I-Atherossteosis yisifo sempucuko. Ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu lempilo, ukunyakaza okungapheli nokucindezelwa kwengqondo, ukulala nokuphaphama kuyaphazamiseka, kuphulwa imithetho yokudla okunempilo.
Lezi nezinye izinto eziningi zithinta iqiniso lokuthi ku-pathology yesistimu yenhliziyo, izinguquko ze-atherosulinotic emithanjeni yegazi zithatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwezimbangela zokufa nokufa okuqhubekayo.
Indawo ekhethekile kulezi zibalo ihlalwa ngokuqothula i-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi yemikhawulo engezansi, njengesimo esinciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuphila kwesiguli futhi sibangele ukungakhululeki okukhulu.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ngalesi sifo nezimbangela zayo
I-Atherossteosis, noma i-metabolic arteriosclerosis, isifo esisehlelweni semikhumbi yohlobo olukhulu noluphakathi lwe-caliber elastic and elastic-muscular, ngokulandelana.
Ngokusho kwe-International Classization of Diseases (ICD-10), lesi sifo sabelwa iqembu le-atherosclerosis nekhodi engu-170.
Ngokuthuthuka kwe-pathology, udonga lwemikhumbi yokuvuselela yonakaliswa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhono lokwelula nokwenelelela amandla wokuphuma kwenhliziyo.
Iningi labantu yi-atherosulinosis - ukungena kwamafutha, ama-plaque anezinguquko ezincane eziphilayo atholakala ngisho nakwintsha eneminyaka eyi-14-15, kepha iqembu lengozi lifaka iningi labesilisa (isilinganiso sabesilisa abagulayo kwabesifazane abano-5 kuye ku-1) abadala kunamashumi amane.
Futhi, izici zobungozi, okungukuthi, izizathu ezandisa ithuba lesifo, zifaka:
- Iminyaka. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-21 emzimbeni womuntu, ukuvela kwe-thymus kwenzeka, okuyikhona okubangela ukwanda, ukuvuthwa kwamaseli we-immune cell immune, ngenxa yalokhu kunamathuba amaningi okulimala kwe-antigen wall wall, okungenye yezimbangela ze-atherossteosis. Futhi, njengoba iminyaka yobudala, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi ngokwemvelo kuncipha ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-collagen, okusheshisa ukugcwala kodonga nge-fat-protein detritus.
- Ukudla okungenampilo nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ukweqisa okwama-carbohydrate kanye namafutha we-trans ekudleni kuholela ekuntuleni kwezinhlelo ze-enzyme ezingakwazi ukubhidliza izinto ezingenayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol elintantayo ngokukhululeka egazini idluliselwa kuyi-endothelium odongeni lwesitsha futhi ihlala lapho, iqongelela.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca. Abantu ezweni lanamuhla abanyakazi kakhulu, futhi izicubu zenhliziyo ziqala ukukhombisa izimpawu ze-atrophy. Lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni kokugeleza kwegazi, kuyilapho izinto ezinamafutha zingangena kalula ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi oluhleliwe lwemithambo.
- Ukubhema. Ukuphamba njalo kanye nokuphumula kwemisipha ngenxa yesenzo sokusebenzisa i-nicotine into kuholela ekwephulweni kwe-infervation ekhuphukayo. Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwe-metasympathetic, oluchungechunge lwayo oluphelele kanye ne-ganglia olusodongeni, luphendula ngokungafanele imiyalo evela ebuchosheni. Ukulawulwa kwe-motility kuyaphazamiseka, i-artery iba inyamazane elula ye-fibrin namafutha.
Izizathu ezibangela ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-atherosclerosis zibandakanya ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme emzimbeni wesiguli.
Lezi zifo izikhathi eziningana zandisa amathuba okushintshwa kwe-atherosulinotic.
Isifo sikashukela siholela ekuhlukaniseni yonke imithambo ye-carbohydrate nemiphumela engaphezu kwekhulu ephazamisekile, kufaka phakathi i-oxidation yama-lipids yamahhala kumandla namanzi.
Ingcindezi eyandayo nayo inomthelela ekuvuvukaleni okushesha kwe-vascular endothelium nokuvuza kwayo ngokuxhamazela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, cishe wonke umuntu wakudala ophile kule planethi une-atherosulinosis.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-pathogenesis yalesi sifo
I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo ayikafundisiswa kahle, kepha izigaba eziphambili sezivele zidaluliwe. Esigabeni sokuqala se-dolipid sokushintshwa kwamanani we-minuscule, kunokuqhuma okuncane kwamangqamuzana, ukwanda kokuqina kwezilonda zawo, isizinda esandisiwe sokugcwala kwamafomu okuhambisa i-lipid nokungalingani kwabo (ukuze kugcinwe i-homeostasis, isilinganiso sokuxineka okuphezulu kwamazipoprotein aphansi esifundeni 4: 1 kufanele sigcinwe).
Esigabeni se-lipoidosis, ukwakheka kwamaseli we-xxoma wamafutha (okubizwa nangokuthi amaseli we-foam) kuyabhekwa, o-cytoplasm wawo ugcwaliswe ngamaconsi e-fat kanye ne-cholesterol. Ngama-Macroscopically, ngeso elinqunu, bakha amabala aphuzi nemivimbo esitsheni.
Esigabeni se-fibromatosis, ama-platelet anamathela kulokhu kuqhuma, abheka i-plaque ekhulayo njengendawo yomonakalo futhi ashesha ukuyifaka.
Kodwa lapho beqongelela, bavikela i-fibrin yodwa, bekhulisa isimo kuphela. I-plaque iyanda ngosayizi, ivimba i-lumen yomkhumbi futhi iphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi kwendawo ethile noma isitho.
I-Atheromatosis yisigaba esithuthukile, ngakho-ke, izinkinga ezikulesi sigaba kufanele zelashwe ngemithi. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba nezilonda ezihlukanisiwe nokuguguleka kodonga lomkhumbi.
Okokugcina kwayo yonke iphiramidi yezigaba eziningi ze-pathogenesis ukugcotshwa kwesigxobo ngosawoti we-calcium nge-ossation yayo elandelayo, i-petration.
Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo
I-Atherossteosis ayikhuli endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Lesi sifo sine-multifocal, sinezinto eziningi ezibhekwayo zenqubo ye-pathological emzimbeni wonke. Ukubonakaliswa kuncike ekwazini kwe-plaque kanye nezinga lentuthuko yalo.
Ubuhlungu obukhulu nokungahambi kahle kubangelwa yi-atherosulinosis yemikhumbi yendawo ephansi, enikezwe le khodi ngokusho kwe-ICD-10 170.2. Kulesi simo, i-plaque ivala ukukhanya kwemikhumbi emikhulu yemilenze, ilunga alitholi umoya-mpilo owanele kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Ekuqaleni isiguli sizwa isimungulu kuphela ezingxenyeni ezisendaweni eyisidina, sidonsa ngeminwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuhamba isikhathi eside, kuvela umuzwa ovuthayo onamandla, omisa kuphela ngemuva kokuma kanye nokuphumula okufushane. Imilenze yami ilimale kabi, futhi isiguli siyaxhuga. Ezigabeni ezilandelako, izilonda zamathambo namanxeba, i-spasmic generalized, i-lameness engapheli, ukuvela kwe-atrophy, Ubuhlungu buyehluleka ukubekezelela. Umphumela walesi simo yi-gangrene, ukunqunywa okulandelayo, noma ukufakwa kwethimba elihlanganisiwe lemikhumbi ebucayi.
I-aorta iyathinteka ekuqaleni, futhi lokhu kugcwele ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kokujikeleza kwegazi ekujikelezeni kwe-pulmonary. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko kulezi ziguli umfutho wegazi ophakeme. I-Aortic atherosclerosis ingahle ibangele i-aneurysm kanye ne-hemorrhage enkulu.
I-atherosclerosis yemithambo yenhliziyo iyingozi. Ngalesi kwasendaweni, i-IHD (isifo senhliziyo) kungenzeka ngenxa yokwehla komoya ophefumula emisipha yenhliziyo ngokuhlaselwa yi-angina. Ukugeleza kwegazi le-Coronary kukhubazekile, futhi amathuba okuthi i-myocardial infarction inyuke.
Izinguquko ze-atherossteotic emikhunjini yamakhemikhali zigcwele imemori ephazamisekile, ukuxhumanisa, ukudangala, ukuqwasha. Ingqondo itholakala kalula ku-ischemia, futhi amaqoqo ama-neural akasabuyiselwa emuva kokufa.
Ukuphazamiseka okuyinhloko kwefomu le-cerebral - unhlangothi, imbangela eyinhloko yokukhubazeka phakathi kwezifo zesistimu yenhliziyo.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis obliterans of the low decrease
Uma usola lokhu kugula okungathi sína nokuba khona kwezimpawu zokuqala, isiguli kufanele sibonane nodokotela oyi-phlebologist. Uzokwenza isifundo sezinhloso futhi anikeze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezisizayo nezelabhorethri.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlola kwegazi okujwayelekile nokwe-biochemical kwe-cholesterol, i-LDL, i-HDL, i-chylomicrons, i-triglycerides yamahhala.
I-Ultrasound yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-dopplerography, i-rheovasography, i-arteriography, i-x-ray isebenzisa umehluko wemithambo.
I-Pathology iphathwa ngezindlela zokulondolozwa ezigabeni zokuqala futhi ngokukhethekile ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa ezigabeni zakamuva.
Ungaphendukela kwisisombululo sezokwelapha enkingeni ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kophawu lokukhubazeka okukhulu.
Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Zinc-gelatin unamathisela i-Unna. Lo muthi ulahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwawo ngenxa yokwenqatshwa kosokhemisi ukukhiqiza izixube zabo namalungiselelo, kepha kusebenza kakhulu. Kuthuthukisa i-trophism emisipha, isetshenziswa ngokumelene nezilonda ezinamaqhubu futhi ihlanza imithambo yegazi endaweni yokufaka isicelo. Ilungiselelwe kusuka engxenyeni eyodwa ye-gelatin, ingxenye eyodwa yeZinc Oxide, izingxenye ezine zamanzi kanye nezingxenye ezine ze-glycerin. I-paste isetshenziswa ngemuva kokushisa kubhavu wamanzi, ngemuva kwalokho iboshwe.
- Izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zilinganisa izinga le-cholesterol ephelele ne-LDL. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Zokor, Cholestyramine, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Quantalan. Kukhona izifundo ezisekela le mithi ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Izinga le-cholesterol liguqulwa ngokulingene umuthi nokudla okunzima, kepha uma izinguquko ze-organic odongeni lomkhumbi sezenzekile, leli qembu liphelelwa wukusebenza kwalo.
- Ukwenza ngcono i-trophism, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha anempilo kanye nokusebenza kokujikeleza kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukusheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic kumaseli. Lawa ngama-Actovegin, Trental, amavithamini wamaqembu C, B, E endimeni yama-antioxidants kanye naphambi kokuqokwa kwezinto ezintsha zokubuyiselwa okusheshayo kwezakhiwo ezilimele.
- Ama-Angioprotectors anqunyelwe ukuvimba ubunzima futhi avimbele ukuqhubeka kwenqubo ye-pathological. Faka isicelo seParmidin, i-Quercetin, ne-Dicinon.
- Ukwelashwa okubonakalayo kwenziwa ngama-antispasmodics (Dibazol, Papaverine, No-Shpa, Pentoxifylline), ama-painkillers.
Izindlela zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa i-angioplasty ngaphansi kokulawulwa okwenziwa ngesandla, ukwethulwa kwe-arterial stent noma ukunwetshwa komkhumbi othintekayo kusetshenziswa i-balloon probe. Ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela kuphakeme kakhulu.
Kulula kakhulu ukuvikela isifo kunokuselapha. Endabeni yokuqothula i-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi, ukwelashwa kokudla kuboniswa ngaphandle kwenqwaba yamafutha ezilwane asetshenzisiwe nosawoti ongaphezu kwe-6 g ngosuku. Kuyadingeka ukuqeda umlutha, ukuhambisa okuningi bese uye ku-physiotherapy.
Ungayiphatha kanjani i-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
