Isifo sikashukela siyingxenye ye-endocrinology. I-Diabetesology ifunda ngezinkinga ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela.
Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwelapha kule ndawo bafunda izindaba eziphathelene nesifo sikashukela:
- Izimbangela zesimo se-pathological.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ushukela wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
- Izindlela zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela.
Odokotela abasebenza ocwaningweni lwesifo sikashukela, izimbangela zokuvela kwayo kanye nokuvinjwa kuthiwa yibo abanesifo sikashukela. Odokotela abafunda isifo sikashukela nezindlela zayo zokwelashwa bangamaphrofeshinali afanelekayo ku-endocrinology.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwamaseli we-pancreatic abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
Imbangela yalesi sifo futhi ingukuncipha kokuzwela kwesithako se-membrane yeseli yezicubu zomzimba ezihambisana ne-insulin.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela uhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sivela ngenxa yokuvela kwengqayizivele yezinkinga ze-endocrine, eziphawuleka ngokusweleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kungadalwa ngokubonakala kokuphazamiseka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenqubo ye-metabolic.
Izinqubo ezinjalo emzimbeni womuntu yilezi:
- i-protein metabolism;
- lipid;
- amanzi nosawoti;
- amaminerali;
- carbohydrate.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela yilezi:
- Kuncike kuma-insulin - thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1.
- Uhlobo olungena-insulin-2 olungena-insulin isifo sikashukela.
- Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zesifo sikashukela ziveza isimo esikhethekile somzimba womuntu esibizwa nge-prediabetes. Nge-prediabetes kubantu, ukukhuphuka kwezinga le-glucose emzimbeni kutholakala ngendlela yokuthi kuyehluka emgomweni wokuzimisela ngokomzimba, kepha kungafinyeleli esibonelweni lapho isimo somuntu singabekwa khona njengesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu ezidinga ukubonisana nodokotela onesifo sikashukela
Uma kutholakala ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni komzimba, kufanele uthinte isikhungo sezokwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze uthole izeluleko nokuqokwa kokwelashwa okuthile uma kunesidingo.
Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa, ukubukeka kwazo okungahle kubonise ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni womuntu.
Uma kutholakala eyodwa yalezi zimpawu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wesifo sikashukela ngosizo.
Izimpawu eziphambili ezikhuluma ngokuthuthuka kwesimo sikashukela yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wamaphethelo aphansi;
- ukubukeka kokukhula nobuthakathaka kanye nokwehlukana okujwayelekile;
- ukubonakala komile oqinile futhi ongenakuvinjwa;
- ukukhuphuka kwesifiso sokuchama;
- ukubonakala kokukhathala okwandayo komzimba;
- ukwehla okukhulu kwempilo yomzimba;
- ushintsho kwesisindo somzimba ngaphandle kokuvela kwezimfuneko ezibonakalayo zalokhu.
Ukubonisana nodokotela wesifo sikashukela nokwenza ukuhlolwa okugcwele komzimba wesiguli lapho lezi zimpawu zikhonjwe khona kuvumela ukutholwa kusenesifo sikashukela emzimbeni kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezifika ngesikhathi.
Inhloso yemicimbi enjalo ukwenza inkomba ye-glycemic ivele emzimbeni futhi imise ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinokwenzeka ngokuqhubeka okukhona kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esibonakalayo.
Ngabe kuqokwa kanjani nodokotela wesifo sikashukela?
Ukuhambela kokuqala kudokotela wesifo sikashukela cishe akuhlukile kwiziguli ezihambela odokotela bezinye izinto ezikhethekile.
Ekuhambeleni kokuqala kudokotela wesifo sikashukela, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa kokuqala kweziguli.
Lapho wenza inhlolovo yokuqala, udokotela uthola inqwaba yemibuzo ekuvumela ukuthi wenze isiphetho sokuqala mayelana nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesiguli nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni.
Ngesikhathi senhlolovo, udokotela uthola le mibuzo elandelayo:
- Iziphi izikhalazo isiguli esinazo ngesimo sazo.
- Icacisa ukuba khona kwezimpawu okukhona kuzo isifo sikashukela noma isimo somzimba sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela.
- Icacisa isikhathi lapho izimpawu zomlingiswa zivela khona uma zikhona esigulini.
Ngemuva kocwaningo lokuqala, udokotela olingayo ulinganisa okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli noma uncoma ukuxhumana nelabhoratri ekhethekile yokunikela ngegazi ukuze kuhlaziywe ama-carbohydrate e-plasma.
Uma kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe, kungenzeka kuchazwe i-urinalysis:
- ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela;
- Ukuhlaziywa komchamo wokuba khona kwezidumbu ze-ketone kuyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqashwa nsuku zonke kwezinga le-glucose yesiguli kungabekwa.
Ngemuva kokuthola yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa edingekayo nokuqoqa yonke imininingwane edingekayo, udokotela wesifo sikashukela wenza ukuxilongwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, athuthukisa isikimu esizimele sezinyathelo zokwelapha.
Ukukhethwa kohlelo lwezindlela zokwelapha kuya ngemiphumela yokuhlaziya kanye nezimpawu zomzimba womuntu ogulayo ezihlushwa uhlobo oluthile noma olunye lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela aziphathi nje kuphela ngemithi eyehlisa izinga likashukela kwiplasma yegazi.
Uhlobo lokwelashwa lungahlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezikhathi zokudla nezikhathi zokudla, uhlelo nokulandelana kwemithi.
Ukulungiswa nokususwa kokuqina komzimba emzimbeni wesiguli, ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwendlela yokuphila, ukulahla okuphoqelekile kwemikhuba emibi, njengokubhema ugwayi nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
Wenzani udokotela wesifo sikashukela?
Udokotela wesifo sikashukela uchwepheshe obambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwezindlela zokwelapha nezokuvimbela isifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nokwanda kwalesi sifo emzimbeni wesiguli.
Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo ukutholwa kwesifo okufika ngesikhathi futhi kuvikeleke ukuqhubekisela phambili kwayo ezigabeni lapho izinkinga zingabakhona.
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela uhlobo 2 nohlobo 1 ziba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitho ngazinye nezinhlelo zazo zizonke.
Ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwezinkinga ezihambisana nokwanda kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kufanele uvakashele udokotela wesifo sikashukela ukuthola izeluleko nezindlela zokulungisa inqubo yokwelashwa.
Ukuxhumana ngesikhathi nesazi sesifo sikashukela nokuvakasha kwakhe okujwayelekile kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesikhathi ukuguqula izinga loshukela emzimbeni futhi ulungise izinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ukuqashelwa njalo ngudokotela oholayo kugwema ukuthuthuka emzimbeni wezifo ezimbi ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela, okuthinta ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi eyengeziwe.
Ungafunda ngezinto ezintsha kushukela sikashukela ngokubuka ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
