Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zamaseli nezicubu zomzimba womuntu yi-cholesterol. Ngokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism kanye nokukhula kwe-cholesterol, kuvame ukwenzeka ukubuka ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherossteosis, ebonakala ngokwakhiwa kwama-cholesterol plaques. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi i-cholesterol ijwayelekile, futhi kube nama-plaque - kungani kune-pathology enjalo, kusho ukuthini nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukukhula kwesifo?
I-cholesterol yinto efana namafutha ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni komzimba okujwayelekile. Umuntu uhlanganisa iningi lalesi zinto yedwa, futhi uthola inani elithile ngokudla.
I-cholesterol yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu:
- Umsebenzi wesakhiwo. I-cholesterol ingesinye sezingxenye zamangqamuzana eseli. Uthatha iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwabo nasekulondolozeni ukuqina, unikeza ukuqina kokukhetha kwezindonga. Kubalulekile ukuthi ebuntwaneni nasebusheni, kanye nokulimala, umuntu athole inani elanele;
- Umsebenzi weHormonal. I-Lipoprotein ibandakanyeka ekuhlelweni kwama-hormone ocansi, ama-adrenal mahormone. Kuyadingeka ezinganeni ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Ukushoda kwaso kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokuzala;
- Umsebenzi wokugaya. Ngaphezu kwesigamu se-cholesterol isetshenziswa ngumzimba ukwakha ama-bile acids, aqhekeza amafutha ekudleni.
- Ihlanganyela ekukhiqizweni kwe-vithamini D.
Ama-90% ama-lipoprotein asezithanjeni zethu futhi yi-10% kuphela esegazini.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, ukweqiwa noma ukuntuleka kwalolutho kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube ezifundazweni eziningana.
I-HDL - ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kakhulu noma i-cholesterol "enhle". Kuyinhlayiya encane kakhulu engena kalula ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Basiza ukuqeda i-cholesterol "embi" futhi bayithuthele esibindini, lapho ichithwa khona;
I-LDL - i-lipoproteins ephansi noma i-cholesterol "embi". Izinhlayiya zayo zikhulu kakhulu kune-HDL. Bayakwazi nokungena emikhunjini, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu babo, bayayonakalisa futhi baqongelela odongeni lwangaphakathi. Umphumela ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol, athi kamuva aqongelele i-calcium futhi avale umkhumbi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bangaqedwa ngaphambi kokuthi i-calcium ingene kubo, okungukuthi, ukuqala kwenqubo yokubala. Ngesikhathi lapho i-plaque ye-atherosclerotic ivela khona, ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kuvame ukubonwa, okuthi emuva kwalokho kubuyele kokujwayelekile.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezibangela uphawu lwe-cholesterol. Zihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwama-metabolism futhi kungadala:
- Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ephelele egazini;
- Ukwanda kwe-LDL nokugxila kwe-triglyceride;
- Kuncishisiwe ukugxilisa i-HDL.
Ama-pathologies we-fat metabolism angenye yezici eziholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi, isifo sokuqina kwemizwa. Ukuze ama-lipoprotein afakwe ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, hhayi kuphela ukuthi amazinga awo aphakeme egazini awanele. Indlela yokubangela yale nqubo ilimaze ungqimba lwe-endothelial of artery.
Izici ezahlukahlukene ziholela kulokhu, okungukuthi:
- Umlutha wokubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala;
- Ukugcina impilo ehleliwe ngokungasebenzi kahle komzimba;
- Ukuba nezinkinga zokukhuluphala ngokweqile;
- Zonke izinhlobo ze-pathologies zohlelo lwe-endocrine;
- Izifo ze-Vascular kanye nezifo zegazi.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus naso singabhekwa njengezici ezisongela ukwakhiwa kwalesi sifo senhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomonakalo omkhulu odongeni lwe-vascular, i-atherossteosis ingakhula ngamazinga evamile we-cholesterol. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ama-lipoproteins ejwayelekile, futhi kunezimpawu kwezinye izimo. Izinga elijwayelekile lale khompiyutha aliyona isiqinisekiso se-100% sokuthi i-atherossteosis ngeke ikhule.
Ama-cholesterol plaque awukuqongelela kwe-patological kwento efana namafutha, i-calcium, imfucumfucu yokuxutshwa kwezicubu ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, evela ngenxa yokuphula umthetho we-lipid metabolism. Baholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi kuyancipha futhi kukhona ukwanda kokumelana nokuphuma kwegazi.
Umkhumbi ogcwele ngokuphelele ama-plaque awukwazi ukuba banzi futhi awukwazi ukuhlinzeka izitho ngenani elifanele lomoya-mpilo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo senhliziyo.
Ukwakheka kwezimpawu zamandla ze-atherosselotic akwenzeki ngokushesha. Le yinqubo yokuchitha isikhathi.
Isigaba sokuqala sokwenzeka sibonisa inqubo yokubekwa ezindaweni zokulimala odongeni lwe-vascular of cell foam. Zingama-macrophages anamazinga aphansi we-lipoprotein. Amaseli anjalo atholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni zesiphithiphithi esikhulu kunazo zonke (esifundeni sokuzitika kwazo) ngendlela yemivimbo kanye namabala;
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa madiphozi agcwaliswa ngezicubu ezixhumene nazo, ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwezigcamba ze-fibrous kwenzeka. Lesi yisigaba sesibili sokuthuthuka kwe-atherosulinosis;
Isikhathi esithile bayakhula, beqongelela izindimbane zangaphakathi ezilinganayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, amathayi aqhuma, futhi angena egazini. Lo mzuzu uyingozi kakhulu ngokuya nge-thrombosis;
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, usawoti we-calcium uqala ukufakwa ku-plugging. Le nqubo ibizwa nge- atherocalcinosis futhi yisigaba sokugcina salesi sifo. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izindonga zemikhumbi ziba mnene kakhulu futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, zibe buthaka kakhulu futhi zingabinamandla. Lokhu kunomthelela kumonakalo wabo noma ukuqhekeka.
Ukuze unqume izinga le-cholesterol, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuxilongwa, lapho igazi lithathwa emthanjeni esiswini esingenalutho.
Isidingo esibalulekile ukungavunyelwa kokudla okungamahora ayi-12, kuyilapho ekudleni okunamafutha amaningi kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni.
Lapho udlulisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemistry, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwe-lipoprotein okudingeka unqume:
- Inkomba ye-cholesterol ephelele, ejwayele ukulingana ingaphansi kuka-4.5 mmol / l (noma ngaphansi kuka-175 mg / dl);
- Inani lama-lipoproteins aphansi noma i-beta lipoprotein, okujwayelekile okungaphansi kwe-2,5 mmol / l (noma 100 mg / dl);
- Amazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein noma amazinga we-alpha lipoprotein. Okujwayelekile kwabesilisa kungaphezu kwe-1 mmol / l (noma 40 mg / dl), kwabesifazane - ngaphezu kwe-1,2 mmol / l (noma i-45 mg / dl);
- Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kophawu lwegazi lipid (iphrofayili ye-lipid).
Kunconywa ukubala i-coheroffi ye-atherogenic, ngemuva kwalokho kungashiwo ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukuthambekela kwe-atherosulinosis, siyini isizathu sokuvela kwama-plaque, ngoba nge-cholesterol ejwayelekile ungaba nemikhumbi evalekile, futhi ungahamba nesifo sikashukela ne-cholesterol 10, futhi ngaphandle kwe-vascular pathologies.
Izimo ze-cholesterol ne-triglycerides kwezinye iziguli eziseqenjini ezisengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nezifo zenhliziyo zisehla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulesi sigaba seziguli, noma sinama-lipoprotein ajwayelekile azo zonke ezinye izinkomba, umbuzo wokunquma ukwelashwa okwehlisa i-cholesterol usonjululwa kahle. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili nokukhula kwezifo.
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva nezincomo zochwepheshe bomhlaba, izinga le-cholesterol ephelele kuzo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lapho sekudingeka khona manje ukuqala ukwelashwa, lihambelana ne-3.5 mmol / l.
Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi kukhona ama-cholesterol plaque, isiguli kufanele sithintane nabachwepheshe abanjengochwepheshe wezinzwa, udokotela wezinhliziyo, udokotela wamehlo, udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo.
Uma kungekho ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kanye ne-cholesterol ephelele ngaphezulu kwe-5 mmol ilitha, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushintsha kwendlela yomuntu yokuphila. Kunconywa ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kophuzo oludakayo nemikhiqizo kagwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu elibalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni kwe-anticholesterol kanye nokuba khona komzimba olinganiselayo nsuku zonke.
Njengomthetho, zonke iziguli ezinezimpawu zokulimala kwemithambo zinconywa ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo ye-atherosulinosis enciphisa izinga le-cholesterol embi ku-plasma. Lokhu kufaka izithelo ezintsha, imifino, amantongomane nezinye izinhlamvu. Kwatholakala ukuthi ngokwehla kwe-cholesterol yegazi ngamaphesenti angama-50, ukumunca okuncane kwezimpawu ze-cholesterol kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho ancipha ngo-10%.
Kuyadingeka ukufaka imikhiqizo yokudla ethinta kahle ukwanda kwe-HDL. Ama-acid e-Omega-3 anawo lo mphumela. Zitholakala ezinhlanzini ezinamafutha, amantongomane, kanye nembewu yefilakisi.
Ezimweni lapho ukwelashwa okunjalo kunganikeli imiphumela emihle, ochwepheshe baphendukela ekwelashweni okungeziwe ngemithi.
Emithini yesimanje, amalungiselelo e-cholesterol plaque emithanjeni yegazi anemiphumela ehlukile:
- Ama-sequence we-Bile acid asiza ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol ekudleni kuya egazini. Ukusuka emathunjini, abamba ama-bile acid, okwenza isibindi sikhiqize okusha ku-cholesterol ekhona;
- Izimpawu nama-fibrate kunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-LDL egazini. Yehlisa ijubane futhi ivimbe ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni uqobo noma isheshise ukuphuma kwayo nge-bile;
- Ezinye izidakamizwa zandisa ukugcwala kwe-HDL egazini.
Lapho ukhetha umuthi wokwelapha ama-plaque, kuyadingeka ukubonana nochwepheshe ozokhetha indlela engcono kunazo zonke esigulini ngasinye, ngokususelwa ebufakazini bezifundo nasezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye.
Ukwelashwa kwamabala e-cholesterol ngezindlela ezihlukile kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwendabuko kwe-atherosulinosis futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemvume kadokotela oholayo nangaphansi kokulawulwa kwakhe.
Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ingabe kungaba khona i-atherosulinosis nge-cholesterol ejwayelekile iyaqinisekisa. Ukuba yisifo esiyingozi futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi, i-atherossteosis idinga ukwelashwa ngokucophelela nangokungathí sina. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuthinteka yizici eziningi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele odokotela njalo futhi bahlolwe izivivinyo, kanye nokuyeka imikhuba emibi bese uphila impilo enempilo futhi esebenzayo.
Ungawasusa kanjani ama-cholesterol plaque achazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
