Isifo se-Hypertensive kungukuphikelela okuqhubekayo futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside komfutho wegazi (umfutho wegazi ophezulu), owenzeke ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zangaphambilini.
Imvamisa, lesi simo sihambisana nezimpawu zobuntu, futhi ukwenzeka kwaso kungahlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwama-pathologies nezifo ezihambisanayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda kabanzi ukuthi kungani kungaqhamuka, nokuthi ungalunikeza kanjani usizo lokuqala lwenkinga ye-hypertensive.
Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwegazi
Isimo se-Hypertensive, ngeshwa, yinto evamile esikhathini sethu.
Kuyingozi ukuthi angabamangalisa abantu abaphilile abangasoli nokuthi banezinkinga ngokucindezelwa.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuvela kwesimo se-pathological.
Cabanga ngezizathu ezithinta ngqo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo segazi.
I-Hypertension - iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ezimweni eziningi, iziguli aziziphuthi izidakamizwa ezi-antihypertensive, kodwa zizilahle masisha lapho ingcindezi ijwayela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi udinga ukuphuza amaphilisi njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ubungozi bokuthola ubunzima bukhuphuka nsuku zonke;
I-Atherossteosis yisifo lapho i-cholesterol ifakwa khona ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, yakhe ama-plaque. Lama-plaque avela ku-lumen yomkhumbi, akhula kancane futhi aphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi emikhunjini ethintekile. Inkambo engazinzile yesifo ingaholela enkingeni ye-hypertensive;
Isifo sezinso - singaba yi-pyelonephritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-renal pelvis), i-glomerulonephritis (ukulimala kwe-glomeruli ye-renal, imvamisa umlingiswa we-autoimmune), i-nephroptosis (ukuphuma kwesinso);
Isifo sikashukela mellitus - ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, abanesifo sikashukela bakhula nezinkinga eziningi, ezibandakanya isifo sikashukela esincanyana- kanye ne-macroangiopathy (ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi emincane nemikhulu). Ngenxa yokwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile, umfutho ukhuphuka kakhulu. Futhi, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwezinso), okuthinta kakhulu umfutho wegazi;
Izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine - lokhu kungafaka i-pheochromocytoma (isimila se-adrenal medulla ekhiqiza ama-hormone adrenaline ne-norepinephrine ngokweqile; banesibopho sokwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezicindezelayo), Isifo se-Itsenko-Cushing (ama-glucocorticoids - ama-hormone e-cortical atholwe ngokweqile okukhulu) i-adrenal glands), i-hyperaldosteronism eyinhloko noma isifo sikaCte (kulokhu, kukhiqizwa i-aldosterone eningi, ebhekene nomzimba nosawoti womzimba), n NZama menopause (ukuhluleka hormone kwenzeka), i-hyperthyroidism (libhekene uketshezi lelitfutfukile hormone egilo engeziwe, okuyinto banesibopho kwenhliziyo, kwenhliziyo ingcindezi);
Izifo ze-Autoimmune - lokhu kufaka i-lupus erythematosus ehlelekile, i-rheumatism, i-scleroderma, i-periarteritis nodosa.
Izici ezinikezayo zingaba:
- uhlobo lwezinzwa olubalulekile;
- ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala;
- umlutha kasawoti etafuleni (kugcina amanzi emzimbeni);
- ukugcwala okuqinile ngokomzimba.
Isizathu esengeziwe sokuvusa amandla kungaba ukungalingani kwamanzi-electrolyte (ikakhulukazi ukwephulwa kwesilinganiso se-sodium / potassium).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga nokubonakaliswa kwazo
Ngokuya ngomshini wokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi, kunokuhlukaniswa okubili kwezinkinga ezinomfutho wegazi.
Esokuqala sisuselwa ekutheni izitho ezihlosiwe (inhliziyo, izinso, amaphaphu nobuchopho) ziyathinteka.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesibili kuncike ngqo kumbangela yenkinga yegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lungabonakala ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ngokuvumelana, bahlukanisa:
- Inkinga engenzima ukugxuma okubukhali okufanayo ekucindezelweni kwegazi, kepha lapho izitho ezihlosiwe zingazange zihlupheke, okungukuthi: akukho infarction ye-myocardial, stroke, i-pulmonary edema, kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngale hlobo, asikho isidingo sokulethwa esibhedlela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwezokwelapha kuyakuvimba ngokuphelele;
- Inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi - ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo, eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zinkinga ezingenhla zikhona. Kulokhu, ukulashwa esibhedlela ngokushesha nokunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okudingakalayo kuyadingeka. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunasici ukuthi kufanele wehlise kakhulu ingcindezi!
Uhlobo lwe-Neurovegetative - inhlekelele yalolu hlobo ivame ukuvela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okukhulu ngokomzwelo. Ngenxa yokungezwani kwemizwa, kukhululwa inani elikhulu le-adrenaline.
I-hormone engena ohlelweni lokujikeleza iholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu ekhanda, ikakhulukazi entanyeni nasethempelini, isiyezi, i-tinnitus, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza okungatheni, ukubhebhetheka phambi kwamehlo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokushaya ngamandla okukhulu, ukumbumbuluzwa inani elikhulu lokujuluka, umuzwa womlomo owomile, izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, ubomvu bobuso futhi, ngokweqiniso, kwenyuka umfutho wegazi, ikakhulukazi i-systolic kune-diastolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli azinakuphumula kakhulu, zikhathazekile, zinovalo futhi zizizwa zinokwesaba.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo se-hypertensive kungenzeka lungabi yingozi futhi luholela ezingxakini ezinkulu kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Lapho isimo sithuthuka, ukuchama kaningi kucishe kwenzeka, kuvame ukuthatha kungabi ngaphezu kwamahora amahlanu.
Uhlobo lwe-Edematous (amanzi-usawoti) - luvame ukutholakala kubantu besifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, abavame ukuphupha ukukhipha amakhilogremu angeziwe. Iningi lalaba besifazane selivele linokuya esikhathini, lilandelwe ukungalingani kwe-hormonal. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin 2-aldosterone luyahlupheka. URenin unesibopho sokwandisa umfutho wegazi, i-angiotensin ivuselela imithambo yegazi, bese i-aldosterone igcina amanzi emzimbeni nge-sodium.
I-Hyperfunction yalolu hlelo iholela ekukhuleni kancane kancane kwengcindezi. Iziguli ezinje azisebenzi, ziphelelwa yisifiso sempilo, zifuna ukulala njalo, azihlale zithambekele ngokomoya. Isikhumba sabo sivame ukupenda, ubuso babo buphanjeke, buvuvukala, kanti izinkophe neminwe zidumbile.
Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, abesifazane bangahle bakhalaze ngobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukuchama okungandile nokuncane (ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso), umuzwa wokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinhliziyo (i-extrasystole - izivumelwano ezingavamile). Ingcindezi ikhuphuka ngokulinganayo - kokubili i-systolic ne-diastolic. Uhlobo oluxakile lwenkinga nalo alunakuba yingozi, kanye ne-neuro-imifino, kepha ubude bayo bungaba isikhathi eside.
Uhlobo oluqinisayo mhlawumbe olunzima kakhulu futhi luyingozi. Ngale hlobo, imithambo emincane yobuchopho ithinteka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokugxuma okubukhali kumfutho wegazi, balahlekelwa amandla okuqondisa ithoni yabo ngokujwayelekile, njengomphumela wokuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kuzicubu zobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-edema yamakhemikhali iyakhula. Kungathatha izinsuku ezintathu. Lapho ingcindezi inyukela kwizibalo eziphezulu, iziguli ziqala ukugoqa, bese zihluleka ukwazi.
Ngemuva kokubanjwa inkunzi, zingahle zingaphinde ziphinde ziqaphele, noma ukuphazamiseka kwememori nokuzilawula kungaphawulwa. Umbono uvame ukunyamalala. Uhlobo olukholisayo lwenkinga luyingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zalo - ukutholakala kohlobo lokushaywa unhlangothi, ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye.
Ngisho nokukhohlisa nokufa kuyenzeka.
Usizo lokuqala lobunzima be-hypertensive
Ngemizuzu yokuqala udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi.
Ukuhlinzeka, kufanele wazi ngokucacile i-algorithm yezenzo lapho wenza usizo lokuqala.
Okokuqala, isiguli sidinga ukubeka endaweni yokuthi ikhanda liphakanyiswe kancane.
Ngemuva kwalokho uzodinga ukuphuza amaphilisi avela kumaqembu anjengokhemisi emithi enjengalawa:
- ama-blockers wesiteshi se-calcium (iNifedipine ifanelekile lapha);
- i-angiotensin eguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors (amaphilisi ama-2 we-Captopril kufanele ahlafunwe emlonyeni);
- izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator, noma i-antispasmodics (i-Dibazol, nokho, ekuqaleni iphakamisa ngokucindezela kakhulu ukucindezela, okuyingozi kakhulu, futhi kuphela lapho kancane kancane kunciphisa, noma i-Papaverine);
- i-beta-blockers (i-metoprolol yamukelekile ikakhulukazi).
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokwelashwa, isiguli sidinga ukubeka ukushisa ezinyaweni zakhe ukuze sandise imithambo ye-spasmodic futhi sithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile. Kungaba i-pad yokushisa noma ithawula elifudumele nelomile. Okulandelayo, kufanele ukhulule isiguli ezingutsheni ezingamvimbela ekuphefumuleni ngokuphelele (ungaqinisi ikhola yehembe, akhulule uthayi wakhe). Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amaphilisi umuntu awathatha ngokuhlelekile ekucindezelweni, ngasiphi isilinganiso, nokuthi anqunyelwe kuye yini. Ngoba kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho kuvela izingqinamba ze-hypotensive nazo ezigulini ezi-hypotensive ezingakudingi ukwelashwa ngaphambili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sithatha i-diuretics, ngokwesibonelo, i-furosemide. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuhlobo lwenkinga yamanzi-usawoti, ngoba ama-diuretics (ama-diuretics) azosiza ukukhipha amanzi amaningi emzimbeni. Ungadonsa amaconsi ambalwa e-corvalol, i-tincture ye-valerian noma i-mamawort, okungenani ukuthambisa umuntu kancane.
Ezimweni eziningi, izicubu zomfutho wegazi ezihambisanayo zihambisana nokuhlaselwa kobuhlungu obukhulu bokuncipha ngemuva kwe-sternum. Lokhu kuyizibonakaliso ze-angina pectoris. Ngokuhlaselwa okunjalo, ithebhulethi elilodwa noma amabili e-nitroglycerin ahlala enikezwa ngaphansi kolimi. Kodwa uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke ingawa kakhulu, bese ikhanda likhula ngamandla. Lo mphumela uvinjelwa yiValidol, ngakho-ke, ngokuhlaselwa kwe-angina pectoris kanye nenkinga, kungcono ukudambisa ingcindezi iNitroglycerin neValidol ngaphansi kolimi.
Lapho ithimba le-ambulensi lifika, bazoqala ukuhlinzeka usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha ngokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zesimo sezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zegazi. Banazo amatafula nezinhlelo ezithile zokubalwa umthamo wezidakamizwa. Imvamisa banikeza umjovo, ohlanganisa ama-antispasmodics, ama-painkillers, ama-beta-blockers, noma ama-angiotensin aguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors. Kungafaka futhi i-magnesia, i-anticonvulsant esebenzayo.
Ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlaselwa nokuvinjwa okuphindaphindwayo
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi le nkinga isiqhamukile, ungalilahli ithemba.
Udinga ukuzama ukuthola amandla futhi uqinisekise ukuphumula okuphelele.
Ukuvuselela isimo ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside uma ulalela ngokucophelela futhi ulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela wakho.
Uhlu olulinganiswayo lwezinyathelo ezizokusiza ukululama ngokushesha ngemuva kwenhlekelele yomfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi ugweme entsha injengokulandelayo:
- kufanele ukhulise ukuphumula kombhede ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokwenzekile, ukucindezela ngokweqile akunamsebenzi ngokuphelele;
- ukusebenza komzimba esikhathini esizayo kuzodingeka kwehliswe ukuze kungadabuki inhliziyo;
- Ukudla kubalulekile, kufanele uqale ukhawule, bese ususa ngokuphelele usawoti ekudleni, ngoba kungumthombo we-sodium futhi kugcina uketshezi emzimbeni;
- kudla ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic;
- izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive ezazinqunywe esibhedlela, kudingeka uzithathe njalo futhi akunakukhishwa ukuthi azinakwa, uma kungenjalo esikhathini esizayo kuzoba nzima ukulawula ingcindezi nakancane;
- uma imbangela yenkinga bekungeyona i-hypertension, kepha enye i-pathology, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwayo kufanele kusingathwe ngokushesha;
- Kuyelulekwa ukugwema ukucindezelwa kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ngokomzwelo;
- ugwayi notshwala kuyodingeka bushiywe;
- uhambo oluya e-sanatorium ngeke lube ngaphezulu - ngaphambi kwalokho, funda izindatshana zokubukeza nokubuyekezwa mayelana nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zezempilo ukukhetha ezifanele kakhulu;
- kuzosiza kakhulu ukufana nemilando yomlomo wesibeletho;
- ikhofi netiye kuqukethe i-caffeine, evusa ingcindezi, ngakho-ke bangcono beshiywe kuma-hypotensives.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale uhlolwa nodokotela wakho.
Imininingwane yesifo se-hypertensive inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
