Izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-cholesterol ziye zabonwa njengezidakamizwa eziyisimangaliso zalekhulu leminyaka. Iziguli ezine-cholesterol ephakeme kancane zivame ukukhuthazwa odokotela ukuthi baqale ukuthatha umuthi we-statin.
Ayini ama-statins? Le mishanguzo izidakamizwa ezinikezwa ukuthi zenzelwe ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Izinga lisebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme edingekayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol esibindini. Ngaphandle kosizo lwalesi enzyme, umzimba awukwazi ukuguqula amanoni adliwe abe yi-cholesterol.
Izinga elikhulayo le-cholesterol ejikeleza emithanjeni iyingozi ngoba i-cholesterol ithambekele ekuqongeleleni odongeni lwe-vascular ngokwakhiwa okwalandela kwama-cholesterol plaqueol, akhulisa kakhulu ingozi yezinhlekelele zenhliziyo - imivimbo nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi. Kubandakanya ama-statist e-high ngamandla
- Atorvastatin;
- Rosuvastatin;
- ama-statins amandla aphakathi, okuyi-Simvastatin eyisimeli.
Iningi leziguli lithatha le mishanguzo, licabanga ukuthi ngale ndlela izovimba noma inciphise ukukhula kwe-atherossteosis. Kunobufakazi ngisho nenkulumo-ze yamanzi okuphuza angama-statin acebile.
Akungatshazwa ukuthi ama-statins angakwazi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ngokushesha, kepha umbuzo uwukuthi zonke iziguli kufanele zizisebenzise, uma zinemiphumela emibi yale mithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakale ukuthi yize ama-statin enomphumela wehla we-cholesterol kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo, umphumela mncane kakhulu ukuthi awuchazeli imiphumela emibi enale mishanguzo.
Izingozi zokusebenzisa ama-statins
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubike ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye ne-atherosclerosis ethuthukile ezazisebenzisa noma iyiphi i-statin zivame ukuba nama-arterial plaque aphakeme kakhulu kuneziguli ezazivame ukusebenzisa ama-statins. Esiqeshini sabahlanganyeli abangaziphuzisanga imishanguzo, izinga lapho i-atherosulinotic plaque yathuthuka khona lapho likqala ukuthatha umuthi. Iningi labantu abathatha ama-statin libabekezelela kahle. Kepha abanye abantu bathola imiphumela emibi, phakathi kwayo evame kakhulu yile:
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Ukuqwasha nokuqwasha kokulala.
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukuzwela, noma ubuthakathaka (myalgia).
- Ukomela.
- Isiyezi
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza.
- Ukuqina kwesisu noma ubuhlungu.
- Ukuqhakaza kanye nethopha.
- Isifo sohudo.
- Ukuqunjelwa
- Amarowu.
Olunye ucwaningo luphinde lwabhala imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- ukulimala kwesibindi namanyikwe ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lama-enzyme okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwaleli qembu lemithi;
- ukulimala kwemisipha okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamaseli emisipha, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nokufa;
- ukwanda ushukela wegazi kanye nengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2;
- ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudangala, ukukhohlwa (okungaba yi-amnesia) neminye imiphumela emibi yemizwa eye yabonwa ukuthi imise masisha lapho ukusetshenziswa kwama-statins kuyeka;
- ukungasebenzi ngocansi.
Uma isiguli sinobuhlungu obuhlangene noma obuhlanganisiwe bokungacaciswanga, ukuzwa noma ubuthakathaka ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma esingamahlalakhona akufanele zisebenzise ama-statins.
Kulokhu, udokotela kuphela okufanele anikeze izidakamizwa zaleli qembu, enakekela ngokucophelela yonke imiphumela emihle nemibi.
Ezigulini eziningi, noma zinesifo senhliziyo, asikho isidingo sokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa salolu hlobo. Kulokhu kuhlangana, umhlaba wonke ufuna izindlela zokunciphisa i-cholesterol ngaphandle kwama-statins.
IStatin-free cholesterol yehlayo
Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezisehlisa i-cholesterol ngaphandle kwama-statins? Kukhona ezinye izidakamizwa eziningi ezinomsebenzi wokwehlisa i-cholesterol, futhi ezinemiphumela emibi embalwa. I-CoQ10 iyi-antioxidant etholakala kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni womuntu.
Indima enkulu ye-CoQ10 ukuguqula izakhi zamandla zibe namandla okukhula nokugcinwa kwamaseli. Leli thuluzi liqala ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme asetshenziswa ukugaya ukudla kanye nezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile. Njenge-antioxidant, ivikela namaseli kumonakalo odalwe ama-radicals wamahhala. Ucwaningo lufakazele ukuthi i-CoQ10 empeleni inciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka futhi iphansi ama-lipoproteins aphansi (okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol "embi").
Ngeshwa, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-statins angaphinde anciphise ukugcinwa komzimba kwe-CoQ10. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemithi, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-CoQ10 ukungezelela ukunciphisa izinhlungu zemisipha, sivikele isibindi ekulimaleni nasekuvikeleni ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi ebangelwa umuthi.
Omunye umkhiqizo onciphisa i-cholesterol ukukhipha irayisi elibomvu, elenziwa ngokufaka irayisi elinezigaba ezahlukahlukene zeMonascus aimureus yeast. Umkhiqizo ophumelelayo uqukethe izithako eziningana ezisiza ukulawula i-cholesterol, kufaka phakathi ama-sterols, ama-isoflavones nama-monounsaturated fatty acids. IMonacolin K, okuyingxenye yalokhu kukhishwa, yinto yemvelo yamakhemikhali enesakhiwo esifana nemithi iLovastatin neMevinolin.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza irayisi ebomvu kukhishwa ekunciphiseni kwama-33% ama-lipoprotein aphansi, kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kwe-lipoprotein ephezulu noma i-cholesterol "enhle".
INiacin ne-omega-3 fatty acids
Kusukela ngawo-1950s, i-niacin noma i-Vitamin B3 ibilokhu ikhishwa njenge-ejenti ephumelelayo yokunciphisa i-cholesterol ne-triglycerides. Kodwa-ke, inenkinga eyodwa enkulu: kuye ngethamo, i-niacin ingadala ubomvu futhi ilume.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona okunye okuphephile. I-Inositol hexanacinate yikhompiyutha ekhululwa yisikhathi yamangqamuzana ayisithupha e-niacin enikeza izinzuzo zalesi sibalo se-Vitamin B esibalulekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesibindi.
I-Enositol hexanacinate kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi iyasebenza, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni amazinga aphezulu wamafutha egazini. Lesi simo sibizwa nge-hyperlipidemia futhi siyisici esikhulu sengozi ye-atherossteosis nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukwehliswa kwe-cholesterol ekhipha imishanguzo kwenziwa kahle nge-niacin noma ngevithamini B-3. Le inketho enhle kubantu abangasabeli kahle kweminye imishanguzo, ngoba imiphumela yayo emincane imnene futhi incane.
Abantu abathatha lo muthi bangathola okulandelayo:
- ukubomvu kobuso
- ikhanda
- ukuqunjelwa
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- Isiyezi
- isicanucanu
Lapho kudingeka ukwelashwa okunolaka ngokwengeziwe ukwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu, isigaba somuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-fibrate sivame ukunqunyelwa.
Eminyakeni engama-200 edlule, isilinganiso se-omega-6 kuma-omega-3 fatty acids ekudleni komuntu sithuthuke kakhulu. Lezi zinto zisiza ukulwa ngempumelelo ne-cholesterol ephezulu, futhi ziyakwazi ukuguqula isilinganiso phakathi kokuphansi nokuphezulu kwe-lipoprotein.
Umuntu udinga ukulinganiselwa kwama-omega-3 nama-omega-6 fatty acids ekudleni kwawo ukuze aphile kahle. Ngeshwa, imenyu ejwayelekile inikeza ama-omega-6 amaningi kakhulu futhi ayanele ama-omega-3 fatty acids.
Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi isilinganiso esisohlangothini olulodwa siyimbangela eyinhloko yesifo senhliziyo.
Ama-inhibitors we-cholesterol ukumunca kanye nama-sequestrants
Uma ama-statin okungeyona inketho enhle, noma uma isiguli sihlangabezana nemiphumela emibi, udokotela angabeka esinye isidakamizwa ukwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu. Enye indlela evamile i-cholesterol ukumuncwa kwe-inhibitor.
Le mishanguzo ayikuvumeli ukuthi amathumbu amancane amunze kahle i-cholesterol edliwe. Uma kungenakugwinywa, cholesterol ayifiki egazini. Umuthi okuwukuphela kwawo otholakala emakethe yi-Ezetimibe. Lesi sidakamizwa sinokuhlanganiswa nama-statins ukuthola imiphumela esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi banquma i-Ezetimibe kuphela futhi bayayihlanganisa nokudla okunamafutha aphansi ukusiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol.
Enye indlela yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ngaphandle kwama-statins ukusebenzisa ama-bile acid binding agents noma ama-sequestrants. Le mishanguzo isebenza ngokubopha i-bile emathunjini, ivimba ukumunwa kwe-cholesterol. Ukusebenza kwalezi zimali akukuphakeme njengakwezinye izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabantu abanamazinga e-cholesterol, akhuphuka kancane nje. Le mishanguzo nayo ingadala ukuntuleka kwamavithamini nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ukushoda kweVitamin K kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba yi-Vitamin ebhekele uhlelo lwe-heestatic.
Ama-sequence we-Bile acid yizakhi ze-polymeric ezishintshana nge-anions, njenge-chloride ion, yama-bile acid. Ngakho-ke, ama-bile bile acid. Isibindi sivele sikhiqize ama-asidi amaningi ukufaka okunye kwalawo alahlekile. Njengoba umzimba usebenzisa i-cholesterol ukukhiqiza ama-bile acids, kunciphisa inani lamandla aphansi we-lipoprotein cholesterol ajikelezayo egazini. Ama-sequence we-Bile acid ayizakhiwo ezinkulu ze-polymer, futhi azithakwa kakhulu kusuka emathunjini aya egazini.
Ngakho-ke, le mishanguzo ene-bile acid ehambisana nomuthi ikhishwa ngepheshana lesisu.
Ama-ejenti okwehlisa i-cholesterol
Amakhambi wemvelo nawo akhonjisiwe ukuthi anomphumela wehlise i-cholesterol.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kufanele kuhambisane nokushintshwa kwendlela yokuphila.
Ukudla kwe-cholesterol ephansi kufanele kudliwe. Kuyelulekwa ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, lezi zitshalo zinomphumela wazo omuhle:
- Garlic.
- I-Oat bran.
- I-Artichoke.
- Ibhali
- I-Blond psyllium.
Uma ufuna ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho, imfihlo ukumane ushintshe isidlo sakho sasekuseni. Ukufakwa kwama-oats ebhulakufesi kunganciphisa izinga lama-lipoprotein aphansi ngo-5.3% kumaviki ayi-6 nje. Lo mphumela unikezwa yi-beta-glucan - into ese-oats ebamba i-cholesterol, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukubonakala kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol. Amantongomane nawo alungile ekwehliseni i-cholesterol, kepha ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwekhalori ephezulu, injongo yawo ilinganiselwe.
Ngemvume kadokotela, bangafakwa kalula ekudleni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kunemithi emyaleni kadokotela, ukuthatha izidakamizwa zemvelo ukwehlisa i-cholesterol akusona isizathu sokuyeka umuthi.
Ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kokwelashwa kuya ngezici eziningi. Ngaphambi kokuthi udokotela abhale incwadi yokwelashwa okuthile, uchwepheshe uzothola umlando womndeni wesiguli, ubungozi besifo senhliziyo kulo muntu, futhi ahlaziye nendlela yokuphila yesiguli. Odokotela abaningi bakhetha ukuqala ukwelashwa ngoshintsho ekudleni nasekuzivocavoca umzimba. Uma ngemuva kwalokhu kungekho mphumela, udokotela unquma ukulungiswa kwezokwelapha. Akunakwenzeka ukuguqula umthamo noma uhlobo lomuthi ngaphandle kwezeluleko zezokwelapha, ngoba lokhu kugqokwa ngokungabikho kwemiphumela yokwelashwa, noma, okubi kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi.
Futhi, ukwenqatshwa kwezidakamizwa kunomthelela ezindlekweni zazo eziphakeme. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi la maphilisi kufanele adakwe nsuku zonke futhi ngaphandle kweziphazamiso, ama-statin aba umthwalo hhayi wesibindi kuphela, kodwa nesikhwama. Ukubuyekezwa kwangempela kwaleli qembu lezidakamizwa akuvamisile ukuthi kube ngaphandle kwamazwana amabi, ngoba umphumela wezidakamizwa ungabonakala kancane kunemiphumela emibi.
Imininingwane mayelana nama-statin inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
