Izindlela zendabuko zokunciphisa ushukela ngemuva kokudla zifaka insulin yomuntu omfushane. Enye yezidakamizwa ezidumile, i-Actrapid, ibilwa nesifo sikashukela iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uye wakhombisa ikhwalithi yakhe enhle kakhulu futhi wasindisa izigidi zabantu.
Njengamanje, sekuvele kukhona ama-insulin amasha, athuthukisiwe asehlinzeka nge-glycemia ejwayelekile futhi akhululekile ekushiyekeni kwabandulelayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Actrapid ayizikhiphi izikhundla zayo futhi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
Imiyalo emifushane yokusetshenziswa
I-Actrapid ingelinye lama-insulin okuqala atholakala indlela yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Yakhiwa okokuqala ngo-1982 ngabakhathaza bezemithi uNovo Nordisk, ongomunye wabathuthukisi abakhulu bezidakamizwa zikashukela emhlabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, abanesifo sikashukela kwakufanele baneliswe nge-insulin yezilwane, eyayinezinga eliphansi lokuhlanzwa kanye ne-allergenicity ephezulu.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
I-Actrapid itholakala kusetshenziswa amagciwane aguquliwe, umkhiqizo ophelile uwuphinda ngokuphelele i-insulin ekhiqizwa kubantu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvumela ukufeza umphumela omuhle we-hypoglycemic nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwekhambi, okunciphise ingozi yokungezwani komzimba nokulimala endaweni yomjovo. I-radar (irejista yemithi ebhaliswe nguMnyango Wezempilo) ikhombisa ukuthi lo muthi ungenziwa futhi upakishwe eDenmark, eFrance naseBrazil. Ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwenziwa kuphela eYurophu, ngakho-ke akukho kungabaza ngekhwalithi yomuthi.
Imininingwane emfushane nge-Actrapide yemiyalo esetshenzisiwe, okufanele isazi sikashukela ngasinye sijwayelane nayo:
| Isenzo | Ivuselela ukuguqulwa koshukela kusuka egazini kuya izicubu, ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-glycogen, amaprotheni namafutha. |
| Ukwakheka |
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| Izinkomba |
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| Contraindication | Ukuvela komuntu ngamunye kusuka kumasosha omzimba angashabalali amasonto ama-2 kusukela kuqale ukuphathwa kwe-insulin noma kwenzeka ngesimo esibi:
I-Actrapid Inqatshelwe ukusebenzisa kumaphampu we-insulin, ngoba ithambekele ekukhaleni futhi ingavimba uhlelo lokungenisa. |
| Ukukhetha kwedosi | I-Actrapid iyadingeka ukunxephezela ushukela ongena egazini ngemuva kokudla. Umthamo wesidakamizwa ubalwa ngenani lama-carbohydrate akhona ekudleni. Ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwamayunithi esinkwa. Umthamo we-insulin ku-1XE unqunywa ukubalwa, ama-coefficients ngamanye alungiswa ngokuya ngemiphumela yokulinganiswa kwe-glycemia. Umthamo uthathwa njengowulungile uma ushukela wegazi ubuyela ezingeni lawo lasekuqaleni ngemuva kokuphela kwesenzo se-Actrapid insulin. |
| Isenzo esingafunwa | Uma umthamo wedluliwe, i-hypoglycemia iyenzeka, okungaholela ekhefeni ngemuva kwamahora. Ukwehla kancane ushukela kubangela ukulimala okungalungiseki kwimicu yezinzwa, kusule izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, kubenze kube nzima ukuzithola. Uma kwenzeka wephula inqubo yokujova ye-Actrapid insulin noma ngenxa yezici ngazinye zezicubu eziqondayo, i-lipodystrophy kungenzeka, imvamisa yazo zenzeka zingaphansi kwe-1%. Ngokusho kwemiyalo, lapho kushintshwa kuyi-insulin kanye nokwehla ngokushesha koshukela, ukusabela okuvela eceleni kwesikhashana okunyamalala ngokwako kuyenzeka: ukungaboni kahle, ukuvuvukala, i-neuropathy. |
| Ukuhlanganiswa neminye imithi | I-insulin ilungiselelo elintekenteke, kwisirinji esisodwa nje linghlanganiswa ne-saline kanye nama-insulin aphakathi nendawo, okungcono kumkhiqizi ofanayo (i-Protafan). I-Actrapid insulin dilution iyadingeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esinozwela oluphezulu lwe-hormone, ngokwesibonelo, izingane ezincane. Inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezisebenza phakathi nendawo isetshenziselwa uhlobo 2 sikashukela, imvamisa kubantu asebekhulile. Ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwezidakamizwa ezithile kungathinta umsebenzi we-insulin. I-Hormonal ne-diuretics ingawenza buthaka umphumela we-Actrapid, nemithi yesimanje yokucindezela futhi ngisho ne-tetracycline ene-aspirin ingakuqinisa. Iziguli ekwelashweni kwe-insulin kufanele zifunde ngokucophelela isigaba se- "Ukuxhumana" emiyalweni yazo zonke izidakamizwa abahlela ukuzisebenzisa. Uma kuvela ukuthi umuthi ungathinta isenzo se-insulin, umthamo we-Actrapid kuzodingeka uguqulwe okwesikhashana. |
| Ukukhulelwa kanye ne-GV | Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ne-lactation i-Actrapid ivunyelwe. Umuthi awunqamuleli i-placenta, ngakho-ke, awunakuthinta ukukhula kwesibeletho. Idlulela ubisi lwebele ngamanani amancane, ngemuva kwalokho ihlukaniswe emgodini wokugaya wengane. |
| Ifomu lokukhipha i-Actrapid insulin | I-radar ifaka izinhlobo ezi-3 zesidakamizwa esivunyelwe ukuthengiswa eRussia:
Okwenziwayo, kuthengiswa kuphela amabhodlela (i-Actrapid NM) nama-cartridge (i-Actrapid NM Penfill). Zonke izinhlobo ziqukethe ukulungiswa okufanayo ngenqwaba yama-insulin nge-millilita yesisombululo. |
| Isitoreji | Ngemuva kokuvula, i-insulin igcinwa amasonto ayi-6 endaweni emnyama, izinga lokushisa elivunyelwe lifinyelela ku-30 ° C. Ukufakwa kwesikhala kufanele kuqandiswe. Okokuqothula i-Actrapid insulin akuvunyelwe. Bona lapha >> imithetho ejwayelekile yokugcinwa kwe-insulin. |
I-Actrapid minyaka yonke ifakwa ohlwini lwe-Vital and Essential Izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangayithola mahhala, ngemithi kadokotela wakho.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe
I-Actrapid NM isho okufushane (uhlu lwama-insulin amafushane), kepha hhayi izidakamizwa ze-ultrashort. Uqala ukwenza isenzo ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, ngakho-ke bamethula kusenesikhathi. I-glucose ekudleni okune-GI ephansi (ngokwesibonelo, i-buckwheat enenyama) ikwazile "ukubamba" le-insulin futhi uyisuse egazini ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngama-carbohydrate asheshayo (ngokwesibonelo, itiye elinekhekhe), i-Actrapid ayikwazi ukulwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokudla i-hyperglycemia izokwenzeka ngokungenakuphikwa, okuyobe kunciphe kancane kancane. Ukugxuma okunjalo ushukela akugcini nje ngokubhebhethekisa inhlalakahle yesiguli, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekuqhubekeni kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ukunciphisa ukukhula kwe-glycemia, isidlo ngasinye esine-Insulin Actrapid kufanele sibe ne-fiber, amaprotheni, noma amanoni.
Isikhathi sesenzo
I-Actrapid isebenza amahora angama-8. Amahora okuqala ayi-5 - isenzo sokuqala, bese - ukubonakaliswa okuyinsalela. Uma i-insulin ikhokhwa kaningi, umphumela wemithamo emibili uzonqwabelana. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukubala umthamo owuthandayo womuthi, okwandisa ubungozi be-hypoglycemia. Ukuze usebenzise ngempumelelo umuthi, ukudla nemijovo ye-insulin kudinga ukusatshalaliswa njalo ngamahora ama-5.
Umuthi unesenzo esiphakeme ngemuva kwamahora 1.5-5,5. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lokudla linesikhathi sokugaya, ngakho-ke i-hypoglycemia iyenzeka. Ukuze uyigweme, udinga umthamo we-1-2 XE. Sekukonke, ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ngosuku, kutholakala izidlo ezi-3 eziphambili nezingu-3. I-Insulin Actrapid ilawulwa kuphela ngaphambi kwalena eyinhloko, kepha umthamo wayo ubalwa uthathwa ngokudla okulula.
Isingeniso imithetho
Izilwane ezivikelekile nge-Actrapid HM zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngama-insulin ama-insulin abhalwe U-100. Ama-Cartridges - ngama-syringes kanye namapheya wesirinji: i-NovoPen 4 (umthamo wesinyathelo 1 unit), NovoPen Echo (0.5 unit).
Ukuze i-insulin isebenze kahle kusifo sikashukela, kufanele ufunde inqubo yokujova emiyalweni yokuyisebenzisa futhi uyilandele ngqo. Imvamisa, i-Actrapid ifakwa ku-crease esiswini, isirinji sigcinwa esinqeni esikhumbeni. Ngemuva kokufakwa, inaliti ayisuswa imizuzwana eminingana ukuvikela isixazululo siphume. I-insulin kufanele ibe ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngaphambi kokuphatha, kubalulekile ukubheka usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi nokubukeka kwalo muthi.
Ibhodlela elinezinhlamvu, udaka noma amakristalu ngaphakathi alwenqatshiwe.
Qhathanisa namanye ama-insulin
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-molecule ye-Actrapid ifana ne-insulin yabantu, umphumela wabo uhlukile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphatha okulula umuthi. Udinga isikhathi sokushiya izicubu ezinamafutha aze afike egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ithambekele ekwakhekeni kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezicubu, ezivimbela futhi ukuncishiswa koshukela ngokushesha.
Ama-insulin amaningi wesimanje we-ultrashort - i-Humalog, NovoRapid ne-Apidra - ancishwa kulokhu kushiyeka. Baqala ukusebenza ngaphambili, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukususa ngisho nama-carbohydrate asheshayo. Isikhathi sabo sincishisiwe, futhi akunakuba nesilinganiso esiphakeme, ngakho-ke ukudla kungaphindaphindeka kakhulu, futhi ukudla okulula akudingeki. Ngokusho kwezifundo, izidakamizwa ze-ultrashort zinikeza ukulawulwa okungcono kwe-glycemic kune-Actrapid.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Actrapid insulin yesifo sikashukela kungavunyelwa:
- ezigulini ezinamathela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carb, ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2;
- ezinganeni ezidla njalo amahora amathathu.
Malini umuthi? Izinzuzo ezingathandabuzeki zale insulin yintengo yayo ephansi: i-1 unit ye-Actrapid ibiza ama-kopecks angama-40 (ama-ruble angama-400 ngebhodlela elingu-10 ml), i-ultrashort hormone - izikhathi ezi-3 ezibizayo.
Ama-Analog
Ukulungiselela kwe-insulin yabantu okunesakhiwo esifanayo samangqamuzana nezakhiwo ezifanayo:
| Ama-Analog | Umkhiqizi | Intengo, hlikihla. | |
| izinqola | amabhodlela | ||
| I-Actrapid NM | IDenmark, uNovo Nordisk | 905 | 405 |
| Biosulin P | IRussia, i-Pharmstandard | 1115 | 520 |
| I-Insuman Rapid GT | Belarus, Monoinsulin yaseCzech Republic | - | 330 |
| Humulin Njalo | E-USA, u-Eli Lily | 1150 | 600 |
Ukushintshwa kusuka kwesinye i-insulin kuye kwesinye kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zokwelashwa, ngoba ukubuyelwa kwesifo sikashukela kuzoba nzima ngokuqinisekile lapho kukhethwa umthamo.
Kuzoba ngesihloko: kanjani ukubala umthamo we-insulin wokujova
