I-Metabolic syndrome: ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Ukudla kwesifo se-metabolic

I-Metabolic syndrome iyinkimbinkimbi yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, okubonisa ukuthi umuntu unengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo nohlobo 2 sikashukela. Isizathu salokhu kungukungathathi hlangothi kwezicubu ezenzweni ze-insulin. Ukwelashwa kwe-metabolic syndrome kuwukudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Futhi kunesinye isidakamizwa esiwusizo ozofunda ngaso ngezansi.

I-insulin “isihluthulelo” esivula “iminyango” kulwelu lweseli, futhi ngayo, ushukela ungena usuka egazini ngaphakathi. Njengoba kunesifo se-metabolic egazini lesiguli, izinga likashukela (ushukela) ne-insulin egazini likhuphuka. Kodwa-ke, ushukela awungene ngokwanele emangqamuzaneni ngoba “ukhiye uyagqwala” futhi i-insulin ilahlekelwa yikhono lokuyivula.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana, i.e., ukumelana ngokweqile kwezicubu zomzimba esenzweni se-insulin. Ngokuvamile kukhula kancane kancane futhi kuholele ezimpawu ezihlonza i-metabolic syndrome. Yebo, uma ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngesikhathi, ukuze ukwelashwa kube nesikhathi sokuvimbela isifo sikashukela nesenhliziyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-metabolic syndrome

Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha zomhlaba wonke zakha izindlela zokuthola i-metabolic syndrome ezigulini. Ngo-2009, kwenziwa incwadi ethi "Harmonization of the definition of metabolic syndrome", basayina ngaphansi kwayo:

• Inhliziyo Yesizwe Sezwe lase-US, iLung, kanye neSikhungo segazi;
• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba wonke;
• I-International Society of Atherosclerosis;
• Inhlangano Yezizwe Yokutadisha Ukukhuluphala.

Ngokwalo mbhalo, i-metabolic syndrome iyatholakala uma isiguli sinenqubo okungenani emithathu ebhalwe ngezansi:

• Ukunyuka kokujikeleza okhalweni (kwabesilisa> = 94 cm, kwabesifazane> = 80 cm);
• Izinga le-triglycerides esegazini lidlula i-1.7 mmol / l, noma isiguli sesivele sithola umuthi wokwelapha i-dyslipidemia;
• Ama-high density lipoproteins (HDL, "good" cholesterol) egazini - angaphansi kwe-1.0 mmol / l emadodeni futhi angaphansi kwe-1,3 mmol / l kwabesifazane;
• Umfutho wegazi weSystolic (ophezulu) weqa i-130 mm Hg. Ubuciko. noma i-diastolic (ephansi) umfutho wegazi wedlula ama-85 mmHg. Ubuciko., Noma isiguli sesivele sithatha umuthi we-hypertension;
• Ukusheshisa ushukela wegazi> = 5.6 mmol / L, noma ukwelashwa kwenziwa ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwezinqubo ezintsha zokuxilongwa kwe-metabolic syndrome, ukukhuluphala kwakuyimfuneko yokuqala yokuxilongwa. Manje sekuyinqubo eyodwa kuphela kweziyisihlanu. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus nesifo senhliziyo asiyona ingxenye ye-metabolic syndrome, kepha izifo ezingathi sína esizimele.

Ukwelashwa: isibopho sodokotela nesiguli uqobo

Izinhloso zokwelapha i-metabolic syndrome yilezi:

• ukwehla kwesisindo ngokwezinga elijwayelekile, noma okungenani kumise ukuqhubeka kwe-obesity;
• ukulungiswa kwengcindezi yegazi, iphrofayli ye-cholesterol, ama-triglycerides egazini, i.e., ukulungiswa kwezici zobungozi bezinhliziyo.

Akunakwenzeka namuhla ukuphulukisa ngempela i-metabolic syndrome. Kepha ungayilawula kahle ukuze uphile impilo ende ende ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi, njll. Uma umuntu enale nkinga, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwakhe kufanele kwenziwe impilo yonke. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa yimfundo yesineke nesisusa sokushintsha indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-metabolic syndrome ekudleni. Umkhuba ukhombisile ukuthi akusizi ngalutho ukuzama ukunamathela kokunye ukudla “okulambile”. Ngokuqinisekile uzokwehla ngokushesha, futhi isisindo esengeziwe sizobuyela ngokushesha. Sincoma ukuthi usebenzise ukudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate ukulawula i-metabolic syndrome yakho.

Izinyathelo ezingeziwe zokwelashwa kwe-metabolic syndrome:

• ukukhulisa ukusebenza komzimba - lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin;
• ukuyeka ukubhema nokuphuza ngokweqile;
• ukukala okujwayelekile kwengcindezi yegazi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hypertension, uma kwenzeka;
• izinkomba zokuqapha i-cholesterol “enhle” ne “embi”, i-triglycerides ne-glucose yegazi.

Sikweluleka nokuthi ubuze ngomuthi obizwa nge-metformin (siofor, glucophage). Kusetshenziswe kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s ukwandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin. Lesi sidakamizwa sisiza iziguli ezinenkinga yokukhuluphala kanye noshukela. Kuze kube manje, akaze aveze imiphumela emibi kakhulu kunamacala e-episodic tegundane.

Abantu abaningi abatholwe ukuthi bane-metabolic syndrome basizwa kakhulu ngokukhawulela ama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwabo. Lapho umuntu eshintshela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate, umuntu angalindela ukuthi:

• izinga le-triglycerides ne-cholesterol egazini lijwayelekile;
• umfutho wegazi uzokwehla;
• uzokwehla isisindo.

Kodwa uma ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi kanye nokuzivocavoca okwandayo kungasebenzi ngokwanele, khona-ke ngokuhlangana nodokotela wakho ungangeza i-metformin (siofor, glucophage) kubo. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho isiguli sinenkomba yomzimba omkhulu> ama-40 kg / m2, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa okukhuluphala. Ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bariatric.

Ungayenza kanjani ngokwejwayelekile i-cholesterol yegazi kanye ne-triglycerides

Nge-metabolic syndrome, iziguli zivame ukuba nezibalo ezimbi zegazi ze-cholesterol ne-triglycerides. Kukhona i-cholesterol encane "enhle" egazini, futhi "okubi", okuphambene nalokho, iyaphakanyiswa. Izinga le-triglycerides nalo lenyuka. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhumbi iyathinteka yi-atherossteosis, ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma unhlangothi kumanje nje ekhoneni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol ne-triglycerides kubizwa ngokuthi "yi-lipid spectrum." Odokotela bathanda ukukhuluma nokubhala, bathi, ngikuqondisa ukuthi uthathe izivivinyo ze-lipid spectrum. Noma okubi kakhulu, ukubonwa kwe-lipid akulungile. Manje uzokwazi ukuthi kuyini.

Ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol ne-triglycerides, odokotela bavame ukunquma ukudla okune-khalori ephansi kanye / noma nemithi ye-statin. Ngasikhathi sinye, babukeka kahle, bazame ukubukeka bekhanga futhi beqiniseka. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okulambile akusizi nakancane, futhi amaphilisi ayasiza, kepha abangela imiphumela emibi ebalulekile. Yebo, ama-statins athuthukisa ukubalwa kwegazi cholesterol. Kodwa noma ngabe banciphisa ukufa akuyona iqiniso ... kunemibono ehlukene ... Noma kunjalo, inkinga ye-cholesterol ne-triglycerides ingaxazululwa ngaphandle kwamaphilisi ayingozi futhi abizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungaba lula ukwedlula indlela ocabanga ngayo.

Ukudla okunama-kilojoule aphansi ngokuvamile akwenzi i-cholesterol yegazi ne-triglycerides ifane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye iziguli, imiphumela yokuhlolwa iba mibi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudla okunamafutha amancane "alambile" kugcwele ama-carbohydrate. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin, ama-carbohydrate owadlayo aphenduka ama-triglycerides. Kepha la ma-triglycerides kuphela engingathanda ukuba nawo amancane egazini. Umzimba wakho awubekezeleli i-carbohydrate, yingakho i-metabolic syndrome yathuthuka. Uma ungathathi zinyathelo, izoshintsha kahle ibe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 noma ivele ngokungazelelwe inhlekelele yenhliziyo.

Ngeke bahambe bazungeze isihlahla isikhathi eside Inkinga ye-triglycerides ne-cholesterol ixazululwa ngokuphelele ngokudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate. Izinga lama-triglycerides egazini lijwayelekile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4 zokuthobela! Thatha izivivinyo - uzibonele. I-cholesterol ithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemuva kwamasonto angama-4-6. Thatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol ne-triglycerides ngaphambi kokuqala impilo entsha, bese uphinde futhi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate kuyasiza ngempela! Ngasikhathi sinye, ijwayela umfutho wegazi. Lokhu ukuvimbela kwangempela kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, ngaphandle kwemizwa ebuhlungu yendlala. Izithasiselo zokucindezela nenhliziyo zigcwalisa kahle ukudla. Babiza imali, kepha izindleko ziyakhokha, ngoba uzozizwa ujabule ngokwengeziwe.

Ukudla kwesifo se-metabolic

Ukudla kwendabuko kwe-metabolic syndrome, okuvame ukutuswa odokotela, kubandakanya ukufaka umkhawulo umthamo wekhalori. Iningi leziguli alifuni ukunamathela kulo, noma ngabe babhekana nani. Iziguli ziyakwazi ukubekezelela “iminjunju yendlala” kuphela esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokuqashwa odokotela njalo.

Empilweni yansuku zonke, ukudla okune-kilojoule ephansi ene-metabolic syndrome kufanele kubhekwe kungasebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, sincoma ukuthi uzame ukudla okuvinjelwe i-carbohydrate ngokwendlela kaR. Atkins nodokotela wesifo sikashukela uRichard Bernstein. Lokhu kudla, esikhundleni sama-carbohydrate, ukugcizelela ekudleni okuqukethe amaprotheni, amafutha amaningi anempilo kanye nefayibha.

Ukudla okune-carbohydrate enenhliziyo futhi kumnandi. Ngakho-ke, iziguli zibambelela kukho kalula kunokudla “okulambile”. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuphatha i-metabolic syndrome, noma ngabe ukungena kwe-calorie akunqunyelwe.

Kuwebhusayithi yethu uzothola imininingwane ephelele yokuthi ungaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela kanye ne-metabolic syndrome ngokudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate. Empeleni, inhloso esemqoka yokwakha le sayithi ukukhuthaza izakhamzimba ezinoshukela omncane kushukela esikhundleni sokudla okujwayelekile “okulambile” noma ekudleni okulinganiselwe.