I-Atherossteosis iyindlela yokudla eyingozi enenkambo enzima kanye nemiphumela engemihle. Kuvela izizathu eziningi, phakathi kwazo okuyizo ezibangelwa yindlela yokuphila yomuntu uqobo. Ithinta imithambo yegazi ngokwakhiwa kwama-atherosulinotic plaque. Ngokuyisisekelo, izinqubo ze-pathological ezihambisana nalesi sifo ngokuqondile zincike kuzinga le-cholesterol.
Egazini lomuntu, le nto inezindlela ezimbili, ngoba ayinakusabalala ngokwayo, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuncibilika emanzini.
I-Cholesterol ingena ekuxhumaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi namaprotheni othwele namafomu:
- I-High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Lawa ma-lipoprotein abhekwa njengento ewusizo kakhulu ethinta umzimba kahle. Amandla wezinto eziphilayo ancike ngobungako bawo.
- Ama-lipoproteins we-density low, izinga eliphakeme elivusa ukubukeka kwama-plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi, ngaphansi kwethonya lazo, izingqinamba kungenzeka ngesimo se-ischemia, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Isikhathi sokuqala kokukhula kwesifo sidlula singanakwa esigulini, esihambisana nokungatholakali kulesi sigaba sezimpawu ezicacisiwe zokubonakala kwesifo.
Uhlobo lunye lwe-pathology yi-atherossteosis ejwayelekile. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesifo, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ukulimala kwemithambo kwenzeka ezindaweni eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
I-pathology enjalo ayilapheki, futhi enhliziyweni yokubonakaliswa kwayo kungukuphulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha. Ku-International Classization of Diseases (ICD), lokhu kwephulwa kunekhodi ye-10. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iziphi izingozi ezibangelwa yi-atherosranceosis ezithwala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yini nokuthi yini inqubo eholela ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sifo
Iziguli ezithambekele ekuphazamisweni ezinqubweni ze-metabolism yamafutha kufanele zizazi izimpawu eziphambili zokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo nezindlela zokwelashwa kwaso.
Imbangela eyinhloko yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-atherosclerosis isamba se-cholesterol esegazini ngokweqile.
Kuholela ekuphazamisweni cishe kwazo zonke izinqubo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimbangela: zangaphandle nezemvelo.
Izizathu zangaphandle zifaka:
- Amafutha amaningi ekudleni.
- Ukudla ngokweqile njalo.
- Ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile Ukukhuluphala komzimba kufaka isandla ekuqhamukeni kwezinye izinto ezivusa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca empilweni yansuku zonke.
- Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala. Utshwala bungathinta kakhulu izinqubo eziningi emzimbeni, ngakho lapho umuntu eshiya lo mkhuba ngokushesha, iba ngcono imiphumela.
- Ukubhema kuyimbangela yezifo ezibulalayo, futhi, okokuqala, izinkinga ngesistimu yenhliziyo nokuphefumula. Ababhemayo banezinye izifo eziningi ezingabhemi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemithamo emikhulu yama-hormone e-steroid.
- Ukuxineka.
- Ukuqina kwemizwelo.
Uma kunesizathu okungenani esisodwa, udinga ukuthi uhlolwe kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Umuntu angaziqeda lezi zinto empilweni futhi izingozi ze-atherosulinosis zincishiswa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici ezimbalwa ezingancike kumuntu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ukuphazamiseka kofuzo;
- ukukhuphuka kwegazi legazi;
- yobudala obungu-40+, kulesi sigaba sobudala, ukuqina kwe-vascular kukhubazeka ngenxa yezinqubo zemvelo zokuguga;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-yegilo;
- ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwama-hormone ocansi ebulilini besifazane.
Amafutha amaningi ekudleni kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili ze-pathology. I-cholesterol ethe xaxa ifakwa ezindongeni ze-artery futhi kancane kancane iqoqana, yakha izingqwembe. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha we-trans emikhiqizweni eminingi, ukukhula kwamadiphozithi kusheshiswa kakhulu, okugcina kuholele ekunqwabeni komkhumbi okukhanyiswe nge-plaque.
Ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuhlakulela lolu hlobo lwe-pathology. Izinto ezilimazayo eziqukethwe ugwayi zifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Le nqubo inyusa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, okuthinta kakhulu izindlela ezenziwa ekubumbeni kwe-cholesterol.
Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi iyimbangela yalesi sifo ngenxa yokuhlinzekela okomoya okunganele emzimbeni.
Lesi sifo sikhula ngezigaba eziningana.
Lesi sifo asizibonakalisi kuze kube yilapho kuqala izinkinga. Isikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili kwe-asymptomatic sincike kuhlobo lomkhumbi othintekile kanye nobungako bokulimala.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba, ibhalansi yawo wonke ama-lipoprotein ayadingeka, futhi ukwephulwa kwawo kuholela kokungasebenzi kahle kumetabolism nokukhula kwezinqubo ze-pathological.
Izigaba ezintathu zokuthuthuka kwe-atherosclerosis ejwayelekile ziyahlukaniswa.
Isigaba sokuqala sibonisa ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezibonakala njenge-lipid ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka ukungasebenzi kahle kwegazi ukuphuma, i-microtrauma ye-arterial.
I-Lipoxlerosis yisigaba sesibili sokukhula kwalesi sifo. Kubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwe-atherosulinotic plaque ezindaweni zokuqongelela amafutha. Ingozi yabo ilele ekuvaleni i-lumen, ukwakheka kwezihibe zegazi kungenzeka.
Isigaba sesithathu yi-atherocalcinosis, usawoti we-calcium ufakwa emathafeni, ukulethwa kwezitho kuba nzima, futhi amathuba okuvalwa ngokuphelele kwe-lumen yemikhumbi aphakeme impela. Ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo owanele kanye nokudla okwenzelwe amaseli, ubungozi bezinkinga zalesi sifo - imivimbo, izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary, ukushaya kwenhliziyo - kuyanda.
Izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokutholiswa obala lesi sifo yimithambo ye-peripheral ne-coronary, imithambo yobuchopho nentamo.
Kubukhali enkambweni nasekwelashweni kungalimaza imithambo yegazi.
I-prognosis ye-atherosclerosis ejwayelekile incike ezinkingeni nasezingeni lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, kepha imvamisa imbi.
Ngokulimala kwemikhumbi yangaphandle kanye nentamo, ama-plaque asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhanyiswa kwemithambo ethintekile kunobubanzi obuhlukile.
Izinkinga zingagwenywa kuphela ngokwenza izivivinyo ezifika ngesikhathi bese usebenzisa izindlela zokuthibela.
Izimpawu eziphambiliukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology
Ukuze isifo sitholakale ngesikhathi, umuntu ovela ebungozini kufanele abheke njalo isimo somzimba.
Ngokuqapha okujwayelekile, ungahle ubone ukuwohloka kwempilo yonke.
Ezinye izibonakaliso nezimpawu zobuntu zibonakala ezigabeni zakamuva zokuqhubeka kwesifo.
Ikakhulu imithambo yentamo nobuchopho kuhlushwa yilesi sifo; imikhumbi yamathumbu; i-aorta; imithambo ye-mesenteric; imikhumbi yemikhawulo ephansi; imikhumbi yezinso.
Ngomonakalo ebuchosheni, ukukhubazeka kwememori, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu kuyaqapheleka. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umuntu angabona ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqisayo, ukulimala okungathi sína kwengqondo. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu udideka.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo zibonakaliswa ubukhona be:
- Ukhubazeka komsebenzi wememori.
- Ukwephulwa kokuxhumana kokunyakaza.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Isiyezi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kombono, ukuzwa, ukukhuluma.
- Umfutho ophakeme njalo.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba obunikezwa entanyeni, emuva, esiswini nasezingalweni.
- Ukuphefumula.
- Iyahluleka.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngomonakalo we-aorta, kuvela udonga lomkhumbi (aneurysm).
Imikhumbi ye-Coronary inezinye izimpawu zomonakalo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukubonakaliswa okungajwayelekile kufanele kubangele uhambo lokuya kudokotela.
Izimpawu zokulimala komthambo we-coronary zihlanganisa:
- izinhlungu esifubeni;
- izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo;
- ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-cholesterol ekhuphukile iyingozi, ngoba ngokunqotshwa kwemithambo ye-coronary, umuntu angafa ngokuzumayo.
Uma imithambo ye-mesenteric ithinteka, isiguli sizwa ukuqhuma, ukuhudula, noma ukuqunjelwa. Ngemuva kokudla, kuvela izinhlungu ezibukhali esifundeni sesisu. Le pathology ibuye, kwezinye izikhathi, ihambisane nokwanda kwengcindezi, okuyimbangela ye-arteriolonecrosis. Nge-pathology yemikhumbi yezinso, ukwanda kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu namaprotheni emchameni kuyabonakala.
Uma imilenze ithintekile, khona-ke isiguli sizwa ukukhathala okungapheli, isiyezi, imvamisa yelungu elilodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona kwe-lameness, usindo emilenzeni, ukungakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ukudonsela amehlo koochwepheshe kungabonakali ngokwenziwa kwezilonda nokukhula kwe-gangrene.
Umuntu angazizwa e-atosososisosis, kepha, ngokwezibalo, lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwabantu asebekhulile abasengozini futhi abangathintanga isikhungo ngesikhathi.
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okwanele kuncike esikhathini sokuya esibhedlela.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Udokotela wenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo ngesisekelo sezikhalazo zesiguli, ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa.
Ukulimala kwe-Vascular kubonakaliswa ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba; ukuba khona kwe-edema; izilonda ze-trophic; ukuba khona kwe-wen.
Ngalesi sifo, isiguli siba nemisindo engaphandle kwegazi lapho igazi lingena emithanjeni, udokotela ayihlonza ngokukhombisa ukungathandeki.
Kulokhu, umkhumbi uqala ukudonsa kaningi, kuvela ukububula kwama-systolic.
Ukubona ukugula, kuyadingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi elebhu okwenziwe ngemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sesibindi kanye nokusebenza kwaso kokwenza i-cholesterol kuyatholakala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwesimo somzimba lubandakanya:
- I-Angiography. Ngokungena uketshezi olukhethekile emgodini wemithambo yegazi, kuthathwa ama-x-ray.
- I-Coronarography.
- I-Aortography.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound
- Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasonic duplex.
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu, kunconywa ukuhlolwa okugcwele okuphelele. Ukuxilongwa kufanele kuhlolwe kaningi ukufakazela ngokuphelele noma ukuphika.
Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kulandela ukwelashwa okude futhi okunzima. Uma ihanjiswa ngokufanele nangesikhathi esifanele, khona-ke izingqinamba zingagwenywa.
Amacala akhanyisiwe aphathwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi afaka ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelapha kufaka izindawo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-lipid nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila.
Futhi ihlinzeka ngokuthathwa kwezinhlobo eziningana zemithi esetshenziselwa ukwenza ezinye izinqubo zenziwe ngokwejwayelekile.
Ingxenye engeyona yezidakamizwa yokwelashwa kwe-atherossteosis ifaka:
- indlela yokuphila iyashintsha;
- ukukhuphuka komzimba;
- ukwenqaba ngokuphelele imikhuba emibi;
- ukulungiswa kwesisindo;
- ukwelashwa kwamanye ama-pathologies emlandweni wezokwelapha;
- ukulawulwa kwesistimu yokugaya;
- ukuthula ngokuphelele.
Kucatshangelwe ukulandela ukudla okuyisipesheli okunomthelela ekujwayekeni kwazo zonke izinqubo emzimbeni womuntu. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukuthi udinga ukudla kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-prognosis yento enjalo iyadumaza, ngoba abantu beza sekwephuze kakhulu. Futhi, enye yezinkinga zesifo kungaba ukufa okungazelelwe kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
Ochwepheshe bazokhuluma nge-atherosclerosis kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
