Isifo sikashukela sabantu abanciphile asifani nesifo sikashukela sabantu abakhuluphele. Ngokwemininingwane enikezwe izibalo zezokwelapha, cishe ama-85% azo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela abakhuluphele, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi isifo sikashukela asenzeki kubantu abanciphile.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala emaphesheni ayi-15% alolu hlobo lesifo. Isayensi ifakazele ngokwethembekile ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezinesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile zingaba nengozi enkulu yokuba nezifo zenhliziyo eziholela ekufeni, uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ezikhuluphele.
Isici sofuzo sinomphumela ongaqondile ekwenzekeni nasekuthuthukisweni kokugula emzimbeni. Umphumela oqondile ekuqhamukeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sifo ngokubonakala kwamafutha e-visceral ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwethambo lesisu, ukubekeka okwenzeka ezithweni zesisu.
Ukudonswa kwamafutha ngokweqile kuholela ekusebenzeni kwesibindi kwezinqubo ezikuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwesibindi namanyikwe. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesimo esingesihle kuholela ekunciphiseni kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin, okwandisa kakhulu ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 emzimbeni womuntu.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isisindo somzimba siphi, abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 kudingeka ukuthi bahlole amazinga kashukela egazini njalo eminyakeni emithathu njalo. Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kukhokhwe kule pharamitha uma kunezici ezinobungozi ezinjengokuthi:
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukuba khona kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela emndenini noma phakathi kwezihlobo eziseduze;
- isifo senhliziyo
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
Kufanele unake izinga elikhulayo le-cholesterol emzimbeni futhi, uma kunesici esinjalo, uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa, lokhu kuzonciphisa ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo kubantu.
Izinhlobo zesifo ezitholakala kwiziguli ezondile futhi zigcwele
Odokotela ama-endocrinologists bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela: uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sincike kwe-insulin. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi ushukela wabantu abadala. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubonakala engxenyeni yabantu abadala, yize eminyakeni yamuva nje lolu hlobo lokugula selutholakala kakhulu esizukulwaneni esincane esisebusheni. Izizathu ezibalulekile zokukhula kwentsha yalolu hlobo lwalesi sifo yilezi:
- ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokudla okufanele;
- Isisindo somzimba esiningi
- indlela yokuphila engasebenzi.
Isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu esenza ukuthi uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luqhume eshumini nambili ukukhuluphala. Kusungulwe ngokuqinile ukuba khona kobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwezinga lokukhuluphala komzimba womuntu kanye namathuba okukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lesi simo sisebenza ngokufanayo kwabadala nakubantwana.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 siyindlela yokuthola isifo i-insulin futhi ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela. Imvamisa, ukubukeka kwalesi sifo kugula kuyabonakala kubantu abasha, kubantu abanomzimba omncane omncane ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, kepha kwezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo lwesifo luyabonakala kubantu abadala.
Ukuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela kubantu abancanyana kakhulu okuvame kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abakhuluphele. Imvamisa, umuntu okhuluphele ngokweqile uhlushwa ukukhula kwesifo sohlobo lwesibili emzimbeni wakhe.
Abantu abancane baboniswa ukuqala kohlobo lwesifo sokuqala - isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu zemetabolism ezenzeka emzimbeni wezinonda.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isisindo akuyona into eyingozi enkulu ekubonakala kokugula. Yize ukukhuluphala ngokweqile akuyona into enkulu ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo, ama-endocrinologists kanye nezazi zezempilo batusa ukuthi kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukugwema izinkinga emzimbeni.
Isifo sikashukela somuntu omncane kanye nefa lakhe?
Ekuzalweni, ingane ithola kuphela isiphetho esivela kubazali sokukhulisa ushukela emzimbeni wakhe, futhi akukho okunye. Ngokusho kwemininingwane enikezwe izibalo, ngisho nasezimweni lapho bobabili abazali bengane behlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amathuba okuthola ukugula emzimbeni wezingane zabo awekho ngaphezu kwe-7%.
Ekuzalweni, ingane ifa kubazali bayo kuphela ukuthambekela kokukhula ngokweqile, ukuthambekela kokuvela kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, isifiso sokuvela kwezifo zenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Lezi zinto ezinobungozi ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela, ezihlobene nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, zingalawulwa kalula ngenqubo efanelekile yale nkinga.
Ukubonakala kwesifo okokuqala kuncike entweni efana nendlela yomuntu yokuphila, futhi akunandaba ukuthi umuntu mncane noma akhuluphele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha omzimba womuntu, ekuphambeni kwefa kungenzeka abe buthaka, ukubukeka nokukhula kwesifo emzimbeni womuntu, okuholela ekubukekeni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane emzimbeni ezingalimaza amaseli e-pancreatic abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuba khona kwezifo ze-autoimmune, okubangelwa ifa lomuntu, nakho kunomthelela ekubukekeni kwesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Esikhathini esiningi ezikhathini ezinjalo, umuntu omncane ufikelwa yisifo sohlobo lokuqala.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kumuntu omncane
Abantu abancane kakhulu bavame ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Lokhu kwahluka kwesifo kuncike kwe-insulin. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli esiphethe lolu hlobo lwesifo siyadingeka ukuphatha njalo izidakamizwa ezibandakanya i-insulin. Umshini wokukhula kwesifo uhlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kancane kancane kwenqwaba yamaseli e-pancreatic abhekele ukwakheka kwe-insulin ye-hormone emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo ezinjalo, umuntu unokuntuleka kwe-hormone emzimbeni okuvusa ukuphazamiseka kuzo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic. Okokuqala, kukhona ukwephulwa kokufakwa kweglue amaseli omzimba, lokhu, kukhulisa izinga layo ku-plasma yegazi.
Lapho kuba khona izivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, umuntu omncane, njengomuntu onokweqile, uthinteka yizifo eziningi ezithathelanayo ezingavusa ukushona kwenani elithile lamaseli we-pancreatic beta, anciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngumzimba womuntu.
Udokotela omuncu onomzimba angathola lesi sifo ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic ngesikhathi sokuqalwa kanye nokukhula kwe-pancreatitis emzimbeni wakhe. Ukubhujiswa kwama-pancreas kuleli cala kwenzeka ngenxa yomphumela wamaseli wezinhlungu zepancreas owakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuba khona kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba olubuthakathaka kumuntu omncane ngokomzimba kungavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-oncological emzimbeni, uma kunezimo ezifanele.
Kamuva bangathinta kabi umsebenzi we-pancreas futhi bavuse ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli.
Imiphumela yokuthola isifo sikashukela emzimbeni womuntu omncane
Ngenxa yokuvezwa yizinto ezingezinhle emzimbeni, umuntu onesifo sikashukela esinobuchopho uhlupheka kusukela ekuqaleni nokwanda kwesifo sikashukela esincike emzimbeni wakhe.
Ngemuva kokushona kwengxenye yamaseli we-pancreatic beta emzimbeni womuntu, inani le-insulin ekhiqizwayo lehla kakhulu.
Lesi simo siholela ekwakhiweni kwemiphumela emibi eminingana:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone akuvumeli ushukela osegazini ukuthi uhanjiswe ngesilinganiso esifanele ngokusebenzisa izindonga zeseli kuya kumaseli ancike ku-insulin. Lesi simo siholela ekubulambeni ushukela.
- Izicubu ezincike e-insulin yilezi lapho ushukela udonswa kuphela ngosizo lwe-insulin, lokhu kufaka izicubu zesibindi, izicubu ze-adipose nezicubu zemisipha.
- Ngokusebenzisa okungapheleli ushukela egazini, inani laso ku-plasma landa njalo.
- Okuqukethwe kweglucose okuphezulu ku-plasma yegazi kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi lingena kumaseli wezicubu ezizimele ze-insulin, lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni komonakalo onobuthi eglucose. Izicubu ezinganciki i-insulin - izicubu ezinamaseli wazo zidla ushukela ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokusebenzisa i-insulin. Lolu hlobo lwezicubu lubandakanya ubuchopho nabanye.
Lezi zimo ezingezinhle ezikhula emzimbeni zivusa ukuqala kwezimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala, ezikhula kakhulu kubantu abanciphile.
Izici ezihlukile zalolu hlobo lwesifo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Le ndlela yalesi sifo ibonakala kubantu abasha abaneminyaka yobudala engakafinyeleli kubha yeminyaka engu-40 ubudala.
- Lolu hlobo lokugula luphawuleka ngabantu abanciphile, imvamisa ekuqaleni kwentuthuko yesifo, nangaphambi kokuvakashela i-endocrinologist futhi ichaze ukwelashwa okufanele, iziguli ziqala ukunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo kwenziwa ngokushesha, okuholela ngokushesha emiphumeleni emibi, futhi isimo sesiguli siba sibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahleka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kombono kushukela kungenzeka.
Njengoba imbangela enkulu yezimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 ukuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni, isisekelo sokwelashwa kwalesi sifo yimijovo ejwayelekile yemithi equkethe ama-hormone. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, umuntu onesifo sikashukela akakwazi ukuba khona ngokujwayelekile.
Imvamisa, nge-insulin therapy, imijovo emibili ngosuku yenziwa - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kumuntu omncane
Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela? Izimpawu eziphambili zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni womuntu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvela kokuzwa okungapheli komile emgodini womlomo, okuhambisana nomuzwa wokoma, okuphoqa umuntu ukuthi aphuze uketshezi oluningi. Kwezinye izimo, inani lamanzi aphuma phakathi nosuku lidlula umthamo wamalitha ama-2.
- Ukwanda okukhulu kwethamo lomchamo elakhekile, okuholela ekuchchweni njalo.
- Ukuvela kokuzwa okungapheli kwendlala. Ukugcotshwa komzimba akwenzeki ngisho nakulezo zimo lapho kwenziwa ukudla okujwayelekile kwama-calorie aphezulu.
- Ukuvela kokwehla okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba. Kwezinye izimo, ukunciphisa umzimba kuthatha uhlobo lokukhathala. Lolu phawu lubonakala kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
- Ukuvela kokukhathala okwandayo komzimba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Lezi zinto zithinta kabi ukusebenza komuntu.
Lezi zimpawu ezingezinhle zesifo zinesimo esifanayo sezingane nabadala abanesifo sikashukela. Isici esihlukile ukuthi zonke lezi zimpawu ebuntwaneni zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziphinyiselwe ngokwengeziwe.
Kumuntu ophethwe yisifo, kungavela ezinye izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zesikhumba ezivame ukuvuvukala ngokwemvelo. Imvamisa, iziguli ziyakhathazeka ngezifo ezinjenge-furunculosis kanye nezifo zokukhunta.
- Izilonda zesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous zipholisa isikhathi eside futhi ziyakwazi ukwakha ukucwaswa.
- Isiguli sinokwehla okukhulu kokuzwela, kunomuzwa wokuqina kwamalunga.
- Imvamisa imvimbi nokuzizwa usindayo emisipha yethole.
- Isiguli siphazanyiswa yibuhlungu bekhanda obuvamisile, futhi kaningi kuba nomuzwa wesiyezi.
- Kunokukhubazeka okubukwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela ezigulini, kunezinkinga ezibangelwa ukwanda kwesifo bese kuthi ukwanda kokuzala kube nzima. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izosiza ekutholeni uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela abantu abanciphile abanaso.
