Umbuzo wokuthi iyini ngempela i-atherosclerosis, isifo semithambo yegazi kuphela noma umzimba wonke, uyinkimbinkimbi impela.
Isimo ezindongeni zemithambo ye-compounds ekhethekile ye-cholesterol ne-protein - lokhu ezimweni eziningi kukhombisa ukungahambi kahle komzimba ngokujwayelekile.
I-Atherossteosis yisifo esikhohlisayo. Ungahlala iminyaka eminingi ungakhathazeki futhi unganakile ukuthi kunezinkinga, kuze kube yilapho kungazelelwe ukugula okungathí sina kumuntu, kumenze akhubazeke noma asuse impilo yakhe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Lesi sifo aselapheki. Awukwazi ukululama ngokuphelele futhi "uhlanze izitsha," njengezethembiso zokukhangisa ezingenangqondo, kepha unganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwazo uvikele nezinkinga.
Imiphumela ye-atherosclerosis imvamisa iyabulala, ngalokho-ke, "isitha kumele saziwe uqobo" futhi siqonde izinqubo kanye nemiphumela yaso ukuze sigweme inhlekelele.
Imvamisa, inkinga ye-atherosclerosis ibhekana nabantu asebekhulile. Eminyakeni encane kakhulu, amadoda maningi amathuba okuhlupheka, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amathuba okugula ayancishiswa. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-hormonal, umzimba wesifazane ubuye uzibeke ebungozini.
Ukuntuleka kwehomoni enjenge-estrogen ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis. Lesi sifo siqashelwa njenge-Psychology ejwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni, imiphumela yaso ukushaya kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi kanye nezinye izifo ezibulalayo.
Izici eziphambili ze-atherosulinosis
Kunezizathu eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology.
Akukho sivumelwano phakathi kwabaphenyi nge-etiology yayo.
Izinto eziningi zaziwa kudala futhi zafakazelwa, futhi ezinye “zingabasolwa” kuphela futhi ucwaningo lusaqhubeka, kepha ukuqapha kuyadingeka ngazo zonke izizathu.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezimbangela zentuthuko zibizwa ngokuthi:
- Isizungu. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi izici zofuzo zingcacisa izici zokwakheka kodonga lwe-vascular, eziba nomthelela ekubukekeni kwama-plaque.
- Ukubhema. Akungatshazwa ukuthi ukubonakala nokuthuthuka kwe-atherosclerosis kunolaka kakhulu kubabhemi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism ye-lipid - okuhambisana nesizinda se-hormonal (izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ngemuva kwehomoni, ngenxa yokuthi kwenziwa ikholesterol) noma indlela yokuphila engalungile. Le nto ibulala ngokukhethekile ngokuhlangana kwe-arterial hypertension kanye nokukhuluphala.
- Ukulimala kumphezulu wangaphakathi wemithambo lapho kungenwa amagciwane athile (i-herpes) noma i-chlamydia - theory isadinga ubufakazi, kepha kukhona okubonwayo.
- Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Autoimmune - iphutha empendulweni yokuzivikela komzimba, lapho amangqamuzana emithambo yazo ebonwa ngumzimba njengakwamanye amazwe.
- Ukwephulwa kohlelo lwe-antioxidant lomzimba nezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwesitho sokuxubha semisipha yemikhumbi, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-peroxide ne-monoclonal theory.
- Ukufakwa kweLipoprotein, okungukuthi, ukubekwa kwe-lipids ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ngemizimba engakacaci.
Kukhona eminye imibono, kepha noma ngabe siyini isizathu, indlela yokuphila, ukondleka, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuntuleka kwemikhuba emibi kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-pathophysiology yenqubo ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana.
“I-lipid ibala” esiteji sokuqala ithathelwa indawo yi- “plaque fluid”, lapho amadiphozi ahambile ayingozi ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kalula kwezingxenye ezithile kuwo, futhi inqubo igcina ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwama-deposithi ngenxa yokuqongelwa kwe-calcium kuwo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atheromatosis kuyisigaba sokugcina senqubo lapho izinhlaka zonakaliswa, zichithwe ngokwakhiwa kweziqalo zegazi nezilonda. Izingxenye zethala elibhuqiwe zingasakazeka ngemithambo ziye cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba nezitho zomzimba, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinzima.
Ama-atherossteotic plaque awathinti kuphela ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi - atholakala, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-valves enhliziyo noma kuma-tendon.
Ukuboniswa kanye nemiphumela ye-atherosulinosis
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-atherossteosis - lokhu ngemiphumela yayo, empeleni, sekuvele izinkinga, ngoba ekuqaleni "ungumbulali othule futhi ongasho lutho" ongadaleli izikhalazo.
Ngeshwa, kaningi ukuba khona kwe-atherosclerosis kubantu kwaziwa kuphela ngemuva kokufa.
Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ukuvele kwehliswe kancane kwe-lumen ye-artery kungaholela ku-ischemia, okungukuthi, ukuntuleka kokujikeleza kwegazi, futhi kubangele isiguli enkingeni enkulu.
I-Atherossteosis inezinhlangothi eziningi - kukhona i-lesion yendawo neyejwayelekile, futhi ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kubangelwa yindawo yendawo kanye nezinga lokuhlasela kwenqubo ye-pathological.
Icala elivame kakhulu yinqubo ebizwayo ye-atherosclerotic kusitho esisodwa noma ezimbili, ezinquma izimpawu zesifo.
Yiziphi izitho ezihlupheka kaningi?
Yini ethinta i-atherosclerosis? Ake sicabangele ukulandelana ngakunye ngokulandelana.
Ingqondo. Lapho imithambo yobuchopho noma imithambo ye-carotid ihlanganiswa ne-atherosmarkotic plaque, izingxenye zayo ezixhunyiwe, isb. I-emboli, noma ukuqhekeka komkhumbi nge-ulceration ye-plaque, kuba nesifo sohlangothi - ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwe-cerebral. Ukuvezwa kwayo kungahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike endaweni nosayizi wezicubu zobuchopho "ezifile". Ngeshwa, lesi ngesinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa nokukhubazeka kakhulu ezilondeni ze-atherosulinotic.
Inhliziyo Lesi futhi ngesinye sezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu ezihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo, i-angina pectoris, nokufakelwa okulandelayo kwesifo sikashukela, okungukuthi, i-necrosis yengxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo ngenxa yokunqamuka kokuphuma kwegazi.
I-Aorta. Umkhumbi obaluleke kakhulu futhi omkhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni womuntu uhlupheka kancane noma kaningi, kepha izilonda zawo zihlala zimbi kakhulu - i-aneurysm ye-aortic, okungukuthi, ukuncipha nokuhlukaniswa kwezindonga zayo ngokwakhiwa kohlobo “lwesikhwama”, okungaholela ekuqhekekeni - ezimweni ezinjalo, amandla okumisa omkhulu ukopha bese ugcine isiguli sikalwa ngemizuzu, noma ngisho nemizuzwana.
Izinso. Ukushoda kokujikeleza kwegazi ezinso kungenzeka kube okungapheli, okuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hypertension ye-arterial noma i-complication yento ekhona; futhi kungadala ukushaya okungazelelwe “okubukhali” ngokuqanjwa kwesifo sezinso kanye nokushayisana kwalo okukhulu, ngisho nokubulalayo.
Amathumbu. Yebo, futhi kunesifo se-ischemic bowel esinosongo lwentuthuko, okuthiwa i-mesenteric thrombosis - ingxenye yamathumbu necrosis ne-peritonitis. Kunzima kakhulu, kunzima ukuthola izifo, zivame ukubulala.
Imikhumbi yamaphethelo aphansi. Izimpawu - claudication intermittent, ulophic trophic ngisho ne-gangrene, okuwukuthi, izicubu ze-izicubu zegazi ngenxa yokushoda kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Imikhumbi ye-Fundus. Ukusuka kokopha okuncane okuncane ukuqeda ukulahleka kokubuka nokungaboni - lokhu kungukukhanya komonakalo wamehlo kulesi sifo.
Imvamisa, ukulimala kwemithambo ye-atherosrance kuyenzeka ezindaweni zamagatsha abo, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kungalingani khona ngazo zonke izindlela futhi izimo ezithandekayo zenzelwe ukubekwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni - lokhu kungaba yindawo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-artery ye-carotid kumagatsha angaphakathi nangaphandle, isigaba sokuqala se-renal noma segatsha lomthambo we-coronary arter.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Noma yimuphi udokotela onekhono okokuqala uzolalela izikhalazo ngokucophelela futhi aqoqe ama-anamnesis - okuwukuthi, ngokuningiliziwe uzobuza isiguli ngemizwa yakhe, imvamisa nokunikezwa kokukhula kwezimpawu, izifo ezihlangene nezici zofuzo.
Lapho esexilongiwe, udokotela uzobheka izimpawu zokuhluleka kokujikeleza ezithweni, ukuba khona kwengqayizivele ye "atherosseloticotic" ku-iris futhi ahlole "ikhwalithi" yokushayela emithanjeni efanelekile.
Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba, ungabheka amathuba kanye nenqubo yenqubo ye-atherosulinotic.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe - lokhu kungukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali we-biochemical kanye nephrofayili ye-lipid, nokuhlolwa kwe-dopplerografti, okuphindwe kabili, nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwemithambo yegazi ngokwethulwa kwe-ejenti ekhethekile yokuhlukanisa - konke lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sihlole ukujula komonakalo wemithambo yegazi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kusunguliwe. Okufanele ukwenze Insindiso enkulu ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, njengoba sekushiwo, ukuthi ingxenye enkulu inquma impumelelo yokwelashwa.
Kukhona namaqembu ambalwa wezidakamizwa enzelwe ukulungisa le nkinga:
- Umuthi ovame kakhulu yiqembu lama-statins (Atoris, Torvakard, Vasilip nabanye), izidakamizwa eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuzinzisa i-lipid metabolism futhi zivikele ukufakwa kwe-plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
- Iqembu lesibili - ama-antiplatelet agents (adume kakhulu futhi ajwayelekile - i-acetylsalicylic acid, Aspirin), avimbela i-thrombosis futhi athuthukise "ukugeleza" kwegazi.
- Endaweni yesithathu kukhona i-beta-blockers (Atenolol, Corvitol), "ethulisa" izicubu zenhliziyo, ukunciphisa imvamisa yezinkontileka, ukunciphisa isidingo sezakhi zomzimba, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi kanye nokulimala kwenhliziyo.
- Ama-inhibitors we-ACE (i-angiotensin-converting enzyme) - Prestarium, Enalapril - anciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi anciphise ukukhula kwe-atherossteosis.
- Ama-diuretics - futhi anciphisa umfutho wegazi, anciphisa umthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi, futhi ayingxenye yezidakamizwa eziningi ezihlanganayo.
- Abanye - ngokwesibonelo, ekwelapheni i-angina pectoris noma isifo sikashukela mellitus, esithinta nemiphumela ye-atherossteosis.
Uma ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa akwanele, sebenzisa izindlela ezinjenge-angioplasty, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, i-endarterectomy - okuwukuthi, ngomuthi wandise umkhombandlela we-artery ethintekile, buyisela ingxenye eyonakele noma uvumele igazi ligeleze ".
Uma kwenzeka imiphumela emibi - ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi - kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic, okungukuthi, ukuchithwa kwe-thrombus esikhathini esibi; ngeshwa, umphumela awukwazi ukutholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingadala ukopha.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-atherossteosis.
