Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyinkinga kubantu abaningi. Emibuthanweni yezokwelapha, kunesibongo esikhethekile salesi simo - umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Cishe wonke umuntu uzwile ngale ndlela. Lokhu kwephulwa okuqhubekayo kuthinta uhlelo lwezinhliziyo, ngenxa yomonakalo emthethweni wemithambo yegazi nezikhungo zazo.
I-pathogenesis yalesi sifo ukwephulwa kwezindlela zemvelaphi ye-neurohumoral, kanye nokungasebenzi komzimba. Lesi simo ngaso sonke isikhathi sibangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukucindezela okukhulu kulimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, izinso nemisipha yenhliziyo. Isiguli sizwa umsindo ezindlebeni, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinhlungu zenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukubona okulimazayo nezinye izimpawu eziningi.
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo ukuqina komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukunyuka kwayo akuhlotshaniswa nalesi simo, noma impilo engeyinhle yesikhashana, kepha kuyancipha ngemuva kokuphuza imithi ekhethekile eyehlisa umfutho wegazi. Esimweni esijwayelekile, kumuntu ophilile, inani le-systolic akufanele lidlule i-140, futhi inani le-diastolic akufanele lidlule i-90.
Uma umuntu enomfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo, udinga ukubonana nodokotela onguchwepheshe ukuze alungiswe. Abesifazane nabesilisa bacishe bathintwe yilesi sifo ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi abantu abangama-40+.
Imvamisa ukwephulwa kuthinta abantu abasha, kepha ubuningi bamacala busesizukulwaneni esidala. Ngaphansi kwethonya laso, i-atherosclerosis iba ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi amathuba okuvela kokuqala akhula kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindlela zokucindezela kwegazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala zihluke ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophezulu, abantu abasha baqala ukufa kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kungenxa yocingo sekwephuzile ukuya kudokotela, noma noma ukungakunaki ngokuphelele inhlala-kahle. I-Pathanatomy ihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zehypertension:
- Okuqakathekileko (okuqakathekileko) i-hypertension. Lolu hlobo lwakha cishe ama-90% azo zonke izimo zokuwohloka komzimba. Kuyinto engapheli, futhi ukungalingani ezinhlelweni zomzimba kuvusa ukwanda kwengcindezi.
- Izimpawu (zesekondari) zibalwa zamacala asele wokungasebenzi komzimba. Ngaphansi kwethonya laso, isifo siyakhonjwa, esithathwa njengesona esiyinhloko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: izifo ze-renal (isifo sofuba, i-hydronephrosis, i-malignancies, i-renal artery stenosis), ukuphazamiseka kwe-yegilo, izifo ze-adrenal, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
Lezi zigaba zinokubonakaliswa okuhlukile, kepha imiphumela inzima ngokulinganayo. Ukuvakashela uchwepheshe ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosiza ukuvikela ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiluphi uphawu lwe-hypertension enezimpawu nokuthi hlobo luni lwesifo okudingekile ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo.
Isifo senhliziyo esithanda ukwanda kwenhliziyo senzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngomzuzu, nangenxa yokumelana nokuphuma kwegazi. Isici sokuxineka kuvusa ukwephulwa komthetho wethoni ye-vascular ohlangothini lwesikhungo sobuchopho. Ekungeneni kwe-arteriole, kwenziwa i-spasm eyakha ama-syndromes e-dyscircular kanye ne-dyskinetic.
Ukuqashelwa kwama-neurohormones ngaphansi kwethonya le nqubo kuyanda. Umthamo wegazi elijikeleza ezitsheni uyanda ngenxa ye-aldosterone, ebandakanyeka ekushintshanisweni kwamaminerali futhi igcine amanzi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lalenqubo, inkomba yokucindezela kwe-arterial iyanda.
I-Hypertensive syndrome yenza igazi libe likhulu, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukudlulisa izakhi zomzimba nokuhamba kwazo, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezitholakala izicubu zihamba kancane. Kuzoba kungaphenduki, esimweni sokuncipha okuphelele kokukhanya kwemikhumbi nokuqina kwezindonga zazo. Njengomphumela walokhu, i-atherossteosis, noma i-ellastofibrosis, ingahle ikhule kungekudala, ngenxa yokuthi izicubu zithola izilonda zesibili.
Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, i-phenomena efana ne-myocardial sclerosis, i-nephroangiosulinosis eyinhloko yenzeka. Isifo esinjalo singathinta isitho ngasinye ngezindlela ezahlukene, konke kuncike ebungozini bomzimba. I-Hypertension ithinta kakhulu imithambo yenhliziyo, ubuchopho nezinso.
Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwezinhlobo zehypertension. Uhlobo luhluka ngokuya ngezimo, izimbangela zesilonda, inkambo. Umgomo we-etiological of ngezigaba uhlinzeka ngobukhona be-hypertension yamabanga aphansi naphezulu Ngokwenkambo, ingabinokulinganisa (iqhubeka kancane kakhulu) futhi ilimale (ngokufanele ngokushesha). Kunetafula elikhethekile elinezinkomba zezimpawu.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kufaka izigaba zokwandisa inkomba ye-diastolic, eyakha isithombe sasemtholampilo. Futhi, ngokuya ngenkambo, izigaba eziningana zomfutho wegazi ohlukahlukene zihlukaniswa. Uhlobo lokwelashwa kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa isimo kuncike esiteji. Lezi zigaba zesifo ziyahlukaniswa:
- Isigaba sokuqala (sidlula ngobumnene). Ukucindezela kungashintshashintsha, izinkomba azizethembi. Isifo se-Hypertensive siyinto engavamile enenkambo yesikhashana. Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi nezitho zangaphakathi azikathinteki.
- Esigabeni sesibili, ubunzima be-hypertensive buyajwayeza. Kuguqulwa ushintsho ebuchosheni, ama-ventricles enhliziyo atholakala emonakalweni, izinto ezisegazini zishintsha okwejwayelekile zibe ngamanani abucayi.
Isigaba sokugcina, sesithathu, sibonisa inkambo eqatha kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ingozi eyengeziwe yokuqhekeka kwegazi, izicubu zenhliziyo ziba buthaka, izinqubo ze-pathological ziyathuthuka.
I-Hypertension yenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziningi.
Ukuze ikwazi ukuzibonakalisa, kudingeka inkimbinkimbi yezizathu ezingaqala inqubo.
Kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, futhi uma kunezidingo zokuthi kuba yinto engalapheki. Kungenzeka futhi ngaphansi kwethonya elide lesimo esicindezelayo, ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo nezinzwa.
Lesi sifo sibonakala kakhulu kubantu abamisebenzi yabo eyinhloko umsebenzi wezengqondo, isigaba 40+. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini. Uma umuntu enezinto okungenani ezingama-2 kusuka kuhlu lwezimpawu zobungozi, udinga ukubhekisisa impilo yakho ngokucophelela.
Izimbangela zomfutho wegazi ophezulu:
- Isakhi sofuzo. Ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izifo zezifo ihlobene nelifa.
- Iminyaka. Kwabesilisa, isikhathi esiyingozi siqala eminyakeni engama-35 kuye kwengama-50, kuthi kwabesifazane kuba yisikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
- Iminyaka engu-50+ inyusa ithuba lokugula.
- Izimo ezicindezelayo. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko ngenxa ye-adrenaline, ekhuthaza ukushesha kwenhliziyo, ukwanda kwengcindezi.
- Ukudla usawoti ngokweqile. Inani loketshezi oluyimpompo lunyuka ngenxa yesodium, eligcina emzimbeni.
- Ukubhema kunomthelela kuma-spasms emithambo evusa ukwakheka kwamathafa we-atherosulinotic. Bona-ke, bathintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala. Uma utshwala busetshenziswa nsuku zonke, izinkomba zanda ngokuqinile njalo ngonyaka.
- Ukuba khona kwengozi yokungasebenzi kungakhuphuka ngo-30%.
- Ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile yisona provocateur esiyinhloko, esiqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezinye izinto ezihlobene.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kuqale ngokushesha, kufanele wazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ongahlangana nazo. Lesi sifo sinezimpawu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Uma okungenani eyodwa yazo ivela, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe ngokushesha. Zimpawu ikakhulukazi kwe-hypertension. Izimpawu eziphambili ze-hypertension, ochwepheshe bafaka ukukhanda isikhathi eside esifundeni se-occipital nasethempelini; ukugabha okuphikelelayo ukuba khona kwe-nausea; ukungaboni kahle umsindo, imisindo engaphandle ezindlebeni, ukulimala kokuzwa okuyingxenye; ukuba khona komoya omfishane; ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo; ukungahambi kahle; ukukhathala okungapheli; umfutho wegazi ophikelelayo; ukuphazamiseka kokulala; ukuhlikihla ikhanda; ukushuba kwemilenze.
Lokhu kuvezwa kungenzeka kungahlobene ne-hypertension, kepha kubonisa kahle izinkinga zempilo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokubonakaliswa okuningi, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela ozoxilonga futhi anikeze ukwelashwa okwanele.
Uma kuvela izimpawu, udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha ukuze ochwepheshe baqinisekise noma baphike ukuba khona kwe-pathology.
Ngokushesha lapho umuntu enza lokhu, kuzoba lula ukwelapha lesi sifo nokuvikela ukulimala kwesitho.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuhlinzeka ngesilinganiso esiyisibopho sokucindezela kwegazi ezandleni. Uma isiguli sikhulile, khona-ke sikalwa endaweni yokuma.
Futhi, ukuxilongwa kwezifo kufanele kuhloswe ukuthola imbangela ye-pathology.
Ukuxilonga kubandakanya ukutholakala:
- ukuqoqwa komlando wezokwelapha;
- I-SMAD;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical;
- urinalysis;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol;
- I-X-ray
- ama-echocardiograms;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra kwenhliziyo kanye nesisu sesisu;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus;
- electroencephalograms;
- izifundo zezinga lama- triglycerides egazini;
- i-urography;
- i-aortography;
- I-CT yezinso nezindlala ze-adrenal;
Lezi zinqubo zingasho ukuthi umuntu unaso yini isifo. Uma kutholakala amanye ama-pathologies, indlela yezinguquko zokwelashwa kanye namaqiniso amasha ayaphenywa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuchazwa indlela yokwelashwa, enikeza izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, isiguli sizothatha umuthi okhethekile obekwe uchwepheshe.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuzenzela ngokwakho ukuxilongwa futhi welashwe, ngoba umfutho wegazi ophakeme yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi okuthi, uma welashwa ngendlela engafanele, ungalimaza kakhulu izitho zomzimba.
Ekwelapheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme, udaba olubalulekile olusezingeni eliphezulu alugcini nje ngokuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi, kodwa futhi nokubuyiselwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene.
Ukwelapha kwalo okugcwele akunakwenzeka, kepha ukumisa ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe nokunciphisa ubunzima bezinkinga ezinkulu zegazi kunengqondo.
Noma iziphi izigaba zesifo zidinga indlela ehlanganisiwe, efaka:
- Ukuhambisana nokudla okukhethekile kokulapha, okuzokhethwa ngakunye ngokuya ngezimpawu zesiguli.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo, uma kunesidingo esinjalo.
- Ukuyeka utshwala nokubhema. Uma ungayeki, mane ubeke umkhawulo wenani.
- Khulisa ukusebenza komzimba. Ukubhukuda, okuyinkimbinkimbi yezokwelapha yokuzivocavoca, ukuhamba kuzoba wusizo.
- Ukuthatha umuthi nokuqapha ngudokotela oyi-cardiologist.
Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ama-ejenti anomphumela we-hypotensive anikezwa ngenkuthalo. Imithi ikhethwa ngawodwana, ngokuya ngezimpawu zomzimba womuntu. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuzoba nemithi engaphezu kweyodwa; ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya uhla lonke lwezidakamizwa ukuze ugcine isimo siphilile.
Izinhloso ezintathu kufanele zitholakale ekwelashweni:
- isikhashana: ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi;
- Isikhathi esiphakathi: sinciphise ubungozi bezinkinga nezinye izifo;
- yesikhathi eside: ukuvikela izifo impilo yonke; umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukuthi imiphumela yokuqina kwegazihayi izonqunywa kanjani yisigaba kanye nezinkinga. Ngemuva kwesigaba 1, udokotela wezifo zengqondo ududuza kakhudlwana. Esigabeni 3 esinenkambo enkulu nezinkinga ezinkulu, kunengozi enkulu yokuhlangabezana nezinkinga kanye namanani andayo ezinkinga ezikhulu kakhulu.
Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuvimba: kokubili okuyisisekelo nokuyisisekelo. Okuyisisekelo kufaka ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingaba yingozi empilweni. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ngokumelene nokubonakaliswa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Imithwalo esemzimbeni, ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi, izindlela ezinhle zokudla, ukulayisha ngokomqondo kuzoba wusizo. Udinga futhi ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuhlelekile, noma okungenani uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho njalo. Lokhu kungenziwa esibhedlela kanye nasekhaya usebenzisa i-tonometer. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sifo singavikeleka sodwa.
Uma kunokuqagelwa kofuzo, kubalulekile ukuthi izici zengozi zangaphandle zingatholakali nhlobo.
Ukudla okungenamsoco kungaba ngezinye zezinto ezidala lesi sifo. Ingathatha isinqumo ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye zethonya.
Ukudla okugcwele kakhulu kuholela ekomeni okwandayo, isiguli siphuza ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kugcizelela uhlelo lwenhliziyo.
Umthwalo onjalo uwuthwala kanzima, okuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi. Ithonya elide lezinqubo lingavusa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Abantu abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme badinga ukuguqula amasiko abo okudla.
Imikhiqizo ebangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu ifaka:
- izinhlobo ezinotshizi;
- izinongo;
- ukudla okusemathinini;
- usawoti ngokweqile;
- inyama enamafutha;
- imikhiqizo ebhemayo;
- amasoseji;
- amaqanda
- usawoti;
- noma yiziphi izinhlobo zotshwala;
- ikhofi eqinile netiye;
- ukudla okuthosiwe.
Bangathathelwa indawo ngama-stewed abilisiwe, imifino nezithelo. Ukufakwa esikhundleni okunjalo kuzonciphisa kaningi ingozi yokukhuluphala kwegazi. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukondliwa akuyona into enqumayo, uma zisekhona izimfanelo zesifo, kufanele ulungise indlela yokuphila.
Ngakho-ke, ukunamathela kokudla okufanele kubalulekile hhayi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuphela, kepha futhi nokuvikela isifo senhliziyo.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, ngaphezu kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezikhethekile, udinga ukunamathela ekudleni.
Ukudla okuphathelene nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuhlanganisa ukuqokwa kweThebula No. 10.
Ukudla kukhethekile futhi kuhlinzekela umbuso okhethekile.
Kuyadingeka ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle, ukukhawulela usawoti osetshenzisiwe, yidla kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane. Ama-carbohydrate namafutha ezilwane kufanele akhawulelwe.
Futhi, okunye ukudla kudinga ukususwa ekudleni. Bacasula ukuvela kwama-pathologies, bese benza inqubo yokwelashwa ibe nzima. Uma uqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa, umphumela wokwelashwa ngeke. Le mikhiqizo ifaka:
- ushukela
- amazambane
- isinkwa
- I-pasta
- amafutha ezilwane; ghee;
- amaqanda
- okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu;
- ukhilimu omuncu.
Lokhu kudla kufanele kubhekwe isikhathi eside. Kuyalulekwa ekugcineni kwenkambo yokwelapha. Ukuze ukondleka kuqedwe, imikhiqizo elimazayo kufanele ithathelwe indawo. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-prunes; uju; uviniga ulamula cranberries. Ungahluka ekudleni ngojamu ongenashukela.
Le mikhiqizo izosiza ekuphambukiseni indlela yokudla futhi isheshise inqubo yokupholisa.
Yini umfutho wegazi ophakeme ozotshela uchwepheshe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
