Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: izimpawu zokuthuthuka, ukwelashwa nokuthi uphile kangakanani nakho

Isisindo esithe xaxa engxenyeni yesibili yokuphila, ukuntuleka kokunyakaza, ukudla okunenqwaba yama-carbohydrate kunomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni kunenkolelo evamile. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 yisifo esingalapheki, esingamahlalakhona. Ikhula kaningi ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yesimanje - inqwaba yemikhiqizo, ukufinyelela kwezokuhamba, nomsebenzi wokuhlala.

Izibalo zezifo ziyasiqinisekisa ngokuphelele lesi sitatimende: emazweni athuthukile, ukuxhaphaka kwesifo sikashukela kukhulu izikhathi eziyishumi kunasemazweni ampofu. Isici sohlobo 2 inkambo ende, enophawu olunophawu. Uma ungabambi iqhaza esivivinyweni sokwelashwa esivamile noma unikele ngegazi ushukela ngokwakho, ukuxilongwa kuzokwenziwa sekwephuze kakhulu lapho kuqala izinkinga eziningi. Ukwelapha kuleli cala kuzonikezwa kubanzi kakhulu kunokuthi kutholakale lesi sifo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Kungani kuthayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi ngubani othintekayo

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa lapho kutholakala ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-glucose esiswini esingenalutho egazini le-venous yeguli. Izinga elingaphezulu kuka-7 mmol / L liyisizathu esanele sokugomela ukuthi ukwephula umzimba we-carbohydrate kwenzeka emzimbeni. Uma izilinganiso zenziwa nge-glucometer ephathekayo, izinkomba zesifo sikashukela ngaphezulu kwe-6.1 mmol / l zibonisa i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kuleli cala ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuvame ukuhambisana nokuphulwa kokungazweli kwe-insulin. Ushukela ovela egazini ungena ezicutshini ngenxa ye-insulin, ngokumelana, ukuqashelwa kwe-insulin ngamangqamuzana kuyafakelwa, okusho ukuthi i-glucose ayikwazi ukungenwa futhi iqala ukuqwabelana egazini. Ama-pancreas afuna ukulawula amazinga kashukela, athuthukisa umsebenzi wawo. Ekugcineni uyakhathala. Uma ingalashwa, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, i-insulin ethe xaxa ithathelwa indawo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo, futhi ushukela wegazi uhlala uphakeme.

Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela:

1. Ukhuluphele. Izicubu ze-Adipose zinomsebenzi we-metabolic futhi zinomphumela oqondile wokumelana ne-insulin. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukukhuluphala okhalweni.
2. Ukuntuleka kokunyakaza kuholela ekwehleni kwezidingo ze-glucose yemisipha. Uma umsebenzi womzimba ungekho, ushukela omningi uhlala egazini.
3. Kukhulu ekudleni kwama-carbohydrate atholakala kalula - Imikhiqizo kafulawa, amazambane, ama-dessert. Ama-carbohydrate angenayo i-fiber eyanele angena egazini ngokushesha, abangele umsebenzi owengeziwe we-pancreatic futhi ovuselela ukumelana ne-insulin. Funda i-athikili yethu ephathelene nokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle.
4. Isakhi sofuzo kwandisa amathuba esifo sohlobo 2, kepha akuyona into engenakuphikwa. Imikhuba enempilo iqeda ubungozi besifo sikashukela, ngisho nefa elibi.

Izinkinga zokukhubazeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ziqongelela isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke iminyaka yobudala nayo ibhekwa njengesici sohlobo 2 sikashukela. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siqala emuva kweminyaka engama-40, manje sekuba nomkhuba wokwehla iminyaka emaphakathi yabanesifo sikashukela.

Izindlela nobunzima besifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ihlukaniswe phakathi kokuqala nasesekondari. Isifo sikashukela esiyinhloko asiguquki, kuya ngesimo sokuphazamiseka, izinhlobo ezi-2 ziyahlukaniswa:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 (E10 ngokuya nge-ICD-10) lutholakala lapho ukwanda koshukela wegazi kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka kumanyikwe ngenxa yemiphumela yama-antibodies kumaseli ayo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lincike kwe-insulin, okungukuthi, ludinga imijovo ye-insulin nsuku zonke.
• Uhlobo 2 (ikhodi MKD-10 E11) ekuqaleni kwentuthuko luboniswa ukweqiwa kwe-insulin nokuqina kwe-insulin. Njengoba ubulukhuni bukhuphuka, kuya ngokuya kusondela uhlobo 1 sikashukela.

Isifo sikashukela sesibili senzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kofuzo kuma-chromosomes, nezifo ze-pancreatic, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal. Ngemuva kokulashwa noma ukulungiswa kwezokwelapha kwalesi sifo-imbangela, ushukela wegazi ubuyela kokujwayelekile. Isifo sikashukela se-Gestational naso sesibili, senza kube yisikhathi saso ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi sidlule ngemuva kokubeletha.

Ngokuya kobunzima, ushukela uhlukaniswe ngamadigri:

1. I degree ethambile isho ukuthi kuphela ukudla okune-carb okuphansi okwanele ukugcina amazinga ashukela ajwayelekile. Imithi ayinqunyelwe iziguli. Isigaba sokuqala siyivelakancane ngenxa yokuxilongwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ungayiguquli indlela ophila ngayo ngesikhathi, degree ethambile isingena masishane.
2. Medium yiyona evame kakhulu. Isiguli sidinga imali ukwehlisa ushukela. Azisekho izinkinga zesifo sikashukela noma zimnene futhi azithinti ikhwalithi yempilo. Kulesi sigaba, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kungenzeka ngenxa yokulahleka kweminye imisebenzi ye-pancreatic. Kulokhu, liphethwe ngomjovo. Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin yisizathu esenza anciphe isisindo sikashukela ngokudla okujwayelekile kwekhalori. Umzimba awukwazi ukudonsa ushukela futhi uphoqeleka ukuba udilize amafutha kanye nemisipha yalo.
3. Isifo sikashukela esinzima sibonisa izinkinga eziningi. Ngokulashwa okungafanele noma ukungabikho kwayo, izinguquko zenzeka emikhunjini yezinso (nephropathy), amehlo (retinopathy), isifo sikanyawo sikashukela, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngenxa ye-angiopathy yemikhumbi emikhulu. Uhlelo lwezinzwa luphinde lube nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izinguquko eziwohlokayo kulo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-diabetesic neuropathy.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nes 1st

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Ezigulini eziningi, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zincane kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukusola lesi sifo. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile.

Ukwehlisa igazi elimnandi ngokweqile, umzimba udinga isilinganiso esengeziwe soketshezi, ngakho-ke ukoma noma ukoma kwezitho zomzimba zingabonakala. Ngokunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, inani lomchamo nalo liyakhuphuka.

Ngenxa kashukela omningi, ukuhamba kwegazi kuma-capillaries amancane kakhulu kuyaphazamiseka, isikhunta siyasebenza. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingazizwa zilunywa esikhunjeni nasezimvweni ezingama-mucous, i-thrush ivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane. Amanxeba aqala ukuphulukisa kubi, izilonda zesikhumba zenzeka ngendlela yezindawo ezifuthelwayo noma amathumba amancane.

Ukungondleki kwezicubu okunganele ngenxa yokumelana nokuqina kwe-insulin kuboniswa umuzwa wokukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

Isifo singalashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuvamile, ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa kwesifo, i-endocrinologist inquma ukudla nezidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela. Uma isiguli sikwazile ukumisa lesi sifo ekuqaleni, futhi amandla akuvumela ukuba unamathele ngokuqinile ekudleni okuqinile, imithi ingakhanselwa. Ngokuncika kukho konke izincomo zikadokotela ezondweni nasezingeni lokudla, lesi sifo asibangeli zinkinga, ezivumela oshukela ukuba azizwe njengabantu abaphilile.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa

Umuthi othize wokwelashwa nemithamo yawo ukhethwe udokotela ngokuya ngokuphepha kwamanyikwe, ukumelana ne-insulin, isisindo sesiguli nezifo ezihlobene naso.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin

Ukufakwa imijovo ye-insulin lapho izindlela zezidakamizwa zehluleka ukubuyisela ushukela kokujwayelekile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela, esihambisana nokuncipha kokuhlanganiswa kwehomoni yayo uqobo. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kufanelekile uma, kulandela ukudla nokusebenzisa ama-hypoglycemic agents, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated liphezulu kune-9%.

Okwesikhashana, i-insulin ingabekwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okukhulu kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa nangesikhathi sokusebenza, ngokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nemivimbo, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinkulu, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, baphendukela ku-insulin iminyaka engu-9 ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Lezi zibalo zifaka zombili iziguli eziqondisiwe ezingayidingi i-insulin amashumi eminyaka, nabantu abangafuni ukushintsha indlela yabo yokuphila.

Ukufakwa ngesikhathi kwe-insulin kwirejimeni yokwelashwa kuvumela ukulondolozwa kwemisebenzi ye-pancreatic esele, kuthuthukisa isinxephezelo sikashukela, futhi kubambezele ukuqala kwezinkinga.

Uhlobo lwe-insulin oluthembele kakhulu ku-insulin luvame ukushiywa ngaphandle kokwelashwa oludingekayo ngenxa yokwesaba imijovo nokwesaba ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa. Ngempela, imithamo emincane ye-insulin efushane ingaholela ku-hypoglycemic coma. Kepha ngesifo sikashukela, i-basal, i-insulin ende imisiwe, okumele iphathwe kanye noma kabili ngosuku ngevolumu efanayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukwehla okuyingozi kwe-glucose ngemijovo enjalo. Futhi imijovo ngokwayo isebenzisa amapeni wesirinji ngenqubo efanelekile ayinabuhlungu.

Isidingo sokuzivocavoca umzimba

Ama-glucose amaningi emzimbeni adliwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu kwemisipha. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ngokomzimba kuyadingeka ukusheshisa ukuhamba kweshukela kusuka egazini ukungena ezicutshini. Ukuvivinya umzimba amahora amathathu ngesonto kunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, usize ukubhekana nokukhuluphala.

Ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela, ukuvivinya umzimba kuyathandwa. Ukubona ubukhulu obudingekayo, udinga ukubala ukushaya kwephumula (ekuseni, ngaphandle kokuphuma embhedeni).

Isilinganiso senhliziyo (HR) sokuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic sibalwa ifomula: (220 - ubudala - ukushaya kwenhliziyo ekuseni) * 70% + ukushaya kwenhliziyo ekuseni. Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela sineminyaka engama-45 ubudala, futhi ukushaya kwayo kwasekuseni kungama-75, ngesikhathi samakilasi udinga ukugcina izinga (220-45-75) * 70/100 + 75 = 150 ukushaywa ngomzuzu. Ukugijima kancane, noma iyiphi i-aerobics ekilabhini yokuqina, ukubhukuda, ukudansa, ukushushuluza neminye imisebenzi eminingi kufanelekile.

Udinga ukukhetha uhlobo lomsebenzi ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho nokutholakala, ngoba kuzodingeka ubhekane nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 impilo yakho yonke. Ezigulini esezikhulile ezikhuluphele, ukuhamba ngesibindi kunikeza isilinganiso esifanele senhliziyo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqala ngayo nangezinga eliphansi lokuqina, ushintshela njalo emithwalweni enkulu kakhulu.

Amakhambi ephumelelayo abantu

Emithini esekwe ebufakazini, amakhambi awasetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela. Izici zabo zokuphulukisa zincike esifundeni sokukhula, isikhathi sokuqoqa, ukomiswa okufanele nokugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wezitshalo awunakuqinisekiswa ucwaningo, ngoba kwenzeka lapho kungeniswa izidakamizwa ezintsha emakethe. Ukuphela kwento abakhiqizi abaqinisekisa ukuphepha lapho isetshenziswa ngokwemiyalo.

Amakhambi we-Folk angasetshenziselwa kuphela ushukela omnene noma njengesijobelelo semithi esesigabeni esiphakathi.

Kusetshenziswa kanjani umenzeli we-hypoglycemic:

• ISt. Wort
• ekhemisi chamomile;
• ama-blueberry amahlumela;
• i-aspen bark;
• ihhashi;
• amaqabunga obhontshisi;
• usinamoni.

Ezingxenyeni zezitshalo zemithi, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions ayalungiswa. Umthamo ojwayelekile wansuku zonke yisipuni noma isipuni engilazini yamanzi. ICinnamon isetshenziswa njengesipayisi - esingezwe iziphuzo, ama-dessert noma izitsha zenyama - Bheka i-athikili ngokusetshenziswa kwesinamoni kushukela.

Ungadla kanjani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Enhliziyweni yenhliziyo yesifo sikashukela 2 kuwukuhlanekezela okunamandla, imbangela yazo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukungondleki okungafanele. Ukudla kunqunyelwe cishe zonke izifo ezinkulu, futhi ezimeni eziningi akunakwa yiziguli. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Lapha, ukondliwa kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa. Izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela ngaphandle kokudla azikwazi ukubhekana namazinga aphezulu kashukela.

Ukwakhiwa kokudla kwabanesifo sikashukela ngokugaya kalula, ama-carbohydrate asheshayo kufanele kube ubuncane (mayelana nama-carbohydrate asheshayo futhi aphambili). Qondisisa ubuningi bemikhiqizo kuzosiza itafula lama-index we-glycemic (GI). Ukunyuka okuphezulu kwe-GI, ukwanda okumangazayo koshukela kuzokwenzeka ngemuva kokudla, okusho ukuthi ukumelana ne-insulin kuzokwanda, kulimale nemithambo yegazi, futhi isiguli sizizwa sibi kakhulu.

Ukudla okuthambile kwe-carbohydrate kuvunyelwe. Ukuba khona kwabo ekudleni kulinganiselwe kuye ngezinga lesifo sikashukela kanye nokuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile. Kubalwa inani eliphephile lama-carbohydrate, elivunyelwe ukuthi lidliwe ngosuku. Okokuqala, umuntu onesifo sikashukela onesifo sohlobo 2 uzodinga isilinganiselo ekhishini namatafula okunempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanesifo sikashukela bafunda ukubona, ngamehlo, ukuthi mangakhi ama-carbohydrate akhonzwayo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uqhubeke ngokushesha

Enye indlela yokwelapha isifo sikashukela okuthiwa ukuzila “okumanzi”. Inikeza ukwenqatshwa okuphelele kwanoma yikuphi ukudla kanye nenani lamanzi elingenamkhawulo. Isikhathi ngaphandle kokudla kufanele sibe lide impela - okungenani isonto. Umgomo wokuzila ukudla ukufeza i-ketoacidosis, okungukuthi, ukuwohloka kwamaseli wamafutha ngokukhishwa kwe-acetone egazini. Abalandeli bokuzila ukudla okwelaphayo bathi umzimba ngaphandle kokudla usuka emotweni ojwayelekile we-carbohydrate metabolism uye kumafutha, amaseli we-pancreatic athola isikhathi sokuphumula futhi alulame.

Eqinisweni, lesi sitatimende sikude neqiniso. Lapho izitolo ezinoshukela emzimbeni womuntu ziphela, amazinga kashukela egazi anakekelwa nge-gluconeogeneis. Umzimba ngokusebenzisa ukusikisela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali kukhiqiza ushukela kusuka emafutheni nakumaprotheni. Ukufakwa kwamafutha kuleli cala kuyancibilika, kepha ngasikhathi sinye izicubu ziyabhujiswa. Ama-pancreas futhi ngeke akwazi ukuphumula - ushukela onqotshwe kanzima kumele ulethwe kumaseli, okusho ukuthi i-insulin iyadingeka. Ungafinyelela ukwehlukaniswa kwamafutha ngokulahleka okuncane kakhulu usebenzisa ukudla okune-carb ephansi nokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwekhalori.

Thayipha 2 isifo sikashukela

Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela lungavinjelwa noma ngefa elibi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukugcina isisindo sisondele kokujwayelekile, faka ezemidlalo okuphoqelekile enkambisweni yansuku zonke, ungadli ngokweqile, ungadli indlala futhi unqande ama-carbohydrate asheshayo - amaswidi nefulawa.

Kubandakanya ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela nokuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile. Igazi linikelwa ngoshukela okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ngokuthola izakhi zofuzo noma indlela yokuphila engenampilo - minyaka yonke.

Kukhona nokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri okungathola ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwe-metabolic, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela. Izinguquko ezinjalo ze-pathological esigabeni sokuqala zingalapheka ngokuphelele. Uma isikhathi siphuthelwa, isifo sikashukela singakhula.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Ngabe isifo sikashukela sizoqhubeka, kuya ngesiguli. Odokotela bathi umnikelo wabo ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo awudluli kuma-20%.

Nwebisa iminyaka yokuphila futhi uvikele izinkinga kuzosiza:

1. Ukulawulwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, ukwehla kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-6% kunika iminyaka emithathu yokuphila.
2. Ukugcina ingcindezi iphansi. Ngokucindezela okuphezulu kuka-180, umuntu onesifo sikashukela seminyaka engama-55 uvunyelwe iminyaka engu-19 yokuphila. Ukwehlisela ku-120 kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-21.
3. Inani elijwayelekile le-cholesterol egazini lizonikeza iminyaka embalwa.
4. Ukubhema kunciphisa impilo ngeminyaka emi-3.

Idatha emaphakathi yesikhathi sokuphila esine-Type 2 sikashukela njengamanje ibukeka kanjena: indoda eneminyaka engama-55 eqaphela ukugula kwayo izophila iminyaka engama-21.1, ngowesifazane - iminyaka engama-21.8. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa nokulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela, lezi zibalo zincishiswa zaba ngu-13.2 no-15, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sithola hhayi iminyaka engu-7 eyengeziwe, kodwa futhi nethuba lokuzisebenzisa ngenkuthalo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka izinkinga eziningi.