Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo e-carotid siyindlela yokusebenza evamile eyaziwayo, okuthi, ngenxa yokuqina kwempilo yanamuhla, muva nje isencane kakhulu.
Lesi sifo sikhinyabeza ukuvela kwezinkinga ezibucayi ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni, okuholela ekuphazamisweni kobuchopho.
Ingozi yalesi sifo ilele lokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo emgodini womthambo we-carotid endaweni engaphakathi odongeni lwe-vascular kukhona ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol deposits ngendlela yamaphothi.
I-atherosulinotic plaque ku-carotid artery iholela ekuvaleni kokukhanya kwesithambo, okuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile ezicutshini zobuchopho, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwayo, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-pathology kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha, ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo.
Izimbangela ezinkulu zalesi sifo
Kwisimo esifanele, imithambo ye-carotid kufanele isebenze kahle.
Umsebenzi wale mithambo yegazi ukuhlinzeka ubuchopho ngegazi elanele. Igazi lihlinzeka ngamaseli ezinzwa ngokudla kanye nomoya-mpilo futhi lithwale kude nawo imikhiqizo yemisebenzi yawo ebalulekile.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, phakathi kokusebenza kwazo, izindonga zemithambo ye-carotid ingxenye ethile ziyalahlekelwa ukuqina futhi zingancipha.
Ukwehla kokukhanya okungaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokushintshwa kwezinga le-elasticity kwenzeka ngenxa yokubekwa kokufakwa kwemali kwe-cholesterol engaphezulu kwangaphakathi kodonga lwe-vascular.
Ukulimala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi engeyona into kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningi.
Kuze kube manje, umuthi awuzange uqalise ngokweqiniso zonke izimbangela zokuthuthuka kwe-atherosclerosis emzimbeni.
Odokotela bakhuluma ngezinto zobungozi eziba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-pathology.
Izici ezilandelayo zengozi ziyahlukaniswa:
- ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi kumuntu, njengokubhema ugwayi nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala;
- i-arterial hypertension - ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezitho zezitho zokutholwa kwangaphakathi;
- i-pathology ezinqubweni ze-metabolism yamafutha;
- ukudla ukudla okulimazayo nezinkinga zokudla ezinconywe udokotela oholayo;
- isethulo sofuzo ekuthuthukiseni izifo;
- ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo okucindezelayo emzimbeni;
- ukugcina indlela yokuphila yokuphila ngokuzivocavoca okwanele;
- ukuba khona emzimbeni wemiphumela yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuphazamiseka esimisweni sokuzivikela komzimba - i-autoimmune pathologies;
- ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela kumuntu;
- ukuba khona kwezinga elikhulayo ku-plasma yegazi yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-lipoprotein ephansi nephansi kakhulu.
Imvamisa, izici eziningana zobungozi zikhona emzimbeni womuntu ohlushwa yi-pathology, futhi zisebenza ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Umphumela onjalo emzimbeni usheshisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kungahle kube ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-aneurysm noma i-dysplasia ye-carotid artery.
Izimpawu zokubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology
Isici esibonakalayo sokulimala kwezitho zesifo se-atherosulinotic ukuthi emabangeni okuqala wokuthuthuka kwayo akunazimpawu.
I-pathology ye-Vascular esezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zobuntu, kunzima ukuyithola. Imvamisa, udokotela uthola ubukhona besifo esivele sikhona kulezo zigaba lapho ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kufinyelela ezingeni elichazwe kahle.
Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa eziphakamisa ukuba khona kwesifo esigulini.
Isiguli kufanele sixwayiswe ngokubonakala kokuhlasela okuhamba ngokushesha kwe-ischemic.
Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zokuhlaselwa okunje yilezi:
- Ukuvela kokudinwa nokuqina kwesigamu somzimba.
- Ukuvela kokulunywa emilenzeni.
- Ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yokukhuluma, imvamisa kuleli cala, inkulumo iba semthethweni.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo esweni elilodwa.
- Ukuncipha kokuzwela kwengalo eyodwa.
Lapho inqubo yokuqhubeka kwezifo, lezi zibonakaliso ziya ngokuya zikhanya futhi zibonakale njalo. Isikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwesikhashana siqala ukwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izimpawu ezibonakaliswa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi emithanjeni ye-carotid nakho kuyisiqalo sokuthuthuka kwesifo sohlangothi.
Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi uhambo lodokotela ohambelayo akufanele luhlehliswe.
Izinketho zokukhulisa lesi sifo nezindlela zokuxilongwa kwaso
Inkinga eyingozi kunazo zonke evela ekushintsheni kwe-atherosulinotic kuma-carotid artery is stroke.
Uma kungekho zindlela zokwelapha ezihlose ukuqinisa isimo sezempilo, ama-cholesterol plaque akhuphuka ngosayizi kuze kube yilapho imithambo yegazi ivinjiwe.
Kunokukhethwa okuningana kokukhula kwesifo uma kwenzeka kwenzeka i-vasen stenosis.
Okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko okulandelayo:
- Kunokwehla okuqhubekayo kokugeleza kwegazi eliqhamukayo kumaseli ebuchosheni.
- Ukuqothulwa kwamathafa we-atherosselotic. Njengomphumela wentuthuko yesimo esinjengalesi, izindawo ezihlanganisiwe ezinokugeleza kwegazi eziya emithanjeni emincane zisatshalaliswa ngokuqhuma kwazo okulandelayo. Lesi simo sivimba ukunikezwa kwegazi okujwayelekile ezindaweni ezithile zezicubu zobuchopho, okuholela ekufeni kwezicubu.
- Ukuvaleka kolamula wesitsha ngumuntu owakhelwe igazi - i-thrombus. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yokuqhuma kwepulangwe nokuqongelela endaweni yokuqhekeka kwamapuleti. Amapulatifomu akha i-beg yegazi. Endabeni yokwakheka kwegazi elikhulu, liqala ukunciphisa ukupompa kwegazi, okuholela kokuthuthumela kwe-apoplexy.
Ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-pathology, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuxilonga ezisetshenziswa elebhu kanye nezinsimbi.
Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwesiguli kuyadingeka.
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kuqala ngomlando. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wembula ukuba khona kwezinto eziyingozi kulesi sifo.
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwesiguli, ukulalela imithambo ye-carotid kuyisibopho.
Futhi, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa. Inani elikhulayo lalesi sikhombisi lingakhombisa ubukhona bokwephulwa emsebenzini we-carotid artery.
Isigaba sokuhlolwa esiphoqelekile ukuhlolwa i-ultrasound scan nge-Doppler ukuskena kwemithambo yegazi. Sebenzisa le ndlela yokuxilonga kuphephile ngokuphelele futhi ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokufanele isifo.
Uma kwenzeka ungabaza izinkomba zokuxilonga, izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo, njengokuthi:
- I-tomography ehlanganisiwe - inqubo evumela ukuthi wena unqume ngokunembile ukwakheka komkhumbi we-arterial, ngoba ukuhlolwa ngale ndlela kudinga ukwethulwa kwento ehlukile emgodini wegazi;
- imaging kazibuthe;
- ukuhlolwa kwemithambo nge-angiography kusetshenziswa amakhompiyutha wokuqhathanisa.
Indlela yokugcina yokuhlola ayisetshenziswa kakhulu muva nje, ngoba ingaba nomthelela ekwehlukaniseni i-plaque kanye nokufuduka kwalo ngokuqhubekayo ngohlelo lokujikeleza
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-carotid
Esimweni lapho i-atherosclerotic plaque ku-lumen yomkhumbi ingakhiwa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi yakhula, okuholela ekunikezelweni kwegazi okungalungisiwe kwezicubu zemizwa, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kuqale ngokushesha.
Kulesi simo sokufakwa kwe-cholesterol, okushiwo ukwelashwa akuyona ukuqeda isimo, kepha ukuvikela ukunqotshwa kwaso. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma kwenzeka kuqhuma ulwelwesi, amafomu wegazi emzimbeni endaweni ye-plaque, ongadala ukuqina.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukujwayezwa kwe-plasma cholesterol. Njengomthetho, ukukhula kwama-deposits kuyayeka uma izinga le-LDL ne-VLDL emzimbeni selilungiswa.
Ukuthola imiphumela emihle yokwelashwa, isiguli sinconywa ukuba silandele indlela ekhethekile yokudla.
Ngenqubo yokwelashwa, zombili izindlela zokwelashwa nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukujwayeza ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kumaseli obuchopho.
Imithambo ye-carotid yimizila eyinhloko yokuhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni, ngakhoke, ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa kuncike esimweni sawo.
Lapho wenza ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zokwelapha, kusetshenziswa imishanguzo ehlobene namaqembu ahlukahlukene wezidakamizwa.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, udokotela, ngokususelwa emiphumeleni yayo, ukhetha uhlu oluningi kakhulu lwezidakamizwa ezidinga ukuphuzwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Njengomthetho, ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, kusetshenziswa indlela ehlanganisiwe, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa amaphilisi angawamaqembu alandelayo emithi:
- Izimo
- Izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet.
- I-Nicotinic acid
- Fibrate kanye nabanye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumele kuhambisane nokuhambisana nokudla kanye nokwenyuka komzimba emzimbeni.
Uma kungekho miphumela emihle ekwelashweni kusetshenziswa imithi noma uma isifo sitholakala sisesimweni sokunganakwa, lapho i-plaque ifinyelela usayizi obalulekile futhi icishe ifihla ngokuphelele i-lumen yomthambo wegazi, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlinzwa yokwelapha.
Indlela yokungenelela kokuhlinza inqunywa ngudokotela ohlinzayo we-vascular, ebheka imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kanye nezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli.
Esigabeni samanje, kusetshenziswa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-atherosclerosis of the carotid artery:
- i-carotid endarterectomy;
- i-laser plaque coagulation;
- i-artery stenting.
Indlela yokuqala ikuvumela ukuthi ususe i-plaque ngokubonakala komkhumbi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser kuvumela ukuthi kususwe ama-deposits ngaphandle kokubekwa obala, futhi ukufakwa kwesiqu kwenza sikwazi ukubuyisela ubunikazi bomkhumbi ngokwandisa izindonga zaso.
Enye yezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe inoluhla lwayo lwezinkomba kanye ne-contraindication ukuze isetshenziswe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-atherosclerosis iyindlela yokugula engeke yelaphe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe impilo, isiguli sidinga ukulandela ukudla okunconyelwe impilo futhi silandele konke ukunconywa kukadokotela.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kanye nokuqashelwa kwalesi sifo
Esimweni lapho kukhulunywa nge-atherosclerosis yemithambo enikezela ngegazi ebuchosheni, noma imuphi umuthi wokuzelapha ubanjiwe. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amakhambi abantu ukwelashwa, kunconywa ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ngalolu daba. Ukusetshenziswa okuzimele kwanoma yiziphi izindlela kungabiza umuntu impilo.
Amakhambi we-Folk anconywe udokotela kufanele asetshenziswe ukwenza impilo ibe yodwa ngokuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile ebekiwe.
Njengomthetho, odokotela batusa ukuthatha ama-decoctions ama-rose okhalweni ne-hawthorn. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugarlic, u-anyanisi, ulamula nama-beet asiza ukushisa i-cholesterol.
I-prognosis yentuthuko yesifo ihlanganiswa. Kulokhu, imiphumela yenkambo yesifo ithonywa yizinto eziningi nezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli.
Esimweni lapho ukugula kubonakaliswa khona ekuqaleni kwamazinga okuqhubekela phambili, i-diagnostosis iyathandeka, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela efanelekile kuhlangene nokudla kunganciphisa kakhulu noma kumise ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology.
Uma lesi sifo sitholakala esigabeni sokugcina, amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezinjengokushaywa unhlangothi nokushaya kwenhliziyo kukhuphuka kaninginingi, okungadala umphumela obulalayo.
I-Carotid arteriosulinosis ichazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
