthi "umboze" ngokwanda ngokunembile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungatholakala ukuthi ngemuva kokudla nesiguli sikashukela, ushukela wegazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uzodlula i-5.3 mmol / l, i.e., kuzoba njengokufana ngokuphelele nakubantu abaphilile.
I-Carbohydrate Diet ephansi yohlobo 1 sikashukela
Ama-carbohydrate ambalwa adla ushukela, i-insulin encane ayidingayo. Ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi, imithamo ye-insulin ngokushesha iwa kaningana. Futhi lokhu kungeqiniso lokuthi uma sibala umthamo we-insulin ngaphambi kokudla, sibheka ukuthi kuzodingeka malini ukumboza amaprotheni adliwayo. Yize ekwelashweni kwendabuko kwesifo sikashukela, amaprotheni awathathwa nakancane.
Uma uthola i-insulin engaphansi kokujova isifo sikashukela, kwehlisa amathuba ezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- I-hypoglycemia - ushukela wegazi ophansi ngokuhlolisisa;
- ukugcinwa koketshezi nokuvuvukala;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana ne-insulin.
Cabanga nje ukuthi iqhawe lethu, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, sishintshela ekudleni ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kusuka ohlwini lokuvunyelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ushukela wegazi lakhe ngeke weqe “phezulu ezulwini” nhlobo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili lapho edla ukudla “okunokulinganisela” okugcwele ama-carbohydrate. I-Gluconeogenesis ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni abe ushukela. Le nqubo inyusa ushukela wegazi, kodwa kancane futhi kancane, futhi kulula “ukumboza” ngomjovo wedosi elincane le-insulin ngaphambi kokudla.
Ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi kakhudlwana kashukela, ukujova kwe-insulin ngaphambi kokudla kungabhekwa njengokulingiswa okuphumelelayo kwesigaba sesibili sokuphendula kwe-insulin, futhi lokhu kwanele ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Siyakhumbula futhi ukuthi amafutha wokudla awathinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela wegazi. Amafutha emvelo awalimazi, kepha ayazuzisa ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo. Bakhulisa i-cholesterol yegazi, kepha i- cholesterol “enhle” kuphela, evikela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esithi “Amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate ekudleni kashukela.
Kusebenza kanjani umzimba womuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Iqhawe lethu elilandelayo, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, sinesisindo esingu-112 kg ngesilinganiso sama-78 kg. Amanoni amaningi okweqile asesiswini sakhe nasesinqeni sakhe. Amanyikwe wakhe usakhiqiza i-insulin. Kodwa njengoba ukukhuluphala kwabangela ukumelana okuqinile kwe-insulin (ukuncipha kokuzwela izicubu ku-insulin), le insulin ayanele ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile.
Uma isiguli siphumelela ukwehlisa isisindo, khona-ke ukumelana ne-insulin kuzodlula futhi ushukela wegazi ube ngokwejwayelekile kangangokuba kungasuswa ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iqhawe lethu lingayishintshi ngokushesha indlela yalo yokuphila, khona-ke amaseli we-beta we-pancreas "ayoqothuka" ngokuphelele futhi uzokwakha isifo sikashukela sokuqala esingu-1 esingenakuphikwa. Kuliqiniso, bambalwa abantu abaphila lokhu - imvamisa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngaphambili zibulala ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwezinso, noma i-gangren emilenzeni.
Ukumelana ne-insulin kubangelwa ngokwengxenye ngezimbangela zofuzo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendlela engalungile. Umsebenzi we-Sedentary kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate kuholela ekuqongeleleni kwezicubu ze-adipose. Futhi amanoni amaningi emzimbeni ahambisana nobunzima bemisipha, kuphakama ukumelana ne-insulin. Ama-pancreas asebenze iminyaka eminingi ngengcindezi eyandayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, iyaphela amandla, futhi i-insulin ayikhiqizayo ayisenele ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ikakhulu, ama-pancreas esiguli onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 akagcini ezitolo ze-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, isigaba sokuqala sokuphendula se-insulin sinenkinga.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezikhuluphele ngokweqile zikhiqiza okungenani i-insulin, okuphambene nalokho - izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kwezingu-2 kunontanga bazo ezinciphile. Kulesi simo, ama-endocrinologists ajwayele ukunquma amaphilisi - avela ku-sulfonylurea - avusa ama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Lokhu kuholela “ekushisweni” kwamanyikwe, yingakho isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siphenduka uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin.
Ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla nohlobo 2 sikashukela
Ake sibheke ukuthi ibhulakufesi ebunjiwe nge-cutlet, isb. Ingxube yama-carbohydrate namaprotheni, izothinta kanjani amazinga kashukela kwiqhawe lethu. Imvamisa, ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amazinga kashukela egazini ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho kuvamile. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi uzoshintsha kanjani ngemuva kokudla? Sizokhumbula ukuthi iqhawe lethu ligcwele isasasa elihle. Udla ukudla izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kuya kwezi-2 zabantu abangamamitha okuphakama okufanayo.
Ngabe kugaywa kanjani ama-carbohydrate, amunca ngisho nasemlonyeni futhi ngokushesha andise ushukela wegazi - esesivele sixoxe ngawo ngaphambili. Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ama-carbohydrate nawo afakwe emlonyeni ngendlela efanayo futhi abangele ukugxuma okubukhali kushukela wegazi. Ukuphendula, amanyikwe kukhipha i-insulin egazini, izama ukucisha lo gxuma ngokushesha. Kepha njengoba kungekho-stock esele, kukhishwa inani elingaqakathekile kakhulu le-insulin. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuqala sokuphazamiseka sokuphendula kwe-insulin.
Ama-pancreas eqhawe lethu azama konke okusemandleni ukuthuthukisa insulin eyanele noshukela wegazi ophansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzophumelela uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singakashisi kakhulu futhi isigaba sesibili sokugcinwa kwe-insulin singathintwanga. Kepha amahora amaningi, ushukela wegazi uzohlala ephakeme, futhi izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ziqala ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin, isiguli sohlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela esijwayelekile sidinga i-insulin ephindwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ukumunca inani elilinganayo lama-carbohydrate kunontanga yakhe ethambile. Le nto inemiphumela emibili. Okokuqala, i-insulin yi-hormone eyinhloko ekhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwamafutha kwizicubu ze-adipose. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin ethe xaxa, isiguli siba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukumelana ne-insulin yaso kuyathuthuka. Lo ngumjikelezo omubi. Okwesibili, ama-pancreas asebenza ngomthwalo owandayo, ngenxa yokuthi amaseli abo we-beta abanda futhi "ayaphela". Ngakho-ke, thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2 esihunyushelwa ku-Type 1 sikashukela.
Ukumelana ne-insulin kwenza amangqamuzana ukuthi angasebenzisi i-glucose, etholwa yisifo sikashukela ngokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, uyaqhubeka ezizwa elambile, ngisho noma esevele edla inani elithile lokudla. Imvamisa, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sidla kakhulu, size sizwe isisu sigcwele, futhi lokhu kuqinisa izinkinga zakhe. Ungayelapha kanjani ukumelana ne-insulin, funda lapha. Le yindlela yangempela yokuthuthukisa impilo yakho ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nobunzima besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Odokotela abangafundile bavame ukunikeza isivivinyo sikashukela segazi esisheshayo ukuze baqinisekise noma baphikise ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Khumbula ukuthi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amazinga kashukela egazi asheshayo ahlala evamile isikhathi eside, noma ngabe isifo siqhubeka futhi nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ziqala ukushuba okugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo ngokwezigaba akumele! Thatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-glycated hemoglobin noma isivivinyo sokukhuthazelela i-glucose somlomo esisebenza amahora angama-2, okungcono elebhu yangasese ezimele.
Isibonelo, kumuntu, ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla ugxumela ku-7.8 mmol / L. Odokotela abaningi abakulesi simo ababhaleli ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukuze singabhalisi isiguli futhi singazibandakanyi ekwelashweni. Bashukumisela isinqumo sabo ngokuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela usakhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, futhi ngokushesha ushukela wakhe wegazi ngemuva kokudla wehla uye kwesejwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, udinga ukushintshela ngokushesha kwindlela yokuphila enempilo, noma ngabe une-6,6 mmol / L kashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, nokunye okuningi uma kuphezulu. Sizama ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo olusebenzayo nolubaluleke kakhulu lokwelashwa ngohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela 2, esingenziwa ngabantu abanomthwalo obalulekile.
Inkinga enkulu yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ukuthi umzimba uphuka kancane amashumi eminyaka, futhi lokhu akubangeli izimpawu ezibucayi kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu. Isiguli sesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinzuzo eziningi phezu kwalabo abahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ushukela wakhe wegazi ngeke neze ukhuphuke njengesiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 uma ephulukana nomjovo we-insulin. Uma isigaba sesibili sokuphendula kwe-insulin singathinteki kakhulu, khona-ke ushukela wegazi, ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya okusebenzayo kwesiguli, ungawa ube ojwayelekile emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngeke zilindele "freebie" enjalo.
Ungaselapha kanjani ngempumelelo isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela, izindlela zokwelapha ezinamandla zizoholela ekunciphiseni komthwalo kumanyikwe, futhi inqubo “yokuphelelwa” kwamaseli wayo we-beta izokwehla.
Ongakwenza:
- Funda ukuthi kuyini ukumelana ne-insulin. Sichaza nokuthi singayiphatha kanjani.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unemitha ye-glucose enembile (ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu), futhi ulinganise ushukela wakho wegazi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
- Naka ngokukhethekile izilinganiso zikashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, kodwa futhi nesisu esingenalutho.
- Shintshela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate.
- Ukuzivocavoca ngentokozo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kubalulekile.
- Uma ukudla nokuzivocavoca kunganele futhi ushukela usaphakanyisiwe, thatha amaphilisi weSiofor noma weGlucofage futhi.
- Uma konke kuhlangene - ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye noSiofor - akusizi ngokwanele ke engeza imijovo ye-insulin. Funda isihloko esithi "Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela nge-insulin." Okokuqala, i-insulin ehlala isikhathi eside inqunywa ebusuku kanye / noma ekuseni, futhi, uma kunesidingo, nayo i-insulin emfushane ngaphambi kokudla.
- Uma udinga imijovo ye-insulin, bese ubhala irejimeni yokwelapha nge-insulin nodokotela wakho we-endocrinologist. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungayeki ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi, noma ngabe uthini udokotela.
- Ezimweni eziningi, i-insulin kufanele ifakwe kuphela kulezi ziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezivilapha ukuzivocavoca.
Njengomphumela wokunciphisa umzimba nokuzivocavoca ngentokozo, ukumelana ne-insulin kuzokwehla. Uma ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ngesikhathi, lapho-ke kuzokwazi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ube ojwayelekile ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin. Uma noma imijovo ye-insulin ifuneka, imithamo ingaba yincane. Umphumela wakho uyimpilo enempilo, ejabulisayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, emdala kakhulu, emoneni wontanga "abaphilile".
