I-cholesterol iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha amaseli, ama-hormone abalulekile namavithamini. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukusebenza okwanele kwezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba wonke nomzimba womuntu akunakwenzeka. Cishe i-70% yalokho okwenziwe ngesibindi, ama-30% asele aqhamuka ekudleni. I-cholesterol iyingxenye yezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zamafutha namaprotheni - ama-lipoprotein, ngenxa yokuthi athutha ngokuhamba kwegazi.
Ngokweqile, i-cholesterol idluliselwa emuva esibindini, lapho isetshenziswa khona. Lapho le nqubo iphazamiseka, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-vasher atherosulinosis kwenzeka. Indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwesimo se-pathological yabelwe into enjengamafutha yobuncane obuphansi.
Ku-etiology ye-atherosulinosis, izici zokushintsha nokungaguquki ziyahlukaniswa. Iqembu lokuqala lifaka phakathi umsebenzi ophansi womzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamafutha ezilwane, utshwala, ukubhema, ukucindezela njalo.
Akunendima ebaluleke kangako esidlalwa yi-arterial hypertension, lapho amanani wegazi ophakeme edlula i-140/90 mm Hg. Ubuciko. Futhi, into eguqukayo ye-etiological factor yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yegazi, uhlobo lwesisu sokukhuluphala, lapho usayizi okhalweni wamadoda ungaphezu kuka-102 cm, abesifazane - 88 cm.
Iqembu lesibili lifaka:
- iminyaka
- ubulili
- ifa.
I-atherossteosis yemithambo yegazi iba emadodeni amadala kuneminyaka engama-45, abesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-55. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sitholakala kakhulu kubantu besifazane ngemuva kokuqala kokuya esikhathini. Izici ezimbi zidala ukwephulwa kongqimba lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi, balahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo wokuvimbela ongokwemvelo.
I-Atherossteosis: izindlela ze-pathogenetic zentuthuko
Nge-atherossteosis, inqubo ye-pathological igxile ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, iqala inqubo ebhubhisayo. Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, amafomu amabala anamafutha, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezithile.
Izindawo ezinjalo ziphuzi, zitholakala kubo bonke ubude be-artery. Manje kukhona ukushesha ekwakhiweni kwamafutha amabala, le nkinga ikhulunywa kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Esigabeni sesibili salesi sifo, kufakwa i-fibrous plaques. Amabala atheleka kancane, amangqamuzana aqongelela emgodleni wawo, izama ukuhlanza izindonga zemithambo yemithambo yemithambo yegazi lipids kanye namagciwane.
Ukusabela kokugula okungapheli okucasulayo:
- ukubola kwamadimoni;
- ukuhluma ezindongeni zezindawo zezicubu ezithintekayo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ama-plaque akhuphuka ngaphezu kwengaphakathi lomthambo wegazi. Ama-Neoplasms aba imbangela yokunciphisa i-lumen, ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi.
Isigaba sokugcina ukwakheka kodwebu oluyinkimbinkimbi. Inqubo ye-pathological ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ezicacile ze-vasher atherosclerosis. I-etiology ye-atherosulinosis ihlukile, kepha kungakhathalekile izici, zonke zidala ukubeka kwamafutha emikhunjini nasemithanjeni yemithambo yegazi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherossteosis kuthatha amashumishumi eminyaka, inqubo ingasheshiswa yizici zobungozi, futhi inciphise ijubane ngenxa yokwelashwa okwenziwe nezindlela zokuthibela.
Isilonda se-aortic
Izilonda ze-atherosclerotic ze-aorta zivame ukutholakala. I-aorta yisitsha esikhulu sokuhlangana somzimba womuntu, iqala endaweni engakwesokunxele yenhliziyo futhi isakazekela ezithweni eziningi zangaphakathi nezicubu.
Imithambo ivela ku-thoracic aorta, inikeza igazi esifubeni, emalungeni aphezulu, entanyeni nasekhanda. I-aorta yesisu yindawo yokugcina, ihlinzeka ngegazi ezithweni zesibeletho. Isigaba sokugcina sihlukaniswe imithambo ye-iliac kwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Zondla i-pelvis encane nemikhawulo ephansi enegazi.
Nge-atherosulinosis ye-thoracic aorta, ukulimala okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kuyabonakala, izimpawu zesifo zincike endaweni okutholwe kuyo ubulukhuni nobunzima bawo. Izici eziphambili okufanele uzicacele:
- ukungabikho isikhathi eside kwezimpawu;
- Izimpawu zokuqala zivele ngeminyaka engama-60, lapho imbubhiso ifinyelela ukulingana okumangazayo;
- isiyezi, ukuhlaselwa ikhanda;
- ukugwinya;
- ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokubonakala kwezinwele ezimpunga.
Isiguli sinokukhula okusheshayo kwezinwele kuma-auricles anengcindezelo ephezulu ye-systolic, yobuhlungu besikhathi esithile ngemuva kwe-sternum. I-Atherosulinosis isikhathi eside iqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
Lapho umonakalo esifundeni sesisu uhambisana nokugeleza kwegazi okunganele ezithweni zangaphakathi, bakhuluma ngesifo esisesiswini.
Nge-atherosclerosis ye-aorta yesisu, izinkinga zokudla ziyaqala, ukushintshana kwesisu kuhlangana nokuqunjelwa nokuqhakaza. Ubuhlungu emgodini wesisu buyaphawulwa, ukungaphatheki kahle kuhamba kahle emvelweni, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni akulungile.
Nge-visceral vascular thrombosis, isifo sikashukela sihlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuwaqeda ngama-antispasmodics kanye nama-painkillers.
Ubuhlungu buhlanganiswa nokuwohloka okusheshayo enhlalakahleni. Kulokhu, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uthole usizo.
I-Cerebral arteriosclerosis
Ukulimala emithanjeni yobuchopho kungabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-atherosclerosis. Ngalesi sifo, imikhumbi ye-extracranial kanye ne-intracranial ekondla ubuchopho ihlupheka. Ubukhulu bezimpawu ngqo buya ngezinga lokunqotshwa kwabo.
Ngalesi hlobo lwe-cerebral atherossteosis, ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa oluyakhula kuya ngokuya kuncipha, ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunamandla kuyanda.
Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakala ekugugeni futhi zihunyushwa njengezici zokuguga ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukuguga kuyinqubo engenakuphikwa, futhi idiphozi ye-cholesterol ine-etiopathogenesis ehlukile.
Izimpawu zokuqala zizoba ukuwohloka okufushane kokuzwela kwezingxenye ezithile zomzimba, ukwephulwa kwe:
- umsebenzi wezimoto;
- ukuzwa;
- inkulumo;
- ukubuka.
Kukhona nezinkinga zokulala, inkumbulo, amakhono obuhlakani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimilo sesiguli siyashintsha, uba nozwela ngokweqile, oyisidlakela, uwela ezifundeni ezicindezelayo.
I-atherosclerosis eqinile inika ukuhlaselwa yisifo, lapho kudingeka ukuqonda i-necrosis yezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho.
Uma i-atherosclerosis engalashwa, iholela ekuwohlokeni kwesifo sikashukela, esibonakaliswa inkambo enzima, ukwehla okungaguquki kwemisebenzi ephakeme yobuchopho.
Isimo somtholampilo we-pathology sinokufana kakhulu nge-hypertensive encephalopathy, i-osteochondrosis.
I-atherossteosis yemilenze
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-cholesterol deposits emithanjeni yegazi yemikhawulo engezansi kukhombisa ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwegazi, ushintsho lwe-trophic.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame ukudala ukukhula kwe-gangrene.
I-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi ingabhidliza lapho kuba nokuqina kwezindonga zemithambo ngenxa yezindawo ezisebenzisa i-cholesterol, kunciphisa i-lumen.
Ngokuqhubeka kokunciphisa, ukondleka kwezicubu kuyaphazamiseka. Njengomphumela, amathuba we:
- izilonda ze-trophic;
- gangren
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela;
- inqubo yokuvuvukala.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, onesifo sikashukela usongelwa ngokunqunywa umlenze ochaphazelekile.
Njengakwezinye izimo, i-Symbomatology yalesi sifo isikhathi eside ayikho, izenza izizwe ngemuva kokuqala kwezinkinga ezinkulu.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokugula ukuqaqamba kwemisipha ngenkathi uhamba. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa isikhashana ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba izinhlungu zenzeka kuphela lapho umuntu ehamba, isiguli siqala ukukhukhumala, bese siphoqeka ukuthi siyeke ngezikhathi ezithile ukunciphisa ukwehla. Imilenze ilimala ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo obangelwa ukunganele kwegazi ekutholeni izicubu.
Kunezigaba ezine zesifo. Esigabeni sokuqala, ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba okunamandla, kuvela izinhlungu emilenzeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuhlungu izinhlungu ngenkathi uhamba amabanga amafushane. Esigabeni sesithathu, imilenze yalimala ngisho nasekuphumuleni.
Isigaba sesine sokugcina sibonakaliswa ukwakheka kweziqalo zegazi, izilonda zetrophic kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesiqakala.
Imithambo ye-Coronary
Lolu hlobo lwe-atherosulinosis luvusa isifo senhliziyo, olubangelwa ukwephula ukutholakala kwegazi enhliziyweni. I-etiology ye-myocardial infarction ne-angina ihlotshaniswa ne-atherosclerosis. Ngokuvaleka okuyingxenye, kuqhamuka isifo senhliziyo, kanye nokuqhekeka ngokuphelele kwemithambo yegazi kubanga ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuphazamiseka ekujikelezeni kwegazi ngemithambo ye-coronary is the deposition of cholesterol in the artery. Amaphazima ahlehlisa kancane kancane futhi abhubhise izindonga ze-vascular, anciphisa kakhulu ukukhanya kwezibani kuzo.
Ngalesi sifo, isiguli sinobuhlungu obuvuthayo ku-sternum, sivame ukunika emuva, ihlombe lesokunxele, sikhuphuka ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Isifo sikashukela sinokufupheka kakhulu komoya, umuzwa wokuntuleka komoya, ikakhulukazi lapho silele. Ngakho-ke, uhlala ezama intuitively ukuthatha isikhundla sokuhlala.
Ukuhlaselwa kuphendula ekwelashweni, izidakamizwa zesimanje:
- neqhaza ekunakekelweni kwempilo ejwayelekile;
- susa ngokushesha i-angina pectoris.
Izinkinga zokuvezwa kwama-plaque emithanjeni ye-coronary are a ukushaya kwenhliziyo, inhliziyo. Izimpawu ezithile zemithambo ye-coronary imiswa kuphela ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuxilonga.
Ukwehlulwa kwemikhumbi ye-mesenteric
Lolu hlobo lwe-atherosclerosis luvame ukubonakaliswa yizinhlungu phezulu kwesibeletho, luvela esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla.
Isikhathi sokuhlasela asidluli imizuzu embalwa, kwezinye izimo sifinyelela ihora elilodwa. Ubuhlungu buhambisana nokuqunjelwa, ukubopha, ukuqhakaza. Okwezinhlungu nge-atherossteosis, ukuthatha ikhambi le-soda akunikeli impumuzo.
Lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi i-toad yesisu, siba ngumphumela wokungafani kahle kwevolumu yegazi edingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kohlelo lokugaya kanye nenani laso.
Enye yezinkinga ezizoba ukwakhiwa kwe-thrombosis emikhunjini ye-mesenteric, isimo se-pathological sihambisana nalokhu:
- isicanucanu
- izinhlungu ezizungeze inkaba;
- ukugcinwa kwegesi, isihlalo;
- ukuphalaza okuphindaphindiwe nge secretion ye-bile.
Kuvela imithambo yegazi emikhondweni, endaweni yesifo sikashukela, kuphakama izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kuqubuke isimo se-collaptoid. Lesi sifo siphela ngokuqina kwamathumbu, kuqhubeke ngokumelene nesizinda sezimpawu ze-peritonitis.
Imininingwane nge-atherossteosis inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
