Umuntu ngamunye kungekudala uzobhekana nesidingo sokukala ingcindezi ekhaya noma nezihlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka usizo lwe-tonometer - idivaysi ekhethekile esikrinini lapho kuboniswa khona izinombolo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuxilongwa - ukucindezela okukhulu (kwe-systolic), okungezansi (kwe-diastolic) nokushayeka.
I-Classical hypertension ngokwanda kwengcindezi ephezulu ithinta wonke umuntu wesibili emhlabeni futhi cishe bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane ubudala. Kepha kwezinye izimo, akulona inani lokuqala elikhathazayo, kodwa okwesibili, kukhona ukucindezela okuphansi okuphezulu. Kusho ukuthini ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophansi kubantu? Funda kabanzi ngalokhu.
Inhliziyo ipompa igazi emzimbeni. Ngokusebenza kwayo kahle, izimo ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ekunciphiseni kwemicu yemisipha yenhliziyo, imithetho yayo uqobo. Enye yazo i-automatism kanye nokujikeleza okucacile kokudonsa kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
Ukushintshanisa ukungena kwamaseli we-myocardial of the ion ezimbili eziphambili - i-potassium ne-sodium - kanye ne-diesige magnesium ne-calcium, okudingeka kuphela enhliziyweni, izigaba zokushintsha komjikelezo. I-Depolarization (ukukhipha izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe nokwenziwa kwemisipha) kuthatha indawo yokuphindaphinda (ukubuyisela izicubu ukuphumula). Ngakho-ke, izigaba ezilandelayo zenhliziyo ziyahlukaniswa:
- ISystole ingukujwayelekile kokujwayelekile kwenhliziyo. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitho semisipha siphonsa lonke igazi ngaphandle kwaso singena embhedeni wemithambo. Ukushaywa kwenhliziyo kuncike kwimvamisa ye-systole, futhi ingcindezi ephezulu incike ekunciphisweni kwamandla. Ngamandla okwephula izibopho zamakhemikhali, inhliziyo ingadonsa kalula igazi kuyo yonke ingqamuzana esemzimbeni.
- I-Diastole - njengamanje lo msipha uyaphumula futhi ugcwalisa ngegazi, okuphakelayo. Kepha ingcindezi kufanele igcinwe njalo lapho kwenziwa izinqubo eziphelele ze-metabolic, ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi. Manje imikhumbi yengemuva nodonga lwayo olunamandla ibhekene nengcindezi ephikelelayo, izinso zenza umthetho wokudumisa, indlala yamuva ye-pituitary kanye ne-vasopressin idlala indima enkulu.
- Ukumiswa okwesikhashana - umjikelezo wenhliziyo uyama, ama-ion akhishwa ngokulandela i-gradient ye-okuhlushwa, umsipha uphumule.
Izindinganiso zokucindezelwa zingezomuntu ngamunye futhi ziyaguquguquka, kepha iWorld Association of Cardiology yamukele imikhawulo ephezulu yamanani okuyi: 100-110 optimum, 110-125 evamile, 125-139 enyuke evamile kwe-systolic, kanye nobubanzi obujwayelekile be-65-89 kwe-diastolic, ngokusho kwamatafula wokuhlobanisa wanamuhla. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, ibanga lingashintsha, futhi ingcindezi engu-130 ayisiyi-pathology, kodwa impilo yangempela.
Izimbangela zokucindezela kwe-diastolic
I-diastolic hypertension is kude kakhulu nokuhlala kuyisibonakaliso sesifo senhliziyo.
Imvamisa kufanele ubheke isixhumanisi esiyinhloko se-pathogenesis emsebenzini wezindlala ze-endocrine ezibhekele ukugcina i-hemodynamic homeostasis - izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal kanye ne-pituitary gland.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokukhathazeka ngokuthi kungani i-tonometer inqume ukukhombisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu, qiniseka ukuthi isilinganiso senziwa kahle.
Uma unesibuko sokuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi, landela imiyalo yokucindezela kokulinganisa usebenzisa indlela yeKorotkov (indlela eyaziwayo esebenzisa i-phonendoscope), uma une-othomathikhi, ungakhulumi lapho ulinganisa, ungacindezeli isibani ngemuva kokupomula umoya, setha i-cuff flush ngesimo esilinganayo sokuma kwenhliziyo.
Uma uqhubeka uzibuza ukuthi "ingcindezi ephansi 90, kusho ukuthini lokhu?" bese unaka:
- Isimo sezinso. I-Suspicion iwela kwi-glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis kungenzeka. Namuhla, ukuhlolwa kohlelo lobuchwepheshe kulula futhi akubizi. Ungqimba we-cortical renal uqukethe amaseli akhethekile athi, ngosizo lwento ye-renin, athinte ithoni ye-vascular. Ngokuvuvukala, noma okungamahlalakhona, lolu hlelo lungahluleka. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okunomfutho ophansi wegazi kuyindlela yokuhlola kwegazi okujwayelekile nokwe-biochemical kwabamaki benkqubo yokuvuvukala kwezinso, kanye ne-urinalysis.
- Ukwanda kokudla okungamanzi. Musa ukondla ngokweqile ukudla, ngoba emva kwalokhu ukoma okuqinile akunakugwenywa. Umthamo onjalo wamanzi unyusa ichibi eliphelele lokujikeleza kwegazi, kuyilapho ingcindezi ephansi izokhuphuka. Umphumela ofanayo ubonwa ngemuva kwenqwaba yeziphuzo zotshwala eziphansi, ezinjengobhiya.
- Ukubhema notshwala. Lokhu okucasulayo kubangela ukusatshalaliswa njalo nokuphumula kwemithambo yegazi, ukulimala kwe-endothelium yesendlalelo sabo sangaphakathi, okuholela emonakalweni nasekuphazamisweni kwe-innervation. Umphumela uba ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi kanye nezinguquko ezilandela izitho ezithinta lokhu.
- Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi Ama-plaque oily ngaphakathi kwemithambo anciphisa i-lumen yawo, igazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ligxobhoza emgodini omncane, futhi udonga lwamandla oluqinile luyamelana nokucindezela kukhuphuke.
- Izindlala ze-endocrine. Ingxenye yesithathu yabantu emhlabeni ihlushwa yisifo se-thyroid. Ukuphazamiseka kwesizinda se-hormonal kuholela ku-hypertension, okususwa kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa yi-endocrinologist. Uma wazi ngezifo zemithambo ye-adrenal gland noma i-thyroid gland kuwe noma izihlobo zakho, kufanele ucabange ngayo njengembangela yokwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.
- Izifo zenhliziyo. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo ngeke kukhishwe njengesinye sezizathu, ngoba isimo esibuhlungu sezitho zaso singase futhi siye emikhunjini eseduze, sibanciphise ukuqina.
Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nezinso, i-ECG kanye nokuhlolwa okungenhla kuyanconywa.
Ungawunciphisa kanjani umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kuvame kakhulu ukuthi umuntu angabanaki.
Akufanele ungawunaki umbuso onjalo, ngoba uyingozi. Ukwehla kwempilo kanye nezimpawu eziphambili ngesimo sekhanda, ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, isiyezi, ukuvuvukala ne-tinnitus kukude kakhulu kunokubi kakhulu okungenzeka.
Okokuqala, izitho “ezihlasimulisa umzimba” ezizwela kakhulu ukugeleza kwegazi ziyahlupheka. Lokhu ubuchopho, isibindi, amaphaphu, izinso. Ithafa elide lokucindezela okukhulu lingadala ushintsho lwezinto eziphilayo kulezi zindawo.
Lapho kukhona umfutho wegazi ophakeme kumele welashwe. Xhumana nochwepheshe ukuze unikeze umuthi ukuxazulula inkinga yakho.
Imithi iyahluka ngentengo nangendlela yokusebenza, kodwa wonke umuntu angasiza noma okungenani anciphise izimpawu. Iqembu eliphambili lezidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive lifaka i-diuretics (Arifon, Furosemide, Hypothiazide, Veroshpiron).
Futhi, ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbayo ze-beta-adrenergic ezithinta ama-adrenergic receptors ezinhliziyo, ukunciphisa amandla nesivinini sezinkontileka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Concor, ithebhulethi eyodwa ekwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi nge-arterial hypertension (umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zemithambo ye-myocardial, ethinta i-trophism yemisipha yenhliziyo), kanye ne-Anaprilin, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol.
Ama-inhibitors e-ACE, anjenge-Captopril, lisinopril, losartan, asiza ukudambisa ingcindezi. Ama-blocker wesiteshi se-calcium ephumelelayo - INifedipine ne-Amlodipine, ama-renin inhibitors - i-Aliskiren. Odokotela be-ambulensi basebenzisa futhi i-magnesia ephumelelayo (i-magnesia sulfate), eyehlisa kakhulu izingcindezi zombili. Iqembu elingeziwe lezidakamizwa lifaka i-Prazosin endimeni ye-alpha-blocker, i-Apresin, i-No-Shpa, i-Papaverine njenge-antispasmodics.
Isixazululo esilula futhi eshibhile kunazo zonke sizoba ngamalungiselelo emvelo avela eqenjini le-sedative - pepper mint, valerian. Vele, awukwazi ukususa ngokuphelele izimpawu zesifo ngalezi zindlela, kudingeka uthole futhi ususe imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo.
Kunconywe ngokuqinile ukuthi usebenzise noma yimuphi umuthi ngemuva kokuthola uchwepheshe futhi unake izimpawu ezikhethekile ezikhonjiswe kwimiyalo.
Lapho unquma umuthi, kufanele kwenziwe ushintsho ekungabekezelelekeni nasekuphikisweni komuntu ngamunye.
Iseluleko esingeziwe sochwepheshe
Kungenzeka futhi ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngezindlela zabantu ezifakazelwe. Akufanele uzihlukumeze, ngoba ukwehla okuhlukile kokuphansi, futhi hhayi zombili izinhlobo zokucindezela nakho kubalulekile.
Kuyavela ukuthi umuthi wendabuko ungazidingida ngokuphelele izidingo zomuntu ongaqalanga uhlobo lokuqina lomfutho wegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hawthorn akhiphe kathathu ngosuku kuyindlela enhle yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-pharmacological. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha izipuni ezimbalwa zamajikijolo kanye nohluzo, bese ufaka isiphuzo esiphuma kuminti wetiye.
I-Motherwort, elungiselelwe ngokufanayo, netiye lezimbali ezomile ze-peony ziyasiza. Indlela ekhethekile yizigaxa zemisedari, lapho okwahlukaniswa khona izinto ezizuzisayo zaba notshwala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza ama-cones, i-vodka ne-valerian embizeni, uthele ushukela bese ushiya ukumnika amasonto amabili. Ukukhishwa okuholele kuthathwa etiipuni kathathu ngosuku.
Ukwakheka kokudla kuyindlela eqinisekile yokucindezela okuzinzile ngisho nasekhulile. Ukukhishwa ngobuningi bokudla okunamafutha, utshwala, amasoseji obhemayo neminye imikhiqizo, izinkathi zikasawoti ngokweqile nosawoti. Kufanele udle imifino nezithelo eziningi, ugarliki, unikeze inyama ebilisiwe. I-Morning coffee, eneqhaza ekuthuthukiseni umfutho wehypertension, idinga ukushintshwa ngamajusi. Ukudla kufanele kube nokudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic.
Izilungiselelo ezikhethekile ze-acupuncture zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zaseMpumalanga njengekhambi eliyinkimbinkimbi. Imvamisa, ochwepheshe batusa ukubeka iphakethe le-ice noma nje into ebandayo ngemuva kwentamo, ngenkathi isesiswini esiswini. Ngakho-ke ungalala phansi isigamu sehora, ngaphandle kokupholisa okuqinile, bese welula ngenkuthalo isifunda esibandayo. Uma kunesidingo, unciphise kakhulu ukushaya kwenhliziyo nengcindezi, ungacindezela kalula iminwe yakho kwizibuko zamehlo, ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, i-extracardiac Refx icushiwe futhi ithoni ye-vagus nerve inyuka, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwengcindezi yegazi.
Izizathu zokucindezela okuphezulu okuphakeme zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
