I-Atherossteosis yisifo esingamahlalakhona lapho ama-lipoprotein athile afakwa khona ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi ethintekile. Isiguli sakha ama-cholesterol plaque, ukuhambisa kwegazi ezithweni zangaphakathi kuyaphazamiseka
Nge-pathology, i-lipid metabolism iyaphazamiseka futhi i-epithelium yemithambo yonakele. Ukuze usikhombe lesi sifo ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi usithola kanjani isifo sokuqina kwesifo esisesigabeni sokuqala. Lokhu kuzonyusa ukusebenza kwezokwelapha futhi kuvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima.
Kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba ngokuzimela i-pathology, ngoba ekuqaleni izimpawu azizivezi. Okwamanje, isifo singabonakala ngokungenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele, kufaka phakathi i-Hardware nokuxilongwa kweLabhoratri.
Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani
Umuthi wanamuhla ubheka izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-atherosclerosis. Ngokomunye umbono, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi isixhumanisi esiyinhloko ekwakheni lesi sifo ukwanda kokuxineka kwama-lipids asezingeni eliphansi egazini lesiguli.
Ngokweqile, i-cholesterol ingena ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ifakwa futhi ifaka ama-atherosclerotic plaque. Futhi, ukwehla kwenani le-cholesterol ewusizo kuholela ekuphulweni.
Kokunye ukwakheka, i-atherossteosis ivela uma ungqimba lwangaphakathi lomthambo lonakele. Lokhu kuba imbangela eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwe-plaque. Ukwakheka okunjalo kungaqhubeka kancane futhi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo kuqhubeke iminyaka eminingana. Lapho iba lukhuni, ukuphuma kwegazi emithanjeni kuyaphazamiseka.
Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, lesi simo sivame ukuba imbangela yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Ungayinquma kanjani i-pathology
Kaningi, umuntu akaze asole nokuthi unesifo sokuqala sokuqina kwesifo sokuqina kwezifo ezithile, ngoba lesi sifo asizivezi. Kuyadingeka ukuthola lesi sifo ngokuxilongwa ngokuphelele.
Ikakhulu, ukuze enze ukuxilongwa, udokotela ukhomba zonke izinto ezibeka engcupheni, akhombe izimpawu ezithile ze-pathology, aqondise isiguli ocwaningweni lwelabhorethri nasekuhlolweni kwethambo.
Kunezimo ezithile ezingavusa isifo sokuqina kwemizwa. Ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo ibonwa ngokuxineka okungamahlalakhona, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamafutha nokudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kakhulu, ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphindelela kofuzo, umfutho we-arterial hypertension, isifo sikashukela, i-hypothyroidism, i-hypodynamia, i-dyslipidemia.
Zonke lezi zinto zifaka isandla ekusheshiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezilonda ze-atherosulinotic kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezithile, lokhu kungaba yisisekelo sesifundo esingeziwe ngaphakathi kwelebhu.
Ungabona izimpawu ezithile zezilonda ze-atherosulinotic.
- Imithambo yobuchopho iyathinteka, okuhambisana nokuwohloka kwenkumbulo, ukulahleka kwezindlebe, ukubonakala komsindo ekhanda.
- Uma ukuvela kwemikhawulo ngezikhathi ezithile kuvela, udokotela angakwazi ukubona ukuthi ngabe isifo samathambo sisemaphethelweni aphansi kangakanani.
- I-Angina pectoris ingaba isibonakaliso se-coronary arteriosulinosis. Kulokhu, isiguli sizwa izinhlungu enhliziyweni ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, ukushesha komoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Uma uthatha iNitroglycerin noma uphumule isikhathi eside, usizi luyanyamalala.
- Nge-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-renal, ukuhlunga kwe-renal kuyancishiswa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal kungakhombisa ukuba khona kwamaprotheni, amaseli abomvu egazi, inani elikhulayo lamasilinda. Endaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imithambo ye-renal, kuvela imisindo ethile. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kuvame ukutholakala kubantu abasha abane-Reflectory arterial hypertension.
- Isiyezi nezimpawu zomonakalo emithanjeni ekhanda kubhekwa lapho imithambo ye-carotid ithinteka.
- Endabeni ye-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-mesenteric, inqubo yokugaya iyaphazamiseka. Ngemuva kwesidlo esijabulisayo, kuvela izinhlungu ezibukhali zeparoxysmal esiswini esiphezulu. Kukhona nokuqhakaza, ukugoqa, ukuqunjelwa. Uma lesi sifo sanda, isimo sihambisana nomhudo. Ngesikhathi sokukholisa, ukububula kwe-systolic kuzwakala emithanjeni yegazi yesisu.
Lapho kuphakama ingcindezi ye-systolic ne-pulse vascular, ngenkathi ukucindezela kwe-diastolic kuncipha, kutholakala i-aortic atherosclerosis. Lokhu kwephula umthetho kuvame ukuqhubeka ngasese futhi kutholakala kuphela ekugugeni.
Ukwehla ukushona kwezifo zenhliziyo, kuye kwethulwa uhlelo eRussia oluhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo lwe-screening.
Lokhu kuzokwembula isifo senhliziyo futhi kumise isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukuxilongwa kwelebhu nokwenziwayo
Ukuxilongwa kwe-atherosclerosis elabhorethri kunqunyelwe kuwo wonke umuntu osengozini yokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, noma ngabe kungekho zimpawu. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuthi sikusiphi isimo umbhede ohlukane nawo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona amathuba okulimala emithanjeni yegazi.
Kumuntu ophile kahle, inkomba ye-cholesterol ephelele ihluka kusuka ku-3.1 kuya ku-5.2 mmol / l, ukugcwala kwama-lipids amahle kwabesifazane kungu-1.42, kuthi kumadoda kube yi-1.58. Ama-lipoproteins we-density aphansi angaba ngu-3.9 mmol / L, izinga le-triglycerides lifinyelela ku-0,14-1.82 mmol / L. Isimo senkomba ye-atherogenic ngu-3.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa izinga le-creatinine, i-c-reactive protein, kanye nezinga lokuphendula kwezinso. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa, kutholakala ukuhlolwa kwethala.
- Ngosizo lwe-ultrasound, ama-thickenings emithanjeni yegazi angabonakala. Lolu hlobo lokuxilonga lukuvumela ukuthi uhlole inhliziyo, ubuchopho, isisu esibuhlungu, izitho ezingenhla. Indlela esezingeni eliphakeme ye-triplex ibonisa isimo sokugeleza kwamanzi ngombala.
- Ukuhlola ukwakheka kwe-tubular elular ngokuningiliziwe futhi uthole isithombe sabo, i-angiography ye-CT iyenziwa. Ucwaningo olunjalo luphephile emzimbeni, lunenombolo encane yokuphambana futhi alubangeli izinkinga. I-Diagnostics yenziwa ngokungenisa okuhlukile, ngemuva kwalokho iskena se-x-ray bese ithumela imininingwane ekucutshungweni kwekhompyutha.
- Ngama-pathologies wezicubu zenhliziyo, kunqunywa i-elektroni beam tomography. Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane eyengeziwe ngesimo senhliziyo, esingatholakali ngesikhathi se-compact tomography. Umphumela ungabonakala ngefomethi ye-3D.
- Ukunquma ukungavinjelwa emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko, kusetshenziswa i-angiography. Into ekhethekile ingeniswa egazini noma i-lymph, emva kwalokho i-x-ray ihlola imithambo. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kufakelwa ubukhona bokugula kwengqondo, ukubekezelela umuntu ngamunye kanye nokutheleleka okubi.
- Isithambo segazi seMRI sinikeza isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuqhathanisa, kepha kwezinye izimo inqubo yenziwa ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa. Lolu hlobo lokuxilonga lubekiwe uma i-lumen yemikhumbi incishisiwe futhi ukuhamba kwegazi kuphazamiseka.
Ukutadisha kokuqeda amandla e-atherosulinosis yemikhawulo engezansi
Ekuqaleni, udokotela ufunda izimpawu ze-pathology. Njengomthetho, isiguli sikhononda nge-lameness ehambayo, evela emthwalweni. Kulokhu, kunobuhlungu obukhali ezicutshini zemisipha yemilenze, ukuqina kanye nobuthakathaka. Ngemuva kokuphumula isikhathi eside, lezi zibonakaliso ziyahamba.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela angaqaphela ukuthi imikhawulo engezansi iyabanda, kanti ukuqina kwamathambo wethambo sekubuthaka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kutholakala izimpawu ze-atrophy yemisipha, i-hairline emilenzeni iyancipha, amapuleti ezipikili aqine futhi ukukhula kwawo kunciphe.
Isikhumba sivame ukuguquguquka, futhi lesi sifo sihambisana ne-cyanosis yezinzwane. Lapho isiguli siphakamisa futhi siguqa unyawo, kuba mnyama. Uma ubuyisela umlenze ophansi esikhundleni sawo sokuqala, ukuphela kwawo kuqhuma kakhulu.
Ukuthola lesi sifo ngqo, udokotela uqondisela ohlolweni olusebenzayo.
- Ukunquma inkomba ye-ankle-brachial, ingcindezi ye-systolic ilinganiswa endaweni ehlombe nangaphansi yomlenze, ngemuva kwalokho isilinganiso sabo sinqunywa. Kumuntu ophilile, ingcindezi ye-ankle iphakeme. Uma kutholakala isilinganiso esiphakeme emahlombe, lokhu kubonisa ukulimala okungahambi kahle emithanjeni nase-aorta yamaphethelo aphansi.
- Isebenzisa ukuskena okwenziwe nge-duplex, ukutholakala kokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi kuyatholakala. Le ndlela ikhomba izinkinga ezingabonwa yi-ultrasound ejwayelekile. Izinga lokuzwela le ndlela ngamaphesenti angama-85-90.
- Indlela enembe kakhulu yokuthola izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokulungiswa okuphezulu yi-computer tomoangiography. Ngenxa yalolu cwaningo, udokotela angakubona ngokucacile ukumbiwa kwe-calcium.
- Umehluko weGadolinium uvame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-MRI. Ukuphula umthetho kulolu hlobo lokuxilonga ubukhona be-pacemaker, futhi ucwaningo alwenziwa uma ukuhlunga kwe-renal kungaphansi kwama-30 ml / min.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlinzwa, kudingeka i-angiography yedijithali, enembile kakhulu.
Imininingwane yokutholwa kwe-atherossteosis inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
