Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda kabanzi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zikashukela ezikhona. Ngeke sidingida kuphela uhlobo “olukhulu” 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ezingaziwa kakhulu. Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela ngenxa yezinkinga zofuzo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic yama-carbohydrate, okungabangelwa yimithi yokwelapha.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yiqembu lezifo (ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic) lapho isiguli sinezinga le-glucose eliphakeme elingamahlalakhona. Lokhu kubizwa nge-hyperglycemia. Imbangela ye-hyperglycemia ephikelelayo kwisifo sikashukela ukuthi ukucasulwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas kukhubazekile, noma i-insulin ayisebenzi kahle. Kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, zombili lezi zinto zihlanganiswa esigulini esisodwa.
Ukuntuleka kwesenzo se-insulin kungenxa yokuthi i-pancreas "ikhiqiza" kancane, noma kunesici ekuphenduleni kwezicubu kwe-insulin. Amazinga kashukela egazi aphakama njalo anciphisa impilo yomuntu futhi aholele ezinkingeni ngezitho nezitho zomzimba ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngombono (isifo sikashukela retinopathy), izinso (izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ezinso), imithambo yegazi (angiopathy - ukulimala kwemithambo), izinzwa (isifo sikashukela se-neuropathy) nenhliziyo.
Manje sizonikeza ngezigaba zesifo sikashukela ngohlobo, esavunywa yi-American Diabetes Association ngo-2010. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela kubhekwa njengokuphelele kakhulu kuze kube manje.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Ngalesi sifo, amangqamuzana e-pancreatic beta abhujiswa, futhi lokhu kuholela ekusweleni kwe-insulin emzimbeni.
A) Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-Immuno-Mediated - amaseli e-beta afa ngenxa “yokuhlaselwa” kwamasosha abo omzimba;
B) Idiopathic - basho njalo uma imbangela yesifo sikashukela inganqunywa.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuqalwa ukumelana ngokweqile kwezicubu ezenzweni ze-insulin - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana, futhi kulokhu, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin “kuhlangene”.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 asivamile ngenxa yokwephulwa okuningana kokuqunjelwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas, esisahlanganiswa nokuvinjwa kwe-insulin
Ezinye izinhlobo ezithile zesifo sikashukela
A) Isici sofuzo emisebenzini yamaseli we-beta:
- chromosome 12, HNF-1 alpha (MODY-3);
- chromosome 7, glucokinase (MODY-2);
- chromosome 20, HNF-4 alpha (MODY-1);
- chromosome 13, IPF-1 (MODY-4);
- chromosome 17, HNF-1 beta (IMODY-5);
- chromosome 2, NeuroD1 (MODY-6);
- i-mitochondrial DNA;
- abanye.
C) Izinkinga zofuzo esenzweni se-insulin:
- thayipha ukumelana ne-insulin;
- leprechaunism;
- isifo se-rabson-mendenhall;
- lipoatrophic dibet;
- abanye.
C) Izifo ze-exocrine pancreatic Equipment:
- i-pancreatitis
- usizi, i-pancreatectomy;
- inqubo ye-neoplastic;
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- i-hemochromatosis;
- i-fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy;
- abanye.
D) Endocrinopathy:
- i-acomegaly;
- I-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
- i-glucagonoma;
- pheochromocytoma;
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- somatostatinoma;
- i-aldosteroma;
- abanye.
E) Isifo Sikashukela Esikhonjwa Izidakamizwa noma Amakhemikhali
- i-vaccor (ubuthi ngamagundane);
- i-pentamidine;
- i-nicotinic acid;
- glucocorticoids;
- ama-hormone egilo;
- diazoxide;
- i-alpha adrenergic antagonists;
- Abaphikisi be-beta-adrenergic;
- ama-beta-blockers;
- ama-thiazides (i-thiazide diuretics);
- i-dilantin;
- i-alpha interferon;
- ama-proteinase inhibitors (i-HIV);
- ama-immunosuppressants (Tacrolimus);
- opiates;
- izidakamizwa ze-atypical antipsychotic;
- abanye.
F) Ukutheleleka
- i-rubella yokuzalwa;
- cytomegalovirus;
- abanye.
G) Izinhlobo ezingekho emthethweni zesifo sikashukela esingaqondakali:
- i-rigid human syndrome (ilukhuni-indoda -syndrom);
- ama-antibodies kuma-insulin receptors;
- abanye.
Amanye ama-syndromes wezakhi zofuzo kwesinye isikhathi ahlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela:
- I-Down syndrome;
- I-Klinefelter syndrome;
- I-Turner syndrome;
- i-tungsten syndrome;
- Frederick ataxia;
- I-Huntington's chorea;
- I-Lawrence-Moon-Beadle syndrome;
- i-myotonic dystrophy;
- i-porphyria;
- Isifo sePrader-Willi;
- abanye.
Qaphela Isiguli esinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela singadinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin nganoma yisiphi isigaba salesi sifo. Ukuthi isiguli sithola i-insulin noma cha, lokhu ngeke kube yisisekelo sokuhlukanisa ushukela wakhe kwesinye isigaba noma kwesinye.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu
Inhlangano i-American Diabetes Association ikhomba isifo sikashukela somzimba ngokwesibeletho (esenzeka kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa) njengohlobo oluhlukile. Akukhathaleli ukuthi umuntu wesifazane uphathwa i-insulin yini noma kuphela ngokudla, futhi nokuthi ngabe ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kuhlala ngemuva kokubeletha.
Emavikini la-6 ngemuva kokuphela kokukhulelwa (noma kamuva), owesifazane kufanele ahlolwe kabusha futhi anikezwe isigaba esisodwa esilandelayo:
- isifo sikashukela
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glycemia;
- ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile;
- ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile uyi-standardoglycemia.
