I-cyst yi-pathological neoplasm ngesimo se-cavity esise-parenchyma yamanyikwe noma ebusweni bawo.
Ukwakheka kwe-cystic kwakhiwa ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwesitho noma ukulimala i-gland futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile ngenxa yengozi enkulu yomonakalo odongeni lwe-patity noma ukwanda kwe-cyst ibe isimila esibi.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokwesihlukaniso, ukwakheka kwe-cystic kuhlukaniswa ngezimpawu zokuziphatha kanye nendawo esitho sayo.
Ngokuya ngezakhi zesakhiwo se-cyst, kungaba:
- I-cyst eyiqiniso inekhodi ngokuya nge-ICD 10 - K 86.2. Lokhu kuyindlela engavamile yokwelapha, imvelo yesimo sokuzalwa kabusha. Umgodi onjalo wakhiwa kusuka kumaseli we-epithelial futhi awavamisi ukukhula.
- I-pseudocyst noma yamanga inekhodi K 86.3. Umgodi onjalo ukhula ngenxa yokulimala komshini endlebeni noma ngokumelene nesizinda sokuvuvukala kwesitho.
Ngokwezimpawu zokuzenzela kwendawo ingatholakala khona:
- Emzimbeni wesitho. Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lwe-pathology lapho i-neoplasm icindezela khona isisu nekholoni.
- Emsileni. Kulokhu, izitho zomakhelwane azonakaliswa, ngoba i-cyst yomsila yakhiwa ngaphandle kwe-peritoneum.
- Ekhanda. Kukhona ukucindezelwa kwe-duodenum 12, kepha le ndawo ye-patity itholakala kuphela kwe-16% yamacala.
Ama-cysts angenasisekelo kanye nalawo ayinkimbinkimbi nawo ahlukaniswa, lapho ama-fistulas, ukunqwabelana komoya noma ukulimala kwezindonga zesigcawu kubhekwa.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-pancreatitis esibuhlungu, i-cyst iba njengengxenye yesifo.
Ngokusho kwe-Atlanta ngezigaba, zihlukaniswe ngokwalesi simiso:
- i-acute - imithambo enjalo ayinazo izindonga ezicacile futhi ingakha emiseleni ye-gland, ku-parenchyma noma ku-fiber;
- okungapheli (i-subacute) - ama-cysts anomucu wamangqamuzana e-fibrous and granulation cell;
- i-abscess - iboniswa ukwanda ukwakheka nokuqongelela ubomvu emfuleni.
Izimbangela kanye nezinto ezicatshangelwe kusengaphambili
Ukwakheka kwe-pancreas kungabonakala kweziguli zobulili noma yobudala.
Izizathu ezinkulu ngenxa yalokho i-capsule yakhelwe kuzo yizifo ezivuthayo zesifo sezinsini, okungukuthi:
- ukulimala kwemishini;
- ukuba khona kwezimila esiswini;
- ukwephulwa kwe-patency ye-ducts yomzimba;
- i-pancreatitis eyingozi iyimbangela evame kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasm;
- ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic.
Izici ezivusa ukuqhamuka kwe-neoplasm zibandakanya:
- ukuhlinzwa okwedlule kwizitho zokugaya;
- izifo ze-endocrine;
- uphuzo oludakayo;
- isisindo ngokweqile;
- isifo se-gallstone.
Ngokwezibalo, isimila se-pancreatic sivame ukwakheka ngokumelene nesizinda se-pancreatitis esibuhlungu kanye nokuxhomekeka kotshwala.
Lezi zizathu zibiza ama-84 kanye nama-63% azo zonke izimo ze-pathology, ngokulandelana. Izindlela zokwenziwa kweCystic ezavela ngenxa yesifo se-gallstone kanye nokulimala kwe-gland zitholakala ku-14%.
Izimpawu ze-pathology
Isithombe somtholampilo ngokuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo sincike kwinani nosayizi wemfundo. Imithambo emincane eyodwa ayikhombisi zimpawu eziphinyisiwe, ngenkathi i-cyst ekhudlwana kune-5 cm izenza izizwe ngobuhlungu obukhulu.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyaphawulwa:
- Okokuqala, kubuhlungu obukhuphuka ngemuva kokudla nokuphuza utshwala nokushiswa ngemisebe ohlangothini lwesobunxele bese ubuyela emuva emuva. Ubuhlungu abupheli ngama-antispasmodics nama-painkiller.
- Ukudla kuyacasuka. Kukhona isiraphu emafutheni omafutha kanye nokwenyuka kwegesi okwenziwe emathunjini.
- Ukushintshwa kwezikhathi ezibuhlungu nezingenabuhlungu kuyimpawu. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kobuhlungu obukhali isikhathi esingangenyanga, izimpawu ziyanyamalala, emva kwalokho ziphindwe ngendlela ephinyiselwe ngokwengeziwe.
Futhi, iziguli zikhononda ngalokhu kuboniswa:
- umuzwa wesisindo ngaphansi kwembambo yangakwesobunxele;
- isicanucanu kuphenduka ukuhlanza;
- amazinga okushisa akhuphuka aze afike kuma-38 degrees;
- umlomo owomile nokuphelelwa amandla;
- ukuchama kaningi ngokukhishwa komthamo omkhulu womchamo.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-ducts we-bile aculwa yi-cyst, okuholela ekutheni kuphuzi kolwelwesi lwama-mucous lamehlo nesikhumba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumelene nesizinda sokubunjelwa kwe-cystic, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin kuyaphazamiseka, okuvusa ushintsho ekugxambeni kweglucose egazini futhi kungadala i-hypo- ne-hyperglycemia.
Ezigulini okutholakala ukuthi zine-cyst ekhanda enkulu, kubonakala ukubonakaliswa okuqinile kodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
Iyini ingozi ye-pancreatic cyst?
Isisindo esilinganiselwe esingatholakali ngesikhathi esifanele singadala imiphumela emibi:
- ukulimala kolwelwesi nokuphelelwa yisikhathi kokuqukethwe emgodini wesisu, okungaholela kokopha kanye ne-peritonitis;
- ukwanda kosayizi we-cavity kanye nomonakalo wezitho zomakhelwane;
- ukubukeka kokubola nezicubu ze-necrosis;
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-fistula.
Ingozi enkulu isemathubeni aphezulu wokuguqulwa abe yisimila somdlavuza.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola i-pathology ngesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa. Izifundo zokuxilonga zenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezingelusizo. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kwegazi nomchamo akuvezi.
Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko ku-ultrasound. Ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, lesi simila sichazwa njengendawo elula yokukhanya nokujikeleza okucacile ngemuva kwesizinda samanyikwe cishe amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-echogenicity ye-neoplasm izoncishiswa.
Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, i-computer tomography noma i-MRI inikezwa ngokwengeziwe. I-X-ray ayisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelashwa okuqondayo
I-pancreatic tumor kumele isuswe ngokuhlinzwa esimeni sesibhedlela.
Kepha uma imfundo ingeyodwa, inezici ezincane, inesizungu futhi ingasibangeli ukuthi kukhathazeke isiguli, khona-ke mhlawumbe ukuhlinzwa kuzolibaziseka futhi bazozama ukwelapha i-pathology ngezindlela zokubambelela.
Kulokhu, kukhethwa iqhinga lokulinda nokubona, ngoba i-cyst engaphansi kuka-2 cm ngosayizi ingaxazulula.
Ukwelashwa okulimazayo kungokulandelayo:
- ukuqapha njalo usayizi we-neoplasm kanye nesimo sezitho eziseduze;
- izidakamizwa ze-antibacterial zibekelwa ukuvikela ukutheleleka emgodini;
- ama-painkiller nama-enzyme anconyiwe;
- isiguli sinqunyelwe ukuphumula kombhede wesonto ngalinye kanye nokwenqaba imikhuba emibi;
- ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala isiguli sitshelwa ukuba senqabe ukudla, futhi ngokuzayo sinamathele ekudleni.
Ukudla kwe-neoplasm kufanele kuqashelwe zombili esimweni sokwelashwa okulondoloziwe, nangemva kokuhlinzwa kulo lonke impilo. Lokhu kuzodambisa indlala futhi kuvikele ukuvela kokubuyela emuva.
Ukudla okungenamsoco kusho okulandelayo:
- izitsha kufanele zenziwe ngokuphatha, ukubamba noma ukubhaka;
- ukudla ukudla njalo emahoreni amathathu ngezingxenye ezincane;
- imikhiqizo kufanele ibe ngumhlabathi omncane noma ocutshwe;
- faka ngaphandle izinsalela, amakhowe, isipayisi, okunamafutha, usawoti nokudla okuthosiwe ekudleni;
- nciphisa ukusetshenziswa koshukela, amaswidi namakhekhe;
- uyeke ukubhema, utshwala, ikofi, itiye eliningi noshukela;
- nika izintandokazi zemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi, imifino ebilisiwe nenamakhosi, izinkukhu ezinamafutha, izinhlanzi kanye nezitsha zokudla okusanhlamvu;
- Ezithombeni zokuphuza itiye eluhlaza, ama-decoction wezithelo, ama-juices, amanzi acacile nejelly ayavunyelwa.
Uma ukwelashwa okulondoloziwe kungalethi imiphumela, kuhlinzekwa ukuhlinzwa okuhleliwe.
Amasu wokuhlinzwa wanamuhla
Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kukhonjiswe kula macala alandelayo:
- ukwakheka okuningi kwe-cystic noma uma i-capsule ifinyelele usayizi ongaphezulu kuka-60 mm;
- i-cyst enciphisa imicu ye-bile futhi iholele ekugwinyeni kwe-bile;
- i-pathology ihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu;
- ukuqinisekisile isimo esibuhlungu se-patity.
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana.
I-Drainage noma i-sclerotherapy ye-patity ngokubhoboza i-cyst ngenaliti yokubhula.
Le nqubo yenziwa kanyekanye nge-ultrasound futhi isetshenziselwa i-cyst yomzimba noma ikhanda.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa, konke okuqukethwe kususwa ku-capsule bese kwethulwa into yamakhemikhali (i-sclerosing) noma kufakelwa isigaxa sokudonsa kuze kube yilapho uketshezi luyekiwe ngokuphelele.
Lolu hlobo lokungenelela kokuhlinza lubhekwa njengento ebuhlungu futhi empeleni aluholeli ezinkingeni.
I-Laparoscopy - izinketho ezinjalo zokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-cyst, yize zinokusizakala okuningi, kepha zingasetshenziswa kuphela nama-benign tumors.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ukufakwa okuncane kwenziwa emgodleni wesisu lapho kufakwa khona ucwaningo lwe-endoscopic bese kususwa ama-cysts:
- Isasasa. Uma i-capsule ingaphezulu kwe-gland, khona-ke iyavulwa futhi okuqukethwe kususwe. Ngemuva kwe-cavity yangaphakathi iphathwa nge-antiseptic futhi ikhuculwe;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yesitho. Kwenziwa esimweni se-cyst enkulu emgodini womzimba. Feza ukususwa kwe-neoplasm kanye nengxenye ye-gland uqobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubungozi bokuphinda uncishiswe;
- Operation Frey. Kwenziwa uma kunwetshwa umsele we-gland ngokwakhiwa kwe-cystic ekhanda lesitho. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa kwekhompiyutha kanye nekhanda, ukufakwa kolwelwesi lwesibeletho esincane esine-duct eyonakele kuyenziwa, okuhlinzeka ngokuphuma kwejusi lesisu.
I-Laparotomy - ukuhlinzwa kwesisu okwenziwa ngokwahlukana kodonga olungaphandle lwe-peritoneum. Ukungenelela okuhlukumeza kakhulu, kudinga isikhathi eside sokutakula, kepha kuyadingeka uma kungukulimala okulimazayo.
Umbono obanzi uvumela udokotela ohlinzayo asuse isimila ngaphandle kokulimaza igobolondo lakhe futhi avimbele ukusakazwa kokuqukethwe kuyo yonke indawo yesisu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ukubonwa kwe-cyst, ingxenye ye-gland noma isitho sonke kungenziwa. Lapho kukhona i-metastasis, kungenzeka ukuthi ususe izingxenye zezitho zomakhelwane.
Ngabe ama-pancreas angalashwa ngamakhambi abantu?
Izindlela ezihlukile azisebenzi ekulimazeni i-pancreatic tumors, noma kunjalo, ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa okunekhono, zingavimbela ukubuyela emuva ngemuva kokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-cyst noma zivimbela kakhulu ukukhula kokubumbeka kwe-cystic;
- Indlela elula kunazo zonke ukudla i-stonecrop. Ingangezelelwa kusaladi noma vele udle amaqabunga amathathu nsuku zonke.
- Bilisa ingilazi yamanzi bese uthele isipuni se-calendula ne-tansy, nesipuni sembewu enotshani. Imela amahora ambalwa uphuze ama-50 ml nsuku zonke amasonto ama-4.
- Yenza iqoqo lezingxenye ezilinganayo zama-stigmas ommbila, amaqabunga obhontshisi, ama-lingonberry, ama-sitrobheli namaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubilise 250 ml wamanzi bese uthele i-20 g yengxube. Hlela amahora angu-12 bese uhlunga. Amaviki amabili ekuseni ukuphuza i-100 ml yokumnika. Thatha isonto bese uphinda ukuqokwa.
- Indlela enhle ukuphatha amazambane. Grate the tuber ehlutshiwe bese udla 1 tsp. Imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. uginindela, kancane kancane ulethe ukuthunyelwa kwisipuni esikhulu. Phinda amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho wenze ukuphumula kwamasonto amabili bese ubuyela ekwamukelweni. Ungangena esikhundleni se-gruel ngejusi yamazambane asanda kufakwa bese uphuza nsuku zonke ngengilazi.
- Brew in ingilazi yamanzi abilayo 10 g we ingxube yarrow, calendula kanye celandine. Vikela amahora ambalwa nokuhlunga. Thatha i-50 ml yokumnika.
Uma ungaqali i-pathology, susa ukwakheka kwe-cystic ngesikhathi bese ulandela izincomo zikadokotela, khona-ke i-diagnostosis iyathandeka impela. Kuliqiniso, ukuthi kunamathuba okufakwa kwamaphashini amasha kumanyikwe, kodwa ukuhlolwa nokudla okujwayelekile, kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphindelela.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani:
Uma ukwakheka kubi kakhulu, khona-ke amathuba emphumela omuhle mancane, ngoba umdlavuza we-pancreatic awunakuphulukiswa futhi ubonakala ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokwanda kwama-metastases.
