Njalo ngonyaka, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siya ngokuya sikhula ebuntwaneni. Kokubili ingane enonyaka owodwa ubudala kanye nomfana wesikole oneminyaka eyishumi bangasithola lesi sifo.
Lesi sifo sibonisa ukwephula i-carbohydrate metabolism, lapho indlala yegilo ikhiqiza inani elincane le-insulin noma lingakhiqizi i-hormone nhlobo. Ukuze ukwelashwa kube ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuthola isifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula.
Njengomthetho, ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyishumi ubudala, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isiguli sihlola igazi nge-glucose. Kepha imuphi ushukela wegazi enganeni eneminyaka yobudala esikoleni?
Yiziphi izinkomba ezijwayelekile?
I-glucose yomzimba ingumthombo wamandla, ngoba iyadingeka ekulweni nawo wonke izicubu zezitho zomzimba, kubandakanya nengqondo. Futhi umthetho weshukela wegazi wenziwa kusetshenziswa i-insulin ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas.
Ushukela wegazi ophansi kakhulu ubonwa nge-sutra ngemuva kokulala ngokushesha. Usuku lonke, i-glucose egazini iyashintsha - ngemuva kokudla iyakhuphuka, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana iyazinza. Kepha kwabanye abantu, ngemuva kokudla, izinkomba zihlala zigcwele, lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni, okuvame kakhulu kubonisa isifo sikashukela.
Esimweni lapho inkomba kashukela incipha, i-insulin icishe imunce ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ingane izizwa ibuthakathaka, kepha ucwaningo lwelabhoratri luyadingeka ukuthola imbangela eqondile yalesi simo.
Engcupheni yesifo sikashukela yizingane:
- ukukhuluphala;
- labo abadla ngokungafanele lapho ama-carbohydrate asheshayo nokudla okusheshayo kunamandla ekudleni;
- iziguli ezinezihlobo zazo ezazinesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hyperglycemia engamahlalakhona ingakhula ngemuva kokugula okunegciwane. Ikakhulu uma ukwelashwa bekungalungile noma kungafanele, yingakho kuphakama izinkinga.
Izingane ezisengozini kufanele zihlolwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Ngale njongo, ekhaya noma ezimweni zelebhu, igazi le-capillary lithathwa emunweni lihlolwe. Ekhaya, bakwenza lokhu nge-glucometer, futhi esibhedlela, besebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
Kepha yini okufanele ibe yinto evamile yoshukela wegazi enganeni? Izinga le-glucose linquma ubudala. Kunethebula elikhethekile lezinkomba.
Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, okuhlushwa ushukela kuvame ukwehliswa. Kepha indlela ejwayelekile kashukela wegazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-10 icishe ifane nakuma abadala - 3.3-5.5 mmol / l.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kuyahluka ngezindlela zokuthola lesi sifo kwiziguli ezindala. Ngakho-ke, uma izinkomba ngaphambi kokudla ziphakeme kunenkambiso yeshukela emisiwe, khona-ke odokotela ababekeli eceleni ukuba khona kwalesi sifo, kodwa ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuhlaziywa kokulawula kwenziwa ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okukhulu komzimba. Uma umphumela ungaphezulu kwe-7.7 mmol / l, khona-ke kufanele uvakashele i-endocrinologist.
Izimbangela zokuguquguquka kokuhlushwa kweglucose
Kunezici ezimbili eziholayo ezinethonya inani likashukela ku-plasma yegazi ezinganeni. Owokuqala ukuqina kokuqina kwezitho zomzimba ezibhekene nesizinda sehomoni. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kokuphila, ama-pancreas, ngokuqhathaniswa nesibindi, inhliziyo, amaphaphu nobuchopho, akubhekwa njengesitho esibaluleke kangako.
Isizathu sesibili sokuguquguquka kwamazinga kashukela yizigaba ezisebenzayo zokuthuthuka. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyi-10, kuzuba ushukela kuvame ukubonwa ezinganeni eziningi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphuma kwehomoni okunamandla kwenzeka, okwenza zonke izakhi zomzimba womuntu zikhule.
Ngenxa yenqubo esebenzayo, ushukela wegazi uguquka njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-pancreas kufanele asebenze ngemodi ebanzi ukuhlinzeka umzimba nge-insulin ebamba iqhaza ku-metabolism yamandla.
Ezimweni ezingama-90%, iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 zitholakala zinhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, lapho ama-pancreas engakhiqizi i-insulin. Kulesi simo, ingane iba ne-hyperglycemia engapheli. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, eminyakeni eyi-10, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singakhula, esisizwa ukukhuluphala kanye nokuvela kokumelana kwezicubu kwi-hormone.
Ezimweni eziningi, isifo sikashukela ezinganeni zesikole sikhula sinesimo sofuzo. Kepha, lapho ubaba nomama behlushwa i-hyperglycemia, khona-ke amathuba akhuphuka afike ku-25%. Futhi uma oyedwa wabazali egula nesifo sikashukela, khona-ke amathuba okuqala kwalesi sifo ayi-10-12%.
Futhi, ukwenzeka kwe-hyperglycemia engapheli kunikelwa yi:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinzima;
- isimila kumanyikwe;
- ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ngama-glucocorticoids nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal okwenzeka e-gland yegilo, i-pituitary gland, i-hypothalamus noma i-adrenal gland;
- ukulethwa okungalungile kokuhlolwa;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla okunamafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate.
Ngaphezu kwe-hyperglycemia, ingane ingakhula i-hypoglycemia, ngoba izingane zihlala zisebenza, ngakho-ke imizimba yazo isebenzisa izitolo ze-glycogen kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwe-glucose kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulamba, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic kanye nengcindezi.
I-malaise ibuye ibe yinto engemuva kokulimala, ama-NS tumors kanye ne-sarcoidosis.
Ungalinquma kanjani kahle izinga le-glycemia?
Njengoba izici ezihlobene nobudala zingaholela ekushintshashintsheni kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ukuthola umphumela onembile kunayo yonke. Ngakho-ke, amahora angama-10-12 ngaphambi kocwaningo, kufanele wenqabele ukudla. Kuvunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi, kepha ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe.
Ukuthola i-glycemia ekhaya, umunwe wendandatho ubhobozwa kuqala nge-lancet. Ukuwa kwegazi okuhogelwayo kufakwa engxenyeni yephepha, okufakwa kuyo imitha futhi ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa kukhombisa umphumela.
Uma amanani wokuzila ephakeme ngaphezu kwe-5.5 mmol / L, khona-ke lesi yisizathu sezifundo ezengeziwe. Imvamisa, kuvame ukwenziwa isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela.
- isiguli siphuza i-75 g yesisombululo sikashukela;
- ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120 igazi lithathwa liyohlolwa ushukela;
- emva kwamanye amahora ama-2 udinga ukushesha ukuze uphinde ukuphinda uhlaziye.
Uma izinkomba zingaphezu kuka-7.7 mmol / l, khona-ke ingane itholakala nesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emzimbeni okhulayo, izinkomba zingahluka futhi kaningi azibukelwa phansi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isizinda se-hormonal ezinganeni sisebenza kakhulu, ngakho-ke sitholakala kakhulu ezicini ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, isiguli sithathwa njengesifo sikashukela, kusukela eminyakeni eyi-18, lapho izinga lakhe loshukela lisuka ku-10 mmol / l. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela enjalo kufanele iphawulwe esifundweni ngasinye.
Kodwa noma ngabe ingane iye yatholakala nesifo sikashukela, abazali akufanele baphelelwe yithemba. Okokuqala, kufanele ufundise umuntu onesifo sikashukela ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila ethile.
Ngemuva kwalokho ukudla kwesiguli kufanele kubuyekezwe, imikhiqizo eyingozi nama-carbohydrate asheshayo kufanele ingafakwa kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunamathela kuzo zonke izincomo ze-endocrinologist futhi unikeze ingane umsebenzi olinganiselayo womzimba. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa ukuthi sikhula kanjani isifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
