Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yinkimbinkimbi yokuguquguquka nokugxila kwengqondo kubujamo besimo se-ischemic ngenxa ye-vasher atherosulinosis. Ukuswelakala okungapheli kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi kuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo ebuchosheni, nakho okuthinta ikhwalithi yemisebenzi yayo.
I-Discirculatory encephalopathy inezigaba ezintathu, izinhlobo eziningana, kanye ne-prognosis ehlukile esigabeni ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo, uma singalashwa, singahola umuntu ophilile futhi ogcwele ukuwohloka komqondo kanye nokuhluleka ngokuphelele kokulungiswa komphakathi.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-atherosclerosis ne-encephalopathy kuyabonakala futhi kufakazelwe ososayensi abaningi. Ngokwanda kwe-cholesterol ye-plasma, kwakheka ama-cholesterol plagi, aqukethe izikejana zomzimba womuntu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile kuyaphazamiseka ezicutshini zobuchopho, futhi abatholi inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo.
I-Discirculatory encephalopathy, ikhodi ngokusho kwe-ICD-10 yayo eku-rubric I60-I69 "Izifo zeCerebrovascular", ingaba ngezinhlobo eziningi:
- I-atherosclerotic encephalopathy, eyenzeka lapho kukhona khona i-arteryosulinosis yamalungu omndeni. Ngenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo. imvamisa, i-atherossteosis ithinta imithambo eyinhloko, ebhekele ukulethwa kwegazi eliningi iye ebuchosheni, futhi ilawule nethamo layo lonke ukuhamba kwegazi lokubeletha. Kungakho, uma i-pathology yathuthuka, ukuphuma kwegazi ngevolumu edingekayo kunzima, okuholela kokuphazamiseka emisebenzini yobuchopho;
- Isici esiyingqayizivele se-discirculatory hypertensive atherosulinotic encephalopathy kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke kubantu abasha. I-Pathology ihlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwegazi nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngesikhathi sokufika kwabo, kukhula ngokubonakalayo. Kuqhubeka ukuqubuka kwesifo ngokushesha, okuhambisana nezinkinga ezenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu;
- I-encephalopathy exubekile. Hlanganisa izici ze-hypertensive and atherosselotic discirculatory encephalopathy. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wemikhumbi emikhulu yobumbano, ekhuphuka kakhulu ngokuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu zegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwezimpawu ezikhona zesifo;
- I-venous encephalopathy. Le pathology itholakala ezimweni lapho ukuphuma kwegazi le-venous kusuka enkanjini ye-cranial patity. Ukuqina kwe-plasma kuholela ekutheni imithambo engaphakathi nangaphandle kwesigebhezi isesimweni sokucindezela. Umsebenzi weBongo uphazamiseka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa ye-edema, eyenzeka ngenxa yobunzima ekuphumeni kwegazi ngemithambo.
Ngokuya ngokuboniswa kwemitholampilo, kuhlukaniswa izigaba eziningana ze-discepulopathy ye-discircululrate:
Isigaba sokuqala sibonisa ngokuba khona kwezimpawu ezithambile zokulimala kobuchopho. Kulesi simo, ukuvela kwe-asymmetry kwama-foldol we-nasolabial kungabhekwa; ukuphambuka kolimi; ukuqina okungalingani kwe-tendon nokukhombisa kwesikhumba ohlangothini lwesobunxele nangakwesokudla somzimba.
Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngobuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi, i-tinnitus, ukulahleka kwenkumbulo, ukugcwala okuncane kokunaka nokusebenza kahle. Iziguli azikho emqondweni, azicasuki, ziyakhala, imizwa yazo ihlala icindezelekile. Kunzima ngabo ukuthi basuke kolunye uhlobo lomsebenzi baye kolunye;
Isigaba sesibili salesi sifo sibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwememori (okubuye kube yingcweti). Umuntu unokuncipha kwendilinga yakhe yezintshisekelo, kukhona ushintsho ekuqondeni nasebuntwini besiguli. Kulesi sigaba, ukulala ebusuku kuya ngokuya kukhula, kanti phakathi nosuku isiguli sizwa ukungalali njalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba sokuqala, izimpawu ze-organic neurological ziyaqina, inani labo liyanda. I-dysarthria ethambile, ukukhalipha kwe-pathological, izimpawu ze-amiostatic zenzeka: i-bradykinesia, i-vis tone yemisipha. Uma esigabeni sokuqala umthamo wokusebenza ugcinwa ngokuyisisekelo, khona-ke kwesibili kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Esigabeni sesithathu, kubonakala ukuvela kwezinguquko ezinkulu emathanjeni we-cerebral and subcortical. Lokhu kusiza ukwandisa isibalo nobukhulu bezimpawu ezi-organic, kanye nokwanda kwezifo zengqondo nokukhula kwezimpawu ze-neurological:
- I-Pseudobulbar syndrome, okuyi-dysphonia, i-dysarthria ne-dysphagia, ehlanganiswe nokwanda kokukhombisa kwe-pharyngeal kanye ne-mandibular, ukukhala ngobudlova nokuhleka. Ikhula ngokushintsha okuningana okumbalwa endabeni emhlophe yomabili ama-hemispheres noma isiqu sobuchopho ngokubhujiswa kwezindlela eziphezulu zombili izinhlangothi. Izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal: i-shuffling gait, ukuqina okujwayelekile, ukuhamba kancane, ukwethuka, njll kwenzeka lapho izithintana ze-subcortical zithinteka;
- I-vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome ibonakaliswa isiyezi, ukungazinzi, ukuqina lapho uhamba futhi kubangelwa ukulimala kwezinhlaka ze-vestibulo-cerebellar.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-encephalopathy kungabangelwa yizici eziningi. Yini ngempela ecasulayo lesi sifo?
Okokuqala, ukuba khona kwesifo esifana ne-atherossteosis, okuyimbangela yokuqalwa kwe-encephalopathy emaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu wamacala. Umphumela ubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypertgency, kanye nokwephulwa kokuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yengqondo.
Okwesibili, umphumela obhubhisayo ohlelweni lwe-vascular unethonya elide emzimbeni womuntu wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezinobuthi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uphuzo oludakayo, umuthi ohlukahlukene, izinsimbi ezisindayo.
Okwesithathu, ukuba khona kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezingamahlalakhona zezitho zangaphakathi ezigulini. Zibangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-vascular. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-uremic encephalopathy, ebangelwa ukwephulwa emsebenzini wezinso, ithinta ukuqala komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungenye yezimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwe-dyscircular encephalopathy.
I-radiation encephalopathy yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo ebuchosheni obuvezwa yimisebe;
Imvamisa, izindawo ze-ischemic zenziwa ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho. Bakha izinto ezimile ezivimbela umoya-mpilo ukungena izicubu.
Isigaba ngasinye salesi sifo sinezimpawu ezimbalwa zaso, kepha-ke, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuqunjelwa kwe-encephalopathy, etholakala ngamazinga ahlukahlukene obulukhuni kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwalesi sifo.
Isiguli sikhathazekile ngekhanda; isiyezi, ukukhubazeka okungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, umsebenzi okhubazekile wokuqonda, ukusebenza okhubazekile. Izimo ezihlukumezanayo zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ukuphazamiseka okungatheni, kanye nokulahleka kwenkululeko kancane kancane kuyabonakala.
Uma ezinye zezimpawu ezisohlwini zivela, kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela oyi-neurologist ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuphelele futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuqokwa kokunye ukwelashwa.
Ukuthola lesi sifo, izindlela eziningi zisetshenzisiwe, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zazo yilezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, umchamo, uketshezi lweCypbrospinal;
- I-MRI yobuchopho, lapho ukwazi ukubona khona kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene;
- I-Multispiral computed tomography, enikeza ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kanye ne-pathology;
- I-angioscanning ye-Duplex yemikhumbi yobuchopho nentamo - ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe i-pathology yemikhumbi ye-brachiocephalic;
- I-Electroencephalography ukukhomba i-foci yomsebenzi we-pathological of the brain;
- Imephu ye-Neuroenergy - ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole umsebenzi we-metabolic wengqondo.
- I-Angiography yemikhumbi yentamo nobuchopho - ikuvumela ukuthi ucacisele izinga le-stenosis kanye ne-tortuosity elembulwe ngesikhathi se-angioscanning ephindwe kabili, ukuhlola ukubaluleka kwabo kwe-hemodynamic.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningi.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemikhumbi ethintekile kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe zazisetshenziswa yini izindlela zokuhlinza noma cha, kudingeka isidlo esikhethekile, kukhonjiswa umuthi:
- I-Phenotropil ehlobene nama-neuromodulators. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo, kungenzeka ukuvuselela isiguli. Umuthi ubekezelelwa kahle ngumzimba;
- I-Mexicoidol, engeyeqembu lama-antioxidants. Isidingo sokudla kwayo kungenxa yezinqubo ezisheshayo ze-necrosis zezicubu zobuchopho. Umuthi ufakwa amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku amasonto ama-2, emva kwalokho atshintshe amafomu ethebulethi;
- I-Cytoflavin, efaka i-presinic ne-nicotinic acid, i-rifoflavin ne-riboxin. Kusetshenziswa ngesimo se-dropper esuselwa ku-glucose noma usawoti. Inqubo yenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ayi-2-3.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-pathology kwenziwa ezindongeni zemikhumbi emikhulu ezimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaholeli emiphumeleni emihle edingekayo.
I-Stenosis (i-vasent stenting) inqubo, ngemuva kwalokho i-lumen canal lumen engemuva kwayo ibuyiselwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufakwa ishubhu elikhethekile kuyo, ngosizo udokotela wethula ezinye izinsimbi. Lapho umkhumbi unciphisiwe, kufakwa udonga olukhethekile.
Ngosizo lwayo, i-lumen ye-artery inwebeka ngosayizi oludingekayo.
Isifo esithuthuka ngokushesha sinama-prognoses amnandi amancane uma siqhathaniswa nokukhula kancane kwe-pathology. Iphuzu elibalulekile unyaka wesiguli - ukuthi likhulu kangakanani, yilapho sekuphawuleka khona ukuthi kunezimpawu ze-encirchalal encephalopathy.
Ngezinhlobo zokuqala zalesi sifo nokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthola imiphumela emihle ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, futhi kwezinye izimo ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele.
Esigabeni sesibili, ukuthethelelwa nakho kungatholakala. Okungathandeki kakhulu ngokuya nge-prognosis isigaba sesithathu sesifundo, lapho isiguli singekho ngaphansi kokululama ngokuphelele.
Yini i-encephalopathy echazwe kuvidiyo kuleli vidiyo.
