I-atherossteosis ibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu esithinta imithambo yegazi kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lomuntu nenhliziyo. Ukwakheka kwe-pathology kusizwa ukwakheka odongeni lwemithambo yemithambo yemithambo kanye nemithambo ye-cholesterol plaque nezinye izinto ezinjengamafutha.
Lapho ziqongelela ezitsheni, kufakwa i-atherosulinotic plaques, evimba ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho ezibalulekile zangaphakathi. Kukhona ukusebenzisana okubucayi kwezindonga, zilahlekelwa nokuqina nokuqina.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithambo imincane kakhulu, igazi alinakungena ngokugcwele ebuchosheni, emalungeni aphansi nangaphezulu. Ukwephulwa okunjalo kwe-lipid metabolism kuguqula ukuguquguquka kwegazi, ngenxa yalokho, kuye kube yizingxenye zegazi kumuntu bese kuvela isifo senhliziyo. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ze-atherosclerosis.
Ukuqala kwezifo
Lapho imithambo yegazi iba mncane kakhulu, igazi alifinyeleli izitho ezibalulekile ngokugcwele. Uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, indawo emithanjeni yegazi ivaliwe ngokuphelele, okuholela ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kulesi simo, imilenze ephansi nangaphezulu, ubuchopho, inhliziyo kuyathinteka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi.
Ngakho-ke, i-atherossteosis ngisho nasekuqaleni kwesifo siyisifo esiyingozi, esivame ukuholela ekufeni. Kudingeka kakhulu ukuqapha kubantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela. I-Pathology itholakala ngaleso sikhathi lapho isiguli sinezinkinga ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ukuze uvikele ngesikhathi ukwanda kwe-myocardial infarction, stroke, izifo ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yezinhliziyo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe izivivinyo zegazi njalo futhi kuhlolwe izinsiza. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhumbula izindlela zokuthibela, uhole indlela yokuphila enempilo, udle ngendlela efanele.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo, kuya ngokuthi iyiphi indawo ethintekile.
- I-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi ye-coronary ifinyelela emithanjeni eholela enhliziyweni;
- I-Cerebral atherossteosis iholela ekuphazamiseni ubuchopho;
- I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu ibangela ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini nasezinhlangothini, futhi kubhebhethekisa inhlala-kahle jikelele;
- Njengomthetho, bafunda ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqothuka kwe-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi sekwephuzile, lapho isifo sesiqala ukuziveza ngesimo sezimpawu;
- I-atherosclerosis yamathambo e-coronary ilashwa ngokuthatha ama-statins;
- Okuyingozi futhi okunzima kakhulu ukukuthola kusesimweni sokuqala i-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-brachiocephalic.
Njengoba i-pathology ingakhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala, isiguli sivame ukuthola ngenkinga lapho kuqala ushintsho lwe-atherosulinotic kanye nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sifo singangena esigabeni esingamahlalakhona, silimaze kakhulu uhlelo lokujikeleza kwezifo futhi sidale inkinga enkulu yomfutho wegazi.
I-Cholesterol isebenza njengamakhemikhali anjengamafutha futhi ibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokwakhiwa kwezitho zamangqamuzana. Lapho ukuqoqwa kwaleli lipid kudlula okwejwayelekile, kukhona ingozi yokuthola isifo esiyingozi.
Uma ulahla ngokuphelele imikhuba emibi, ungamisa izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emithanjeni yegazi okuholela ku-atherosclerosis.umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiguli ukugcina izinga elifanele le-cholesterol enempilo nembi.
Lesi sifo sibonisa kanjani?
Njengoba i-atherossteosis inomphumela olimazayo emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko emzimbeni, izimpawu zokuphambana zihlukile. Konke kuncike ekutheni yiziphi izitho zangaphakathi ezihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Okokuqala, i-lesion ifinyelela emilenzeni ephansi nangaphezulu, inhliziyo nobuchopho.
Isikhathi sophawu, sona, singaba esokucabanga kokuqala nokwelashwa. Esimweni sokuqala, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokungenampilo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibucayi nezimpawu.
Lapho lesi sifo sithola amandla futhi sizibonakalisa, izinkomba ezisobala zalesi sifo ziyabonakala.
Ungathola futhi ngalesi sifo ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.
Qinisekisa ukutholakala kwezifo ngezinsizakusebenza ezikhethekile, udokotela athi angazisebenzisa lapho esolwa ngokuxilongwa isifo sokuqina kwemizwa.
Ukwephulwa kohlelo lwezinhliziyo kuhambisana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 abantu azizwa ebuhlungu, evutha, evuvukala endaweni engalweni noma ngecala, ehlungwini enhliziyweni;
- Ingcindezi ivela esifubeni, njengokungathi isuka kumthwalo osindayo;
- Ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, isiguli sizwa nobuhlungu, kuyilapho imisebenzi yokuphefumula ingathikamezeka;
- Isiguli sine-hypertension ne-angina pectoris;
- Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinhlungu zibonakala ebusweni noma emuva, izingalo nemilenze ziba buthakathaka, ama-goosebumps futhi aqhume.
Izimpawu ezinjalo zingavela njalo uma umuntu eba nezingcindezi ezinzima, edla izidakamizwa ezihlukumeza ingqondo noma ezikhuluphele.
Uma ukuhamba kwegazi emaphethelweni aphansi nangaphezulu kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokugula, umuzwa obandayo wokubanda ubakhona, izandla nezinyawo ziyaqina, zimbozwe ngama-goosebumps. Izinsimbi zithola umthunzi wemabula, ziphenduke zibe mnyama bese zimbozwa ngephethini yemithambo yegazi.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho i-pathology yathuthuka ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zemithambo yegazi, izicubu ziwohloka futhi kubuhlungu kakhulu emaphethelweni. Umphumela womonakalo emithanjeni yemilenze uyimpawu ngendlela yokuqagula kwezikhathi ezithile. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqaliwe ekubonakalisweni kokuqala kwalesi sifo, ukuvela kube ngesimo se-necrosis, gangrene, ulcer trophic, edema ephikelelayo.
Lapho kuthinteka imithambo yobuchopho, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonakala:
- Imisindo nezindandatho ezindlebeni;
- Kuqhuma futhi kucindezele ikhanda elincane lemvelo engaziwa;
- Izinga lokulala liyaphazamiseka, ngenkathi ukuqwasha kuthathelwe indawo ukozela, amaphupho amabi avame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko emsebenzini wobuchopho;
- Isimo sesiguli nobuntu bakhe ziyashintsha;
- Lesi sifo sihambisana nokukhathazeka okukhulayo, injabulo engapheli, ukungabekezeleleki;
- Umuntu uhlala ekhathele futhi ebuthakathaka;
- Ukuxhumana kokunyakaza kuyaphazamiseka;
- Inkulumo nekhono lokubona imininingwane kuyashintsha.
Noma yiziphi zezimpawu ezingenhla kufanele zithathwe ngokungathí sina. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okusemandleni, ukuthatha izivivinyo, ukuhlolwa ukuze wenze isimo saso esigcwele silinganiselwe futhi sithuthukise impilo yakhe.
Kungani isifo sokuqina kwamathambo sikhula?
Hhayi iminyaka yobudala kuphela eyisisekelo sokubukeka kwe-pathology, kodwa futhi nokugcinwa kwendlela yokuphila engalungile. Imvamisa, isizathu sihambisana nokubhema, i-cholesterol ephezulu kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lesi sifo siqalwa eminyakeni engu-15 futhi sikhula ngokwemvelo. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, umuntu usheshisa noma wehlise inqubekela phambili.
Kaningi, le nkinga iyatholakala emadodeni, lesi sifo siqala ukuzizwa sineminyaka yobudala engama-45. Abesifazane babuye bahlangane ne-pathology ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuqala kweminyaka engama-55. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhula iminyaka yobudala, kulapho kubi kakhulu ukuphulwa.
Isisulu sokuqothuka futhi siyimbangela eyinhloko. Umfutho wokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo uvame ukunikeza ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal, ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba. Isisindo esengeziwe yisimpawu esiyinhloko sesifo sikashukela, futhi lokhu kuholela ku-atherosclerosis.
- Ukungondleki kuyinkinga enkulu yengozi. Ukuze ulondoloze impilo, kufanele kudliwe ukudla okunempilo kuphela. Ukusuka kumenyu udinga ukukhipha izitsha ezinamafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate aphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikhundleni salokho, yidla imifino, izithelo, amakhambi, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi.
- Ababhemayo nabo bavame ukuhlushwa i-atherossteosis ngenxa yemiphumela elimazayo kagwayi esifundeni semithambo yegazi. Utshwala emithanjeni emincane buye buzuzise, kepha noma yikuphi okweqisa izidakamizwa kubangela ushintsho oluhlelekile kwezicubu zesibindi.
- Izifo ezihamba phambili zisebenza njengento eyengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwe-pathology. Okuyingozi kakhulu ubukhona besifo sikashukela i-mellitus, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-gland yegilo.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca nokuphila kokuhlala phansi kuholela ekunciphiseni kwethoni yemisipha, kufaka phakathi izicubu zenhliziyo ezibalulekile. Njengoba inhliziyo iyeka ukusebenza ngemodi egcwele, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyehla. Amafutha nama-carbohydrate aqongelela ku-plasma, ayenze ibe manzi. Lokhu kudala ukwakheka kwama-atherosselotic plaque, ukuvalwa kwemithambo yegazi nokukhula kwe-thrombosis.
Iqembu eliphambili labantu elinqunyelwe i-hypercholesterolemia lihlukaniswa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iziguli ezinokuzwela okwengeziwe kwemizwa futhi zivame ukucindezelwa. Kungaba futhi i-choleric ejabule njalo, ibhekana nezimo ezicindezelayo. Kubandakanya ukuvusa ukwephulwa kungaba ngumsebenzi onzima ngokungadingekile. Kepha lezi yizizathu ezingaqondile, azikwazi njalo ukuholela ekuguleni, kepha ngesisekelo sodokotela wazo zingasola ukugula.
Isisekelo se-pathology ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, yilesi sici esidala ushintsho esimweni sesiguli. I-atherossteosis iba ngezigaba eziningana.
- Amabala e-lipid akhiwa futhi akhiwe, kuyilapho kungekho zimpawu ezithile, ngakho-ke umuntu akasolisi ukuba khona kwe-pathology. Izindonga zemithambo yemithambo yemithambo nemithambo ziyageleza futhi zishintshe, zimbozwe ngemivimbo nsundu naphuzi. Ngokwesisindo ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ukwakheka kweLipid nokuqina kwe-stratifications kuqina, imithambo yegazi iyakhiswa, ngakho-ke umzimba ngokwemvelo uzama ukuqeda lesi sifo. Ngenxa yokuvuvukala okungapheli, ungqimba oluphambili lwe-lipid nezicubu zibola ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, amadiphozithi amaningi akha i-capsule futhi akhuphuke ngaphezu kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi.
- Uma singalashwa, lesi simo singaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Emithanjeni, kuphuma ama-cholesterol. Lokhu kuholela ekukhishweni kwegazi elikhulu, elikhula futhi lenze izigaxa eziyingozi zegazi. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli sivale izindinyana ze-vascular, lokhu kuba imbangela yokufakelwa kwe-myocardial kushukela, i-necrosis yamaphethelo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
Akekho ongabikezela ukuthi ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha nangomdlandla kangakanani. Konke kuncike ezicini zomzimba ngamunye, ukuba khona kwezifo ezikhona, ifa kanye nezinye izici.
Ungayithola kanjani i-pathology?
Okokuqala, udokotela uhlola izimpawu ezichazwa yisiguli, akhombe indawo okwenziwa kuyo i-pathology futhi anqume izimbangela eziyinhloko zesilonda. Ukuqiniseka ukuthi kutholakala yini lesi sifo, isiguli sidlulisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo, kuhlolwe nohlolingo olunamandla.
Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kungaveza izimpawu zesifo ngendlela yokuncipha kwesisindo ngokushesha, ukuncipha kwezinwele, imisindo ephakeme endaweni yenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukujuluka okunyukayo, ukuwohloka okuqinile kwamapuleti ezipikili nokubonakala kwe-edema.
Ebhubhoratri, banikela ngegazi kusuka kumthambo ukuthola ukunqotshwa kwe-cholesterol enhle nokubi. Ngosizo lwama-x-ray nama-angiography, isimo semithambo yegazi siyahlolwa, futhi inani lezinhlobo ze-cholesterol nalo liyatholakala. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukugeleza kwegazi, ukubona ukuthambeka okukhona.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukulandela ukudla nokugcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Uma lesi sifo sesiqaliwe, kusetshenziswa umuthi.
- I-Statins ingavimbela imisebenzi eyisisekelo yesibindi, okuhloswe ngayo ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sithatha izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yenhliziyo nokugaya ukudla.
- Ngosizo lwama-sequina we-LCD, ukukhiqizwa kwama-bile acid ngesibindi kuvinjelwe. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza ngcono ukugaya futhi kusebenze ukusebenza kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile. Le mishanguzo ibekelwa izinjongo zokuvimbela noma esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo.
- Ukubhubhisa inqwaba yokuqongelela kwamafutha, ama-fibrate ayelashwa. Amaphilisi anjalo ayasebenza kwe-atherosulinosis, kepha ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa nezinkinga zesibindi.
- Izidakamizwa zaseNicotinic zisiza ukukhipha izikhala emithanjeni yegazi. Azidambisi i-cholesterol, kepha zithuthukisa isimo esivamile sesiguli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomphumela wokwelapha we-physiotherapy nge-atherosulinosis yemikhawulo ephezulu nephansi. Uma i-pathology isiqalile, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Kulokhu, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, ama-prosthetics emithambo yegazi, i-angioplasty ayenziwa.
Izimbangela ze-atherosclerosis zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
