Umfutho wegazi ophakeme yi-pathology eyenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi eside kwengcindezi kanye nokuqhekeka kokujikeleza kwegazi kwendawo nokujwayelekile. Ukuvela kwe-hypertension kuhambisana nokuphulwa kwemisebenzi yezikhungo eziphakeme ezilawula umsebenzi wemithambo yegazi. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke se-hypertension senzeka e-hypertension ye-arterial, futhi yisibalo esincane kuphela secentral, noma i-hypertension.
Imbangela ye-pathology ukubukeka kwephula umsebenzi wokulawula we-medulla oblongata kanye ne-hypothalamus.
Namuhla, kunokwahlukaniswa okuningi kwe-hypertension ngokuya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya kubo, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo, izinhlobo nezigaba.
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wegazi ungahluka ngokuya ngezinga lomfutho wegazi. Kuze kube manje, umhlaba wonke wamukele ukuhlukaniswa kwawo okuhlanganisiwe ngalesisekelo:
- Umfutho wegazi osezingeni eliphezulu lapho izinkomba zingadluli ku-120 kuye ku-80 mm Hg;
- Ukucindezela okujwayelekile. Odokotela abaningi babela leli nani ngokwezimo, ngoba imvelo yokucindezela kwegazi incike eminyakeni yobudala nobulili bomuntu. Izinkomba kuleli cala zisebangeni le-120-129 / 84 mm;
- Ukucindezela okujwayelekile kwe-Boundary - kusuka ku-130-139 kuya ku-85-89 mm Hg;
- I-hypertension ye-Arterial ye-1 degree. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi ziyehluka kusuka ku-140/90 kuya ku-159/99 mm Hg;
- I-Arterial hypertension 2 degrees. Izinkomba yi-160-179 / 100-109 mm RT. st.;
- I-Arterial hypertension 3 degrees - ngaphezu kwe-180/10 mm RT. st.;
- I-Isstated hypstension hypertension. Ingcindezi ephezulu ingaphezulu kwe-140 mm, kanti ephansi ingaphansi kuka-90 mm.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusikisela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwesigaba sokuqala se-hypertension, ungasebenzisa ukudla, ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile nokulinganiselayo, ulondoloze impilo enempilo, ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwemikhuba emibi.
Ukwelashwa kwezigaba zangemuva akunakwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nsuku zonke izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
Ngokusho kwesigaba seWorld Health Organisation, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uhlukaniswe waba yisisekelo, ophawuleka ngomfutho wegazi ophikelelayo nowenziwa njalo. I-etiology yalesi sifo ayiqondakali ngokuphelele; i-secondary, noma i-hypertension enesimpawu, esivela ku-pathologies ehlukahlukene ethinta imikhumbi, ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lwe-arterial system.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hypertension eyinhloko:
- Ukulimala kwezicubu ezingaphansi noma emithanjeni yegazi yezinso, okuholela ekubukekeni kwe-pathology yesitho uqobo;
- Ngezifo kanye nokusebenza kokuphazamiseka kwezindlala ze-adrenal, i-endocrine system pathologies ivame ukuthuthuka;
- Ngezilonda zohlelo lwezinzwa, kukhuphuka ingcindezi ye-intracranial. Le nqubo nayo ingaba umphumela wokulimala, noma isimila sobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingxenye zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka ekugcineni ingcindezi emithanjeni yegazi ziyalimala;
- Lapho kukhona ukwephulwa ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, bakhuluma ngokwahlukahluka kwalesi sifo;
- Ezokwelapha Kwenzeka ngobuthi obunobuthi bomzimba ngezidakamizwa. Lokhu kuqala inqubo yomthelela omubi kuzo zonke izinhlelo, ikakhulukazi umbhede wemithambo.
Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa okuhlukanisa lesi sifo ngezigaba. Kunezigaba ezi-3.
Kuqala. Enye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zalesi sigaba ukuba khona kwenkomba engazinzile yokwandisa umfutho wegazi usuku lonke. Kulesi sigaba se-GB, izinkathi zokwanda okuncane kwengcindezi ejwayelekile kanye nezikhathi zokugxuma okubukhali ngokuzumayo kuyabonakala. Iziguli eziningi azinaki ngalesi sifo esikulesi sigaba, ngoba ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi akuhunyushwa yizinto zomtholampilo, kodwa yisimo sezulu kanye nezici ezizimele. Kulesi sigaba, ukulimala kwesitho okuqondiwe ngaso kwenzeka. Isiguli sizizwa sisejwayelekile, akukho zikhalazo ezikhethekile;
Isiteji esizinzile. Inkomba yomfutho wegazi yande isikhathi eside futhi ngokuqinile. Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngempilo ejwayelekile, ukungahambi kahle kanye nobuhlungu emehlweni, ikhanda lokuqina okuhlukahlukene. Kulesi sigaba, lesi sifo siqala ukuthinta izitho okuhlosiwe, sithuthuka kancane kancane futhi siveze nomthelela ongemuhle kubo. Isitho esikhulu esithintekayo ngokuyinhloko inhliziyo;
Isigaba se-Sclerotic. Lesi sigaba sibonakaliswa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-sclerotic ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, kanye nomonakalo kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Zonke lezi zinqubo zithinta kakhulu umzimba futhi zibhebhethekisa omunye nomunye, okuholela esimweni esibi kakhulu somfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Lapho sithola isiguli ngezigaba 2 noma ezintathu zepsychology, singakhuluma ngesidingo sokunikeza iqembu lokukhubazeka kuye.
Kwezinye izimo, ngokuya ngezici ngazinye, noma ngesigaba 1 kungahle kube nesizathu sokuxhumana nekhomishini yesazi.
Ngokuya ngezimpawu zokulimala kwezitho zesistimu yenhliziyo nokubandakanyeka kwezinye izitho ezihlosiwe kule nqubo, umuntu angahlukanisa izinhlobo zesifo ngezici ezisengozini empilweni yomuntu.
Isigaba sokuqala sivezwa ngokungabikho komonakalo kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Amathuba emphumela ebulalayo kule minyaka elishumi ezayo icishe ibe yi-10%;
Esigabeni sesibili, kuqashelwa i-lesion yesitho esisodwa esihlobene nesitho okuhlosiwe ngaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungozi bokufa eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo ngu-15-20%;
Isigaba sesithathu siphawulwa ngokuvela kwezinkinga ezikhulisa futhi zibhebhethekise lesi sifo. Ingozi yokufa icishe ibe ngu-25-30%;
Esigabeni sesine, usongo lwempilo lukhula kakhulu, oluhambisana nokubandakanyeka kwazo zonke izitho zomzimba. Ingozi yokufa ingaphezulu kwama-35%.
Ngokuya ngenkambo yesifo, kuyenzeka:
- Ukugeleza okuhamba kancane (i-benign), okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kubonakaliswa ukwanda kancane kancane kwezimpawu. Isiguli sivame ukuzizwa sisejwayelekile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezikhathi zokuphuma nokukhishwa, kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, isikhathi sokwanda asihlali isikhathi eside. Lolu hlobo lwe-hypertension luyakwazi ukwelashwa;
- Okulimazayo, okuyindlela yokukhetha isiphetho esibi kakhulu sempilo. Kuboniswa inkambo esheshayo, izimpawu zehypertgency zenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi masinyane sithathe ijubane lokubonisa. Uhlobo olunesihluku kunzima ukululawula, kunzima ukwelapha.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme minyaka yonke ubulala iziguli ezingaphezu kwama-70%. Izimbangela zokufa kulezi zimo zivame kakhulu ukuthi kube yi-auricm ye-aortic, ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwe-renal kanye nenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yi-hemorrhagic.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, umfutho wegazi ophakeme wabhekwa njengento eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima ukwelapha izifo. Njengamanje, ngenxa yezindlela ezintsha ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nohlobo olusha lwemithi, kungenzeka ukuthola i-pathology ngesikhathi futhi usebenzise ama-ejenti ahlukile ekwelashweni kwayo.
Njengamanje, odokotela bakhomba izimbangela eziningi nezici zobungozi ezingabangela ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi nokuqala kwe-pathogeneis. Okuyinhloko izinkomba zeminyaka (kwabesilisa kuneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala, kwabesifazane - abaneminyaka engama-65); dyslipidemia, okuyi-pathology lapho kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism emzimbeni womuntu; isifo sikashukela mellitus; ukukhuluphala ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi nokugcina impilo engenampilo; Izici zofuzo nokuba khona kofuzo.
Ngokuthola kwe-diagnostic okunembe kakhulu, izici zobungozi zihlala zinakwa udokotela lapho ehlola isiguli. Imbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokugxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi kungukuhlupheka okungapheli, isimo sokuxineka, umsebenzi wokuqonda, umbuso ophazamisekile osukwini futhi ikakhulukazi ukulala, ukusebenza ngokweqile okungapheli.
Indawo ebalulekile phakathi kwezimbangela zokushintsha kwengcindezi yegazi ukusetshenziswa kabi kosawoti. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-WHO, umuntu odla ngaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-5 nsuku zonke. usawoti wetafula, izikhathi eziningana kwandisa ingozi ye-hypertension ye-arterial uqobo.
Isici sofuzo sibaluleke kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho kukhona izihlobo ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme emndenini, amanye amalungu omndeni maningi amathuba okuba ne-pathology efanayo. Esimweni lapho amalungu emindeni eminingana ethola ukwelashwa nge-hypertension, ubungozi be-pathology banda nangaphezulu. Isiguli esingahle sikhona kumele silandele yonke imiyalo kadokotela, sigweme ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka, susa imikhuba emibi, siqaphe ukudla kanye nohlobo lokudla.
Ngaphezu kokuyinhloko, kunezici ezengeziwe zobungozi, phakathi kwazo:
- Ukuba khona kwesifo se-yegilo;
- Ukubonakala kwama-cholesterol plaque kanye ne-atherossteosis;
- Zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo zemvelo engapheli;
- Ukuqala kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini nokuya esikhathini kubantu besifazane;
- Ama-pathologies wokusebenza kwezinso nezinso ze-adrenal.
Njenganoma yisiphi isifo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungahambisana nezinkinga eziningi. Eyokuqala ukubandakanyeka kwezitho ezifana nenhliziyo kwinqubo ye-pathological (ngomonakalo wayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-pulmonary edema, i-aneurysms, i-angina pectoris kanye ne-asthma ye-cardiac kungenzeka); imithambo yomzimba nobuchopho; izinso amehlo (ngokulimala kwalezi zitho zomzimba, ukuwohloka komzimba nokuvela kobumpumputhe kungenzeka).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sivezwa ukuba khona kwezinkinga ezinamandla amakhulu, ezihlobene nezimo zesifo esibi. Uma ngalesi sikhathi isiguli singazange sinikezwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okufanele, singafa. Izici ezivusa ukuqala kwezinkinga zibandakanya ukucindezela, ubunzima, ukuzivocavoca umzimba isikhathi eside, ukuguqula isimo sezulu nokucindezela komoya.
Izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesimo esibucayi ukubukeka nokuqina kobuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isiyezi, i-tachycardia, kanye nokukhubazeka okubukwayo. Inkinga ye-Hypertgency iba ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi imvamisa umuntu ulahlekelwa ukwazi. Isici sale nkinga, okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibhekwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakheke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkinga: i-myocardial infarction, i-hemorrhagic stroke, i-pulmonary edema.
I-Arterial hypertension ingabangelwa yizifo ezijwayelekile nezibi kakhulu. Njalo ngonyaka inani leziguli likhula ngokuqinile. Imvamisa kakhulu laba ngabantu asebekhulile, iningi labo ngabesilisa, kepha i-pathology nayo iyabonakala kubantu abasebasha. Ezimweni ezithile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hypertension kususelwa kunhlobo yazo zonke izinhlobo zemigomo. Kuze kube manje, kunenombolo enkulu yokuhlukaniswa kwe-hypertension ngezigaba, ama-degree, idatha engakhonjiswa kuthebula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi sifo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
Wonke umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi cishe noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukusivimba kunokuthola ukwelashwa okude futhi kubize. Ngakho-ke, enye yezindlela ezilula futhi ezifinyeleleka kalula zokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuvimbela kwazo. Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo nokuhlala njalo, ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi, ukondleka okulinganiselayo nokulala kahle kuzokusiza ekuvikeleni wena hhayi ekuqandeni umfutho wegazi, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izifo eziningi, ezingekho ingozi futhi ezinkulu.
Amadigri wehypertension axoxwa ngawo kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
