I-Atherossteosis yisifo esingapheliyo, esithuthuka ngokuqina samathambo lapho i-cholesterol ethe xaxa iqoqana khona odongeni lwe-vascular futhi yakha izingqimba.
Ukubekwa okungapheli kwezinto ezintsha ku-plaque ekhona kuholela enqubekweni engapheli yokuvuvukala esikebheni, kunciphisa udonga lwayo futhi kunciphise i-lumen yayo.
Isici sokugcina sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukunciphisa i-lumen ye-vascular kuholela ekusakazweni okungahambi kahle kanye ne-ischemia (ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen) yezitho ezihambisanayo.
Izitho eziyinhloko ezihlushwa yilokhu ubuchopho, inhliziyo, izinso, amathumbu nemilenze ephansi.
Izimbangela zesifo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis kungaba nomthelela kwizizathu eziningi. Okwamanje, ucwaningo aluzimisanga ngokuthembekile izimbangela eziba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Abaphenyi bakhomba izici eziningana ezingavusa ukubukeka kwesifo.
Phakathi kwazo, izici ezilandelayo zobungozi zihlukaniswa ngokukhethekile:
- Ukuqagela kwezakhi zofuzo - izehlakalo ze-atherosclerosis ezihlotsheni eziseduze zivame ukubonwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “umlando osindayo womndeni”;
- Khuluphele - akusizi kunoma ngubani ukufaka ama-kilos, futhi ku-atherosclerosis yisimo nje esihle, ngoba ukukhuluphala kuphazamisa zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism, kufaka phakathi i-lipid metabolism;
- Ukuhlukumeza utshwala - kuthinta kabi zonke izitho nemithambo yegazi, kuguqula kancane kancane ukwakheka kwabo;
- Ukubhema - i-nicotine inomphumela omubi emaphashini, ikhuphula ukuqina kodonga lwe-vascular, ikwenza kube brittle kakhulu futhi kungabi nokuqina;
- Abesilisa baqala ukuqaphela ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-atherosulinosis ngokwesilinganiso eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambili kunabesifazane, futhi bagula kaningi kakhulu;
- Ubudala - kudlala indima enkulu ekwenziweni kwalesi sifo, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 umzimba uba sengozini yokuncipha kwezinqubo ze-pathological;
- Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus mhlawumbe singesinye sezizathu eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba isifo sikashukela sakha ukulimala kwemikhumbi emincane nemikhulu (i-micro- ne-macroangiopathy), enomthelela kuphela ekubekweni kwamachweba e-atherosranceotic ezindongeni zawo;
- Indlela yokuphila yokuzinikela - ngenani elincane lokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, noma yimuphi umuntu uqala ukuqala ukuthola isisindo, bese inqubo isivele yaziwa;
- Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, ikakhulukazi - ukwehla kwenqwaba yama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu, "abalungile", hhayi i-cholesterol ye-atherogenic;
- I-Metabolic syndrome yigama elijwayelekile lokuboniswa okunjengokuqina komfutho, ukukhuluphala kohlobo olulinganiselwe (idiphozi eningi yamafutha esiswini), i-triglycerides ephezulu nokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engalunganga (kungaba yi-harbinger yesifo sikashukela);
- Ukucindezelwa kaningi, okuhlangenwe nakho, imithamo egcwele ngokweqile - ngenxa yabo, ukucindezela kuvame ukukhuphuka, nemikhumbi, nayo, ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhala esikhulu.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokwehlukana ukuthi phambi kwezifo ezilandelayo, i-atherosulinosis iqhubeka ngesithombe somtholampilo futhi inzima ngokwengeziwe.
Izifo ezinje yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- Umfutho wegazi we-Arterial;
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Isifo sikaRaynaud;
- I-fibrillation ye-Atrial;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu lezifo lifaka phakathi iziphazamiso zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.
Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi une-atherosulinosis
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-atherossteosis zixhomeke ikakhulu kusayithi lokubekwa emafeketini e-atherosclerotic, okungukuthi, kulapho umkhumbi kulinyazwa khona. Emzimbeni womuntu, odokotela bathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ezindaweni ezakhiwe kahle endaweni. Imikhumbi emikhulu futhi ephakathi nendawo enama-ungqimba athuthukile yemisipha iyatholwa yilesi sifo.
Le mikhumbi emzimbeni yile:
- Imithambo ye-Coronary.
- I-Aorta.
- Imikhumbi ye-cerebral.
- Imithambo ye-Mesenteric (noma mesenteric).
- Imithambo yethambo.
- Imithambo yemikhawulo ephansi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwemikhumbi ye-arterial lunezici zalo ezakhiweni ze-anatomical.
Izici zesakhiwo se-anatomical zinomthelela obonakalayo enkambeni yesifo kanye nokubonakala kwayo okuyinhloko emzimbeni, okuye kwenzeka ngezinguquko ze-pathological.
Ngokuya ngokuthi yimiphi imikhumbi ethintekile, izinhlobo eziningana ze-pathology ziyahlukaniswa, ezahluka ngokubukeka kwezimpawu zokubonisa izimpawu ngenkathi kuqhubeka inqubo.
Izici ze-Vascular kanye nezimpawu zokubonisa ze-atherosulinosis
Imithambo ye-Coronary - ithwala igazi elinothile oksijini enhliziyweni. Lapho zonakalisiwe, i-myocardium ayitholi umoya-mpilo owanele, futhi lokhu kungaziveza ngendlela yokuhlaselwa kwe-angina enobuntu.
I-Angina pectoris iyisibonakaliso esiqondile sesifo senhliziyo (CHD), lapho iziguli zizwa khona ukushiswa okuqinile, kobuhlungu obucindezelayo ngemuva kwe-sternum, ukufushane komoya nokwesaba ukufa. I-Angina pectoris ibizwa nge-angina pectoris.
Izimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komzimba okuhlukahlukene, noma kunjalo, ngezinqubo ezinzima zokugijima, zingaphazamisa ukuphumula. Ngemuva kwalokho zitholakala nokuphumula kwe-angina pectoris. Ukulimala okukhulu emithanjeni kungaholela ekufakweni kwe-myocardial - necrosis ye "necrosis" yesayithi le-myocardial. Ngeshwa, cishe isigamu samacala, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungaholela ekufeni.
I-Aorta - I-arch evame ukuthinteka kakhulu Kulokhu, izikhalazo zeziguli zingangacaci, ngokwesibonelo, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehluleka, izinhlungu esifubeni esincane.
Imithambo ye-Cerebral (imithambo ye-cerebral) - inophawu olubekiwe. Iziguli ziphazanyiswa ukukhubazeka kwememori, ziba othinta kakhulu, imizwa yazo ihlala ishintsha. Kungahle kube nokulimala kwekhanda nezingozi zesikhashana ze-cerebrovascular (ukuhlaselwa kwesikhashana kweschemic). Ezigulini ezinjalo, uphawu lweRibot luphawu: bangakhumbula ngokuthembekile izehlakalo zeminyaka eyishumi eyedlule, kodwa bacishe bangasho ukuthi kwenzekeni ngosuku noma ezimbili ezedlule. Imiphumela yokwephulwa okunjalo ayimnandi kakhulu - isifo sohlangothi singakhula (ukufa kwengxenye yobuchopho).
Imithambo ye-Mesenteric (noma i-mesenteric) - kulokhu, imithambo edlula ebunzini besisu iyathinteka. Inqubo enjalo ayivamile. Abantu bazokhathazeka ngeminjunju evuthayo esiswini, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla (ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo). Umphumela owedlulele ungaba ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kanye nokulimala okulandelayo.
Imithambo yezinso yizinqubo ezimbi kakhulu. Okokuqala, iziguli ziqala ukwandisa ingcindezi, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyinciphisa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-renal (sekondari, uphawu). Kungaba khona nobuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar, ukuphazamiseka okuncane lapho uchama. Inqubo enkulu ingaholela ekukhuleni kwehluleke kwezinso.
Imithambo yemikhawulo ephansi - lokhu kufaka phakathi okwesifazane, okuvelelayo, okubucayi kanye nemithambo yonyawo lwangemuva. I-atherossteosis yabo ivame ukweqisa, okungukuthi, ixhumanise ukukhanyisa komkhumbi.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala yi- "intermittent claudication" syndrome - iziguli azikwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuma. Ngokuvamile kufanele ziyeke ngoba zikhononda ngokuxineka kwezinyawo nemilenze, umuzwa ovuthayo kuzo, isikhumba esimile noma i-cyanosis, umuzwa "wokuqubuka". Ngokuqondene nezinye izikhalazo, zivame ukuphazamisa ukukhula kwezinwele emilenzeni, ukuncipha kwesikhumba, ukubukeka kwezilonda ezinde ezingapholi isikhathi eside, kuguqula ukwakheka nombala wezipikili.
Noma yikuphi ukulimala okuncane esikhunjeni kuholela kwizilonda ezindexekile, ezingagcina zikhula zaba yi-gangrene. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi banakekele izinyawo zabo, bagqoke izicathulo ezingaxubeki ngokungafanele, bangazidli izinyawo futhi bazinakekele kakhulu.
Ukudonsa kwemithambo yethambo yemikhawulo engezansi nakho kungashabalala.
Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-atherosulinosis
Ukuxilongwa kwe-atherosclerosis kususelwa kumibandela eminingana. Okokuqala, izikhalazo zesiguli ziyahlolwa, futhi kuya ngazo, umuntu angaqagela kuphela lapho kwenzeka khona izinguquko. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa kokuqala, izindlela zokucwaninga zaselebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zinqunyelwe.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokucwaninga elebhu, kukhethwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi elinamakhemikhali, okuzohlola izinga le-cholesterol ephelele. Imvamisa nge-atherosclerosis, izokwandiswa. Isimo se-cholesterol isiyonke ngu-2.8-5.2 mmol / L. Ukuze uthole isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi yokwakheka kwe-lipid kwegazi, kuchazwa iphrofayili ye-lipid. Ibonisa amazinga azo zonke izinhlobo zama-lipid emzimbeni wethu:
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- density lipoproteins ("kubi" cholesterol);
- i-lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu;
- kwabantu abaphakathi kwe-lipoprotein;
- density lipoproteins ("okuhle" cholesterol);
- triglycerides;
- chylomicrons.
Izinguquko ezijwayelekile kuphrofayili ye-lipid zingukukhuphuka kwezinga le-lipoproteins ephansi kanye nokwehla kwenani lamazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein.
Ukubonwa kweziguli okunembe ngokwengeziwe, kuthunyelwa i-angiography (ukuhlolwa kwamathambo ngokufakwa kwesehlukisi esehlukile), i-intravascular ultrasound, i-computer tomography (CT) kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Lezi zindlela zikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwemithambo yegazi, ukunquma izinga le-stenosis (unciphise) futhi uvikele ukulimala okwengeziwe.
Amaqhinga okwelapha i-atherossteosis
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis inqubo ende futhi enzima.
Ukwenza ukwelashwa kudinga ukuvezwa okuningana okuvela kwiziguli nakudokotela wakhe odlulayo.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kudinga i-phasing ecacile kanye nendlela ehlanganisiwe.
Ekuhambeni kwezokwelapha,
- Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.
- Ukwelashwa kokudla.
- Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zabantu (ngokuzithandela).
- Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwenqubo.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-atherosclerosis kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-lipid (ukwehlisa izinga lama-lipids, ikakhulukazi i-cholesterol).
Lawa ngamaqembu izidakamizwa ezinjenge-Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Akorta), Fibates (Fenofibrate, Bezofibrat), ama-anion exchange resins (Cholestyramine, Colestipol) kanye namalungiselelo we-nicotinic acid (Nicotinamide, Vitamin B3).
Kuhle ukuphuza izidakamizwa ngaphambi kokulala, ngoba inani elikhulu kakhulu le-cholesterol likhiqizwa ngumzimba wethu ebusuku. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-vitamin complexes, amaminerali kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo, okuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kwegazi nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, kuyanconywa nako. I-Antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa), ekhipha imithambo yegazi, isebenza kahle.
Ukudla okune-cholesterol ephakeme kuhlinzekela ukufakwa ngaphandle kokubhema okubunjiwe, okunosawoti, okuthosiwe, noma yikuphi ukudla okusheshayo, amaswidi, inani elikhulu likasawoti, i-legamu, inyama enamafutha ekudleni. Esikhundleni salokho, kunconywa ukuthi udle imifino nezithelo ezintsha, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, inyama enamafutha amancane, ukudla kwasolwandle futhi uphuze okungenani amalitha nengxenye amanzi ahlanziwe ngosuku.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyadingeka ekunciphiseni isisindo nasekuqiniseni jikelele komzimba. Isisindo esengeziwe siyisici sobungozi obuqondile ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lapho imikhumbi ihlupheka khona, futhi ne-atherosclerotic lesion ngeke ibazuzise. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuhamba nsuku zonke okungenani isigamu sehora ngosuku. Ungenza ama-jog light, hhayi ukuzivocavoca umzimba okukhulu kakhulu, njengokuqina komzimba.
Amakhambi e-Ftu muhle kakhulu ekwelashweni ekhaya. Kungaba imbewu yefilakisi, uwoyela onamafutha, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions avela kumakhambi ahlukahlukene. Izithasiselo ezisebenzayo (Biology) ezisebenzayo (izithasiselo zokudla) nazo kufanelekile.
Ukuvimbela i-atherosclerosis ukuvikela ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuyeka imikhuba emibi (ukuphuza utshwala nokubhema), ukuzibandakanya ezemidlalo ngokulandelana, ukulandela ukudla futhi ube novalo oluncane.
I-pathogenesis ye-atherossteosis kuxoxwa ngayo kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
