Ngabe isifo sikashukela singalapheka? Lo mbuzo ubuzwa yizo zonke iziguli eziqale ukuzwa ukuxilongwa okunje. Kodwa-ke, ukuphendula umbuzo ophuthumayo onjalo, kuyadingeka ukuphendukela kwimvelaphi yesifo, ukutadisha izinhlobo ze-pathology.
Ezenzweni zokwelapha, uhlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili lwesifo esingamahlalakhona luvame ukutholakala, olunezimpawu zalo zesithombe somtholampilo, ngokulandelana, ukwelashwa kuhlukile.
Izinhlobo ezithile ze-pathology, ezinjengesifo sikashukela se-Modi noma i-Lada, azitholakali kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zifo zivame kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuthola lezi zifo ngokunembile.
Kuyadingeka ukucubungula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelapha isifo sikashukela, futhi ingabe kukhona amacala wangempela ezokwelapha emisebenzini yezokwelapha? Uthini umuthi osemthethweni ngalokhu, futhi luphathwa kanjani uhlobo lokuqala nolwesibili lwesifo sikashukela?
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1: singalapheka?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zezifo ezingamahlalakhona - thayipha isifo sikashukela nesesibili.
Uhlobo lokuqala (amanye amagama - ushukela omncane noma isifo sikashukela sengane) kwenzeka ngenxa yezinqubo ze-autoimmune ezibhubhisa amaseli we-pancreatic noma zivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ngenxa yalokho, i-hormone ayisakhiwa.
Isithombe esicacile somtholampilo wesifo esingamahlalakhona siqala ukukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology lapho okungenani ama-80% amaseli e-pancreatic efa.
Iziguli eziningi zizibuza ukuthi ngabe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 singalashwa yini. Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kwezinga eliphakeme lokuzilolonga nezinye izimpumelelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, le nqubo ayinakuguqulwa, futhi njengamanje azikho izidakamizwa ezisiza ukubuyisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe.
Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abafundanga ukuthi bangavimbela kanjani, baguqule noma bamise izinqubo ze-autoimmune. Futhi lesi sitatimende asisebenzi kuphela kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo esingamahlalakhona, kodwa nakwezinye izifo ze-autoimmune.
Ngakho-ke, singafingqa imiphumela elandelayo embuzweni wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi siqede uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela:
- Ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, okuthi iningi lamacala kutholakale enganeni encane noma ezinganeni ezithomba, kuyivelakancane kakhulu kubantu abadala (uhlobo lwesifo seLada) okwamanje.
- Umhlaba awulwazi icala elilodwa lapho umuntu welashwa uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo.
Ukuze uphile impilo ephelele, kuyadingeka ukuphatha imijovo ye-insulin impilo yonke. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, le ndlela kuphela evumela ukuthi wena ulawule ushukela wegazi, uvikele ukugxuma nokugeleza kwalo okungazelelwe.
Ngeshwa, kunabantu abaningi abangathembekile abathi ushukela ungalashwa. Banikeza amakhambi abantu "ayimfihlo", ukwelashwa kweselula, kanye "nezindlela zabo zokuphilisa."
Abazali bakulungele ukwenza okuningi, naphezu kwezindleko ezinkulu zokuphathwa okunjalo ukusindisa ingane yabo kulesi sifo. Kodwa lokhu kungukukhwabanisa, futhi amacala wangempela okuphulukisa okuyisimangaliso awarekhodwanga.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela selapheka: amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa esikhathini esizayo
Ngaphandle kokuthi okwamanje kungenzeka ukuthi alulame isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lokhu akusho ukuthi ososayensi abafuni izindlela nezindlela ezingasiza ukubhekana nesifo esingelapheki maduze.
Imithi emisha, ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nezinye izindlela zenziwa ukusiza ukwelapha isifo sikashukela.
Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kungalindeleka ukwelashwa okuphelele kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela. Kuzoba kanjani, iziguli zinentshisekelo? Kungenzeka wenze i-pancreas esebenzayo ngokuphelele.
Intuthuko iyaqhubeka ukufaka ama-beta cell asebenza ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi emisha ekwazi ukuvimba izinqubo ze-autoimmune, futhi iqinisekise ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamangqamuzana amasha e-beta, iqhubekela phambili ngenkuthalo.
Uma sikhuluma ngeqiniso, ama-pancreas wemvelaphi yokufakelwa umqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuthola ikhambi eliphelele lesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluma ngokwelashwa okuphelele akuyona neze iqiniso, ngoba udinga ukudala ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphakeme - idivaysi (idivaysi, izisetshenziswa) ezokulawula ngokuzimele amazinga kashukela emzimbeni womuntu, iwagcine ezingeni elidingekayo. Kulesi sisekelo, eyakhe insimbi izohlala ingasebenzi.
Ngokuqondene nentuthuko esele, eqhutshwa ngokuya ekwelashweni okuphelele kwalesi sifo, kungaphethwa ngokuphephile ukuthi iziguli akufanele zizilindele eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into edabukisayo njengoba ibonakala ekuqaleni. Emhlabeni wanamuhla kukhona konke okudingayo, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise imiphumela eyingozi yesifo, yona enikeza ithuba lokulinda ukuvela okuzayo kanye nezinkinga ezincane.
Kulokhu kufakwa, sikhuluma ngamapeni we-syringe akhethekile wokuphatha i-hormone, amaphampu we-insulin, ama-glucometer nezinhlelo zokuqapha ushukela emzimbeni womuntu.
Ungalapha kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2?
Ngakho-ke, kwatholakala ukuthi namanje akekho umuntu oyedwa emhlabeni ozozelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Okulandelayo, udinga ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuqeda uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela noma cha?
Ekhuluma ngohlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology, kungenzeka ukuphendula lo mbuzo ongenhla, izinketho eziguqukayo. Ukunqoba ukugula kuncike ngqo kwezinye izimo.
Okokuqala, zisebenza kangakanani iziguli uqobo, futhi isiguli sinamathela kangakanani ezincomweni zikadokotela ozoya kuye. Okwesibili, yikuphi okuhlangenwe nakho kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kubantu. Okwesithathu, kukhona izingqinamba, lithini izinga lokukhula kwabo.
Ngabe isifo sikashukela esingu-2 singalashwa? Ukugula kohlobo lwesibili yi-multifactorial pathology, okungukuthi, inani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingathandeki kanye nezimo ezinyusa ukukhula kwesifo.
Enye yezizathu ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala kunoma yisiphi isigaba, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izicubu ezithambile zilahlekelwa ukuzwela kwazo okugcwele kuyi-insulin ye-hormone. Ngamanye amagama:
- E-Type II diabetesics, umzimba unenani elanele le-hormone (ngesinye isikhathi likhulu kakhulu), kepha-ke, alisebenzi ngokuphelele, ngoba alibonakali ngezicubu ezithambile.
- Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, i-hormone inqwabelana emzimbeni, okuholela ekutheni kube nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ze-pathology.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwezinga elithile, futhi kunesimo kuphela, esingasho ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyelapheka, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuqeda izici ezibangela ukwehla kokuphinda kutholakale kwamaseli kuma-hormone.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngonyaka we-2017 ayikho indlela yokusiza ukwelapha lesi sifo, kunohlu oluphelele lwezici, wazi ukuthi yikuphi, ungavimbela ukuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya kwi-hormone.
Izici eziholela ekumelaneni ne-insulin
Akunabantu emhlabeni abakhiphe ngokuphelele "isifo esimnandi". Kodwa-ke, kunesibalo esikhulu seziguli ezikwazile ukunxephezela lesi sifo, zifinyelela amazinga evamile kashukela emzimbeni, futhi sizinza ezingeni elidingekayo.
Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, kuhlonzwa izici eziholela ekunciphiseni kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-hormone. Enye yazo yiminyaka, futhi abantu abaningi baneminyaka, okukhona amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okuphansi yinto yesibili. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi inciphisa kakhulu ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone, kuthinta izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu.
Izici ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa:
- Ukudla Ukudla inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate kuholela ekuphikiseni i-insulin.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala. Kuma-tishu e-adipose kunenombolo enkulu yama-receptors ahlangana ne-hormone.
- Isici sokuzizwa. Uma umzali oyedwa enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ingozi yokuthola i-pathology enganeni icishe ibe yi-10%. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kubo bobabili abazali bengane, khona-ke amathuba okuthi i-pathology ngokuzayo ande ngama-30- 40%.
Njengoba imininingwane engenhla ibonisa, umuntu akakwazi ukuthonya izici ezithile, noma ngabe uzama kangakanani. Eqinisweni, kusala kuphela ukubuyisana nabo.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izici ezingalungiswa ngokuphumelelayo. Isibonelo, umsebenzi womzimba, ukondliwa kwabantu, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
"Ukuhlangenwe nakho" kwe-pathology nokwelashwa okuphelele
Ithuba langempela lokwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo lincike kubude be-pathology, futhi lo mzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokungangabazeki, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi ukugula okutholwe kusenesikhathi kungalashwa kalula futhi kusheshe ukwedlula isifo esibe emlandweni womuntu iminyaka emi-5 noma ngaphezulu. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Okokuqala, konke kuncike ezinkingeni. Isifo "esimnandi" akusona usongo oluqondile empilweni yeziguli, kepha indlela "ecashile" ilele kokuphazamiseka okuningi kuwo wonke amalungu angaphakathi nezinhlelo.
"Ukuhlangenwe nakho" okuningi kwesifo sikashukela esigulini, kutholakala kakhulu izinkinga zesifo, ezingalungiseki. Izinkinga zinezigaba eziningana, kanti ezokuqala zazo ziguqulwa ngokuphelele. Kepha ubunzima bukhona ekutholweni okufika ngesikhathi, futhi ezimweni ezingama-99%, akunakwenzeka ukuthola imiphumela engemihle ekuqaleni kwesigaba.
Okwesibili, konke kuncike ekusebenzeni kwendlala yakho. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma isitho sangaphakathi sisebenza isikhathi eside ngomthwalo ophindwe kabili, noma owenziwe kathathu, siyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeke ikhiqize ama-hormone anele, ingasaphathwa eyokweqisa kwayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izicubu ze-fibrous ziyavela ezicutshini zamanyikwe, futhi ukusebenza kwesitho kuyaphela. Lo mphumela ulindele ukuthi zonke iziguli ezingakutholi ukunxeshezelwa kahle kwalesi sifo, zingalaleli izincomo zikadokotela.
Ungalulama kanjani kusuka kugula kulokhu? Izinhlobo zeziguli ezinjalo zingasiza kuphela okulandelayo:
- Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi se-insulin.
- Ukwelashwa okubanzi okujulile.
Ingxenye yesithathu ezosiza ukubhekana nalesi sifo yizinga lokuthuthuka kwemiphumela emibi, okungukuthi, ubunzima. Uma isifo sikashukela satholakala kusenesikhathi, lokhu akusho ukuthi akukho zinkinga.
Njengomthetho, lapho isigaba sokuqala se-pathology sitholakele, kuba nezinkinga, futhi uma kutholwa ngemuva kwesikhathi, khona-ke kutholakala imiphumela engenakuphikwa. Ngokuphathelene nalolo lwazi, ithuba lokwelapha isifo "esimnandi" lizovela kuphela lapho kungenzeka ukuthi libhekane nezinkinga ezingenakuphikwa, okungukuthi, zizenze zibuyele emuva ngokwelashwa okufanele.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 inqubo “esezandleni” zesiguli uqobo.
Ukuncephezelwa kwalesi sifo nokulawulwa ushukela kuyisihluthulelo sempilo ephelele.
Ngabe ezinye izinhlobo zokugula ziyelapheka?
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezingenhla zesifo sikashukela, kunezinye izinhlobo ezithile ze-pathology. Ezinye zitholakala ezigulini kaningi kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi badidekile nohlobo 1 noma 2 lokugula, ngoba isithombe somtholampilo sinezimpawu ezifanayo.
Ngeshwa, zonke izinhlobo ezithile zingabizwa ngokuthi "ukugula kofuzo" umuntu angeke akwazi ukukuthonya, noma ngakho konke ukukhuthala. Azikho izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezizosiza ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo. Ngakho-ke, izifo azelapheki.
Uma isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela, okwaba umphumela wokukhula kokunye ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni we-endocrine emzimbeni, khona-ke kuleli cala konke kulungiseka. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukugula kudalulwe lapho kungenzeka kususwe i-pathology engaphansi.
Isibonelo, ngokuhlelwa okujwayelekile kokuhlushwa kwama-pancreas, isifo sikashukela esingamahlalakhona singazihambela ngokwaso.
Ngokuqondene nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, kungahle kube nezinketho eziningana zokuthuthukisa imicimbi:
- I-Pathology iyazicubungula ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ushukela ubuyela kokujwayelekile, akukho okweqile kwezinkomba.
- Lesi sifo singashintsha sibe yisifo sohlobo lwesibili ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.
Iqembu lengozi lifaka abesifazane lapho ngesikhathi bekhulelwe bathola amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-17 futhi babeletha ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi iqembu elinjalo leziguli lilawule ushukela wegazi labo, lishintshe indlela abadla ngayo, basebenzise izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela futhi baqaphele isisindo sabo ngokucophelela.
Lezi zinyathelo zizonciphisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-pathology.
"I-honeymoon" nohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luphathwa ngokujova i-insulin emzimbeni womuntu. Imijovo yeHormone inconywa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-pathology, futhi lokhu kwelashwa kuzoba impilo yonke.
Lapho isiguli siphendukela kudokotela ukuze sithole usizo, sithola inqwaba yezimpawu ezingezinhle, kusukela ngomlomo owomile, kugcina ngokukhubazeka okubukwayo.
Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-hormone, kungenzeka ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela emzimbeni, ngokulandelana, izimpawu ezingezinhle ziyaqothulwa. Kanye nalokhu, kwezokwelapha kunento efana "ne-honeymoon", iziguli eziningi ezidida ngayo ikhambi eliphelele. Ngakho-ke kuyini.
Cabanga ngomqondo "we-honeymoon":
- Ngemuva kokuthola i-pathology, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uqala ukuzijova nge-insulin, esiza ukwehlisa ushukela, asuse izimpawu ezingezinhle.
- Emavikini ambalwa emva kokwelashwa kwe-insulin okungapheli, ezimeni eziningi zezithombe zomtholampilo, isidingo se-hormone sincishiswa kakhulu, kwezinye izimo, cishe kuya ku-zero.
- Izinkomba ze-glucose emzimbeni ziba ezijwayelekile, noma ngabe i-hormone ishiywe ngokuphelele.
- Lesi simo singathatha amasonto amabili, izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi mhlawumbe unyaka.
Njengoba "selaphekile" isifo sikashukela, iziguli ziyaqhubeka nokuhola indlela yazo yangaphambili, zizibheka njengabantu abahlukile abakwaziyo ukunqoba isifo esikhohlisayo. Eqinisweni, okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso.
Isimo se "honeymoon" sifundwe kakhulu, futhi ubude besikhathi saso abudluli unyaka owodwa. Uma wenqaba ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lesi simo sizoba sibi, kuzoba namaconsi abukhali ushukela wegazi, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zizoqala ukukhula, kufaka phakathi ezingaphenduki.
Ngokusekelwe olwazini, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuqeda isifo sikashukela unomphela akunakwenzeka, okungenani okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, isinxephezelo esihle, kanye nokwelashwa kokudla kwesifo sikashukela nokulawulwa kweshukela kuzokuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo ephelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi.
