I-cholesterol yinto efana namafutha ebopha amaprotheni futhi iholele ekwakhekeni kwama-atherosclerotic plaque. Yizinto ezifakwa ngaphakathi emithanjeni yegazi ezothuthukisa ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.
Into ingeyoyesigaba samafutha. Inani elincane - i-20%, lingena emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla komdalo wesilwane. Ezinye - 80%, zenziwa esibindini. Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho nezinhlelo, kufanele kubhekwe ibhalansi ye-cholesterol.
Lapho i-cholesterol ingamayunithi ayi-18, lokhu kukhombisa ukweqisa okujwayelekile izikhathi eziningana, okufaka usongo oluthile empilweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Malini cholesterol? Imvamisa, lizinga lifinyelela kumayunithi angama-5, inani lisuka ku-5 liye ku-6,4 mmol / L - okuqukethwe okunyuswe kancane, okuhlushwa okubucayi ku-7.8 mmol / L
Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi iyiphi ingozi yokuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela babhekana nengozi ne-cholesterol yamayunithi ayi-18, nokuthi yini okufanele bayenze esimweni esinjalo?
Kusho ukuthini ukuthi i-18 mmol / l isho cholesterol?
I-cholesterol yinto engathathi hlangothi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ingxenye ibopha amaprotheni, ivame ukufakwa ezindongeni ze-vascular, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-atherosulinotic.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-hypercholesterolemia, kuyadingeka ukubheka inani le-triglycerides - uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-cholesterol ntho, ukwanda kwalo okuholela ekubonakaleni kwe-pathologies yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Izingozi ze-fat metabolism zixoxwa ezimweni lapho izinqubo ezihlangene zitholakele. Ikakhulu, lokhu kungukunyuka kwe-LDL nokwanda kwenani le-triglycerides phakathi kokuncipha kwe-HDL - cholesterol enhle.
Ngenani le-cholesterol lamayunithi ayi-18, izinqubo ezilandelayo emzimbeni ziyabonakala:
- Izindonga zemithambo ziqina ngenxa yokunamathela kwento efana namafutha;
- Ukuziphatha kwemithambo yegazi kuncishiswa kakhulu;
- Inqubo egcwele yokujikeleza kwegazi iyaphazamiseka;
- Umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo uyawohloka ngenxa yokuhamba kahle kwegazi.
Ngokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinga eliphakeme, kungenzeka ukumisa izinqubo ze-pathological, ezizonciphisa bonke ubungozi emiphumeleni emincane. Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuholela emgudwini ohlelweni lwenhliziyo, ngenxa yalokho ukufakelwa kwe-myocardial, inkinga ye-hypertensive, isifo senhliziyo sivela.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-plaque e-atherosclerotic kushukela lesifo sikashukela ayanda kakhulu ngosayizi, ngenxa yalokho i-clot yegazi eyakheka khona. Isikhumba segazi singavimbela noma sivimbele ngokuphelele ukuphuma kwegazi kwezicubu ezithambile nasemangqamuzaneni.
Okuyingozi enkulu nge-cholesterol ephezulu - evela emayunithi ayi-18, yi-damu ehlanganisiwe
Umuthi wegazi ungangena noma kuphi - ngisho nasengqondweni. Kube sekuvela unhlangothi, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
Izimpawu ze-Cholesterol ephezulu
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentuthuko yenqubo ye-pathological, izimpawu azikho.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela akaziboni izinguquko ezimweni sakhe. Kungenzeka usola ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha ngemuva kokuxilongwa.
Kungakho ngesifo sikashukela kuyadingeka ukunikela ngegazi cholesterol kaningana ngonyaka.
Inkomba ye-cholesterol yamayunithi ayi-18 idlula okujwayelekile kathathu, ngokulandelana, ubungozi bokukhula kwe-pathologies yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphakeme impela. Kulesi sigaba, izinyathelo eziningana ziyadingeka ukwenza ukujula kokuhlungwa kube nzima.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypercholesterolemia ziyahlukaniswa, okungajwayelekile ukuthi iziguli zinake, zibaxhumanise nezimpawu zesifo esikhona - isifo sikashukela. Izimpawu ze-LDL ephezulu zivela ngemuva kokuhluleka kokuqala ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ngenjabulo, ukungajabuli ku-sternum kukhula.
- Umuzwa wesisindo esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba.
- Ukwanda komfutho wegazi.
- Ukucaciswa komthetho oqondile. Izimpawu zibonisa ama-cholesterol plaque emikhunjini yemilenze.
I-Angina isici esine-hypercholesterolemia. Ubuhlungu endaweni yesifuba bubonwa ngokuthokoza, ukusebenza komzimba. Kepha ngenani lamayunithi angama-18, ubuhlungu buvame ukubonakaliswa busesimweni esizolile. Isibonakaliso singenxa yokunciphisa kwemikhumbi ekhulisa izicubu zenhliziyo.
Ngomonakalo wemithambo yamaphethelo aphansi, ubuthakathaka noma ubuhlungu emilenzeni buzwakala lapho uhamba, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Izimpawu ezengeziwe zifaka ukwehla kokuxineka, ukukhubazeka kwememori.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-hypercholesterolemia nazo ziyahlukaniswa. Ukulimala kwe-lipid engasebenzi kahle kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwama-xanthomas - ama-neoplasms esikhunjeni esiqukethe amaseli wamafutha. Ukwakheka kwabo kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye ye-LDL idalulwa ebusweni besikhumba somuntu.
Imvamisa, ama-neoplasms avela eduze kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu, kuvame ukwanda ngosayizi uma inani le-cholesterol embi linyuka.
Imithi ye-hypercholesterolemia
I-cholesterol yamayunithi ayi-18 miningi. Ngalesi sikhombisi, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukudla, imidlalo kanye nemithi. Ukwenza izinga lilinganiswe ngokwejwayelekile, izidakamizwa eziseqenjini le-statin zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ama-Statins abonakala njengezinto zokwenziwa ezinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme adingekayo ukukhiqiza i-cholesterol. Izifundo zemitholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi umuthi unciphisa i-LDL ngama-30-35%, kuyilapho ikhulisa ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kakhulu ngo-40-50%.
Izimali ziyasebenza. Kaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinje kunconyelwa: i-Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyelulekwa nge-cholesterol yamayunithi ayi-18. Kodwa ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus sinqunywe ngokucophelela, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta izinqubo ze-metabolic, kungaholela ekwehleni okubukhali kwe-glucose yegazi.
Eminye imiphumela emibi ifaka phakathi:
- I-Asthenic syndrome, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ikhanda, ukuqaqamba kwamathumbu, ukuphazamiseka komgudu wokugaya ukudla, ipheshana lesisu;
- Isiyezi, i-peripheral neuropathy;
- Izitulo ezikhululekile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi, izimo ezethusayo;
- I-arthritis yamalunga, ubuhlungu bemisipha;
- Ukusabela komzimba kanye nokubonakaliswa kwesikhumba (ukuqubuka, ukuvutha, ukulunywa, i-erythema exudative);
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile emadodeni, inzuzo yesisindo, ukuvuvukala kwekhompiyutha.
Izimo zinikezwa kuphela ngemuva kokuxilongwa okuningiliziwe. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha, udokotela uhlola zonke izingozi. Kuthathwa isilinganiso sokuthi kubhekwe ubulili, isisindo, neqembu lesiguli. Cabanga ngokuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, ama-pathologies akhona we-somatic - isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, hyperthyroidism.
Lapho unikeza izidakamizwa iziguli esezikhulile, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlangana nezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela, i-gout, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kwandisa ubungozi be-myopathy kaninginingi.
Ekuhlolweni kwe-hypercholesterolemia, konke ukuqokwa kwenziwa kuphela ngudokotela ohambelayo, ngokususelwa kuzinga le-LDL, izici zomzimba, ukuhlangana kweglucose egazini kanye nenkambo yesifo sikashukela. Ukuqashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kokusebenza kokwelashwa kwenziwa - njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuya kwezi-2.
Yini i-cholesterol ezotshela isazi kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
