Phakathi kokunye okuyingozi kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-insulin ukumelana nenkomba ye-insulin kubaluleke kakhulu. Kepha okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukumelana ne-insulin, kanjalo.
Leli gama liqukethe izinto ezimbili: ukumelana ne-insulin. I-insulin yi-hormone ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Umsebenzi wawo ukwehlisa ushukela ongena emzimbeni ukuze amaseli awuthathe futhi athole amandla awadingayo. Ukumelana - ukumelana, ukunganakwa komzimba esenzweni sanoma isiphi isici (umuthi, izifo, ukungcoliswa, izimuncagazi, njll.).
Ngakho-ke, ukumelana ne-insulin kusho ukungatheleleki komzimba kuma-hormone akhiqizwayo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-glucose metabolism, kuvimbela ukungena kwawo kumaseli, kanye nokwanda koshukela wegazi namazinga e-insulin.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumelana ne-insulin kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokwakhiwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II, kanye nezinye izifo eziningi ezimbi:
- Isifo senhliziyo se-Ischemic;
- i-coronary arteriosulinosis;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- isifo sohlangothi.
Ngaphezu komphumela we-hypoglycemic, i-insulin yenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile: ilawula ukwakheka kwamafutha namaprotheni, ithinta ukwakheka kwe-DNA, futhi ilawule ukukhula kwezicubu. Ngakho-ke, ukungavikeleki kwamaseli kuya ku-insulin kuholela ezinguquko ezingathi sína kokuqalwa kwamaprotheni namafutha, ukusebenza kwamaseli, njll.
Ngaphezu kokumelana ne-insulin, kukhona ne- "insulin resistance syndrome", noma i-metabolic syndrome. Lo mqondo ubandakanya yonke inkimbinkimbi yezimpawu zobuntu: ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-metabolic, ukukhuluphala kohlobo lwe-visceral, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ingozi eyandayo yesifo senhliziyo.
Izimbangela ze-Insulin Resistance
Njengezinye izimo eziningi, kwezinye izimo, ukumelana ne-insulin akuyona indlela yokugula.
I-insulin insulin insensitivity nayo ibonwa kubantu abanempilo ebusuku, ezinganeni zivame ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
Ukumelana ne-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma phakathi nesigaba sesibili somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nakho kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
I-pathology yokumelana ne-insulin ibhekwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Utshwala
- Ukukhuluphala kwesisu (isb., Fat ngokweqile kufakwa ikakhulukazi esiswini).
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela II.
- I-ketoacidosis.
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (isigaba sokuhoxa).
Kodwa-ke, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukumelana ne-insulin kungakhula ngaphandle kwezici ezilimazayo. Isibonelo, akuhambi ngaso sonke isikhathi isifo sikashukela. Futhi, ukumelana ne-insulin kungenzeka kubantu abangakhuluphele ngokweqile. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ku-25% yamacala, ngakho-ke kukholelwa ukuthi i-insulin insensitivity ingumlingani wokukhuluphala mina namadigri alandelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ukumelana ne-insulin kuhambisana nezifo ezilandelayo:
- i-acomegaly;
- ukungazali
- i-polycystic ovary;
- i-hypothyroidism;
- i-thyrotooticosis.
Izimpawu zokumelana ne-insulin zibonakaliswa kahle kuphela uma lesi sifo sesivele sithathe isimo esibi. Kulesi sigaba, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic sekuqalile ukwenzeka. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-pathology kunzima kakhulu ukuyazi.
Enye yezindlela zokuxilonga yizivivinyo ezikhethekile zokumelana ne-insulin.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-insulin
Njengamanje, ukubalwa kwenkomba yokumelana ne-insulin kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amafomula amabili: i-HOMA IR ne-CarO. Kepha okokuqala, isiguli kufanele sinikele ngegazi ukuze lihlaziywe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-homo kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubheka ubungozi bokuthola izifo ezingathi sína (isifo sikashukela, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi), kanye nokumelana ne-insulin kokuphazamiseka okuthile komzimba.
Inkomba ye-homo ibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula ekhethekile: izinga le-insulin (ukuzila ukudla) * ushukela wegazi (okusheshayo) / 22,5.
Izinguquko enkombeni yasekhaya i zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga elilodwa lalezi zinkomba. Uma izinga le-glucose lidlula izinga elijwayelekile, singakhuluma ngokumelana ne-insulin kanye nengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela, ukusebenza komthamo wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Okujwayelekile kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20-60 kubhekwa njenge-index ye-homa insulin yokumelana engu-0 - 2.7. Ngakho-ke, okujwayelekile ukuntuleka okuphelele kokuthola insulin, noma ukwanda okuncane. Inani elihluke kakhulu kulokujwayelekile liyisizathu sokuxilongwa kwe "insulin ukumelana" futhi libonisa ingozi enkulu yokuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene.
Amazinga kashukela we-plasma ahlukile kancane ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 yobudala, inkomba ejwayelekile isukela ku-3 iye ku-5, 6 mmol / l. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-14, izinga elijwayelekile lenyuka laya ku-4,4-5.9 mmol / L. Akukho mehluko owengeziwe ekuhlushweni okujwayelekile ngeminyaka. Okuqukethwe kwe-insulin ejwayelekile kusuka ku-2.6 kuye ku-24,9 μU / ml.
Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa alunqunyelwe i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kuphela, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izifo ezisolwayo, kufaka phakathi i-polycystic ovary syndrome, i-hepatitis B engapheli kanye ne-C, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi okubangelwa ukungabuphuzi utshwala.
Ukuze uthole umphumela onembile we-HOMA IR, kufanele ulandele yonke imiyalo kadokotela, ngoba izici ezahlukahlukene zingathinta umphumela:
- Isikhathi sokudla kokugcina (kunconywa ukuthatha i-biomaterial kuphela esiswini esingenalutho).
- Ukuthatha umuthi.
- Ukukhulelwa
- Kucindezelekile.
Ukunemba kokulandela imithetho yokulethwa kwe-biomaterial kuthinta kakhulu umphumela wokugcina.
Uhlobo lwesibili lokuhlola ukumelana ne-insulin yi-CarO. Ukuze uthole inkomba ye-caro, kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: inkomba ye-plasma glucose (mmol / l) / inkomba ye-insulin (mmol / l).
Ngokungafani nenkomba ye-homo, indlela ejwayelekile yenkomba ye-caro iphansi kakhulu: umphumela ofanele akufanele udlule i-0.33.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Insulin
Ukumelana ne-insulin isimo esidinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuyelapha akwenzeki kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka.
Isu eliqondile lokwelashwa elinenkomba ephezulu ye-insulin yokumelana ne-homa ir alikakakhiwa.
Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisiza ngokuphumelelayo ukwenza ngcono lesi simo.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinyathelo ziyefana nezinconyelwe uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II:
- ukudla
- ukusebenza komzimba okulinganiselayo;
- ukunciphisa umzimba.
Isici sengozi enkulu ukukhuluphala esiswini, lapho amafutha aqongelela khona ikakhulu esiswini. Unganquma uhlobo lokukhuluphala ngosizo lwefomula elula: i-OT (okhalweni lokujikeleza) / OB (umjikelezo we-hip). Umphumela ojwayelekile kwabesilisa awudluli kwe-1, kwabesifazane - u-0.8 noma ngaphansi.
Ukwehla kwesisindo kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ukumelana ne-insulin. Iqiniso ukuthi umsebenzi we-metabolic wezicubu ze-adipose uphakeme kakhulu. Nguye “onecala” lokuhlanganisa ama-acid amaningi, ophazamisa ukuthathwa kwe-insulin, empeleni, ukwandisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
Ukwehla kwesisindo okusebenzayo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba. Uhlobo lomsebenzi kufanele lukhethwe ngokuya ngamakhono akho, hhayi ukuzama "ukweqa ngaphezulu kwekhanda lakho." Into esemqoka lapha ukuhambisa okuningi. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba akunikezi kuphela usizo olukhulu ekunciphiseni isisindo, kepha futhi kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Umsebenzi usiza ukuqinisa izicubu lapho ama-80% wabo bonke ama-insulin receptors etholakala khona. Ngakho-ke, lapho izicubu zisebenza kangcono, yilapho ama-receptors enza umsebenzi wawo kangcono.
Phakathi kokunye, kuzodingeka uyeke imikhuba emibi: ukubhema kubambezela izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, futhi notshwala bunenkomba ephezulu ye-glycemic.
Kwezinye izimo, lapho ushintsho ekunakekelweni komzimba kanye nokwanda komsebenzi wesiguli kunganikeli imiphumela efunwayo, udokotela angakunikeza eminye imishanguzo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi zikhethwa ngokwahlukana ngokuya ngesimo sesiguli. Imvamisa, abakwaMetformin 850, Siofor, Glyukofazh, Aktos (okuvamisile kaningi) nabanye babekelwe ukuthi banciphise ukumelana ne-insulin.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, akunangqondo ukufaka ezinye izidakamizwa ngamakhambi abantu, ngoba lezi ezilandelayo azivezi mphumela.
Ngakho-ke, ungachithi isikhathi kubo futhi ugxile ekushintsheni ekudleni nasekusebenziseni ezinye izincomo zikadokotela ohambelayo. Kulokhu, amathuba okuthola amakhambi azoba ngaphezulu kakhulu.
Ukudla kokumelana ne-insulin
Ukudla okunenkomba ephezulu yokumelana ne-insulin akusho ukuthi yindlala. Kufanele kususelwe ezimisweni zokudla okunempilo. Yonke imikhiqizo enenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu ayifakwa kwimenyu: okokuqala, amazambane, amaswidi, isinkwa esenziwe ngofulawa kakolweni, ngoba kukhulisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-glucose egazini, okungamukeleki ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Kungcono ukufaka kwimenyu imikhiqizo eminingi enenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic. Lezo ezicebile ku-fiber zizolunga ikakhulukazi. Ukudla okunjalo kuzoba wusizo, njengoba kugaywa kancane, futhi ushukela ukhuphuka kancane kancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumenyu udinga ukufaka ukudla okunothe amafutha we-polyunsaturated. Inani lamafutha ase-monounsaturated, kunalokho, kufanele ancishiswe. Ukudla okugcwele emafutheni polyunsaturated kufaka ukwatapheya, kanye namafutha, njenge-olive noma ifilakisi.
Inani lokudla okunamafutha amaningi kufanele lehliswe (kungafakwa ibhotela, ukhilimu, iwundlu, ingulube, njll. Ekudleni). Futhi, imenyu kufanele ifake izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njengoba inothile ngamafutha e-omega-3, akhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin.
Imenyu ngaleso sikhathi sokwelashwa kufanele ifake izithelo ezintsha (izithelo ezisawolintshi, ama-apula, ukwatapheya, ama-apricots), amajikijolo, imifino (noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhabishi, ubhontshisi, isipinashi, izaqathe ezingavuthiwe, ibhungathi). Isinkwa sivunyelwe kuphela okusanhlamvu okuphelele noma ku-rye kafulawa. Kokusanhlamvu, i-buckwheat ne-oat kuzoba usizo kakhulu.
Omunye umkhiqizo okufanele uyeke ikhofi. Vele, lesi siphuzo sinempahla eminingi ewusizo, kepha ngokumelana ne-insulin kuzolimaza kuphela okuningi: i-caffeine ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
Izinguquko kuzodingeka zenziwe ekudleni uqobo. Okokuqala, akudingekile ukuvumela amahora angaphezu kwama-3-3,5 ukukhuphuka phakathi kokudla. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe kungumkhuba ukudla izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku, lo mkhuba kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshwe ekudleni okunempilo. Igebe elikhulu phakathi kokudla, ikakhulukazi ukubukeka kwendlala enkulu, libangela i-hypoglycemia.
Kubalulekile futhi ukubuka umbuso wokuphuza: ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kufanelekile ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile - okungenani amalitha ama-3. Uma irejimeni enjalo yokuphuza ingejwayelekile, akufanele ushintshe kuyo ngokushesha nje - izinso kungenzeka zingahambelani nomthwalo. Okokuqala, kungcono ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile, kodwa kancane kancane ulethe umthamo wamanzi ezingilazini eziyi-8 - 9 ngosuku. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngenkinga.
