Umzimba udinga i-cholesterol ukuze usebenze kahle. Kepha ngokweqile, ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi nenhliziyo, kuyenzeka. Ukwephulwa okunjalo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ngoba i-hyperglycemia inomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwe-cholesterol eyingozi ezindongeni zemithambo yemithambo futhi yehlise inqubo yokuqedwa kwayo.
Lokhu kuholela ekwehlekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi kuma-diabetes. Futhi izingqwembe ezineshukela emikhunjini kamuva kungaholela ekulimazeni emalungeni.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kubantu abane-metabolism carbohydrate metabolised ukuthi bazi: kungani kuphakama i-cholesterol? Kusho ukuthini lokhu nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani lesi sifo?
Okudingayo ukwazi nge-cholesterol
I-cholesterol i-organic compactic, i-alcohol encibilikayo engxenyeni yengxenye yolwelwesi lweseli. Cishe i-80% yento umzimba eyakha ngokwayo, futhi ngama-20% kuphela cholesterol eza nokudla.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zotshwala obunamafutha - ama-lipoprotein aphezulu futhi aphansi. I-HDL ithathwa njengeyunithi ezuzisayo. Zithutha izinto ziye emangqamuzaneni, zibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwama-hormone ocansi, umsoco wamavithamini nama-calcephyrols aqukethe amafutha. Futhi, ama-lipoprotein we-density ephezulu avikela ama-membrane weseli, imicu yezinzwa futhi ayingxenye eyengeziwe yemikhiqizo ye-bile.
I-LDL yisiphikiso se-HDL, ukunqwabelana kwayo emzimbeni kunomthelela ekubonakala kwe-atherossteosis. Lapho ama-lipoproteins angabantu abalwa kakhulu amaseli omzimba oxutshwe futhi abangela amasosha omzimba, ingozi eyengeziwe idalelwa umzimba. Kule nqubo, ama-antibodies enzelwe ngentshiseko angathatheli isitha kuphela, kepha namaseli anempilo.
Uma ungangehlisi izinga le-cholesterol embi, khona-ke ama-plaque atherosulinotic azofakwa emikhunjini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukukhanyiswa kwemithambo nemithambo yegazi, okuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa zegazi.
I-protein yamaprotheni namaplatelethi aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi ezindaweni zokuvinjwa uyaphazamiseka.
Imvamisa, amafomu we-thrombosis ku-spleen, amathumbu, izinso nasemilenzeni ephansi. Kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho ama-atherosselotic plaque evimba ukungena kwezakhi ezithweni eziyinhloko - ubuchopho nenhliziyo. Ngale ndlela imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu ye-hypercholesterolemia iba ngayo - ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi nokushaya kwenhliziyo, okuvame ukuphela ekufeni.
Esikhungweni sezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kuzosiza ekuboneni izinga le-cholesterol. Inkomba ejwayelekile yotshwala obunamafutha ifaka phakathi izinto ezintathu - i-HDL, i-LDL ne-triglycerides (efakwe ku-cholesterol).
Ekhaya, abanesifo sikashukela bangakwazi nokukala i-cholesterol besebenzisa imitha kashukela egazini. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinkomba ziyahlukahluka, kuya ngeminyaka, ubulili kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezithile. Inani le-cholesterol esegazini elihambisana nokujwayelekile:
- Amadoda Iminyaka engama-20 - ifika ku-5.99, iminyaka engama-50 - ifika ku-7.15, iminyaka engama-70 - ifinyelela ku-7.10 mmol / l.
- Abesifazane. Iminyaka engama-20 - ifika ku-5.59, iminyaka engama-50 - ifika ku-6.8, iminyaka engama-70 - ifinyelela ku-7.85 mmol / l.
I-Etiology kanye nezimpawu zomtholampilo ze-hypercholesterolemia
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izimbangela ze-cholesterol eyeqile egazini zilele ekuxhashazweni ngokudla okunamafutha nokudla okungenampilo. Le nkolelo iyiqiniso, kodwa ngaphezu kwalesi sici, izifo eziningi zinegalelo ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosulinosis. Lezi yisifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo i-Werner syndrome, isifo senhliziyo, i-hypothyroidism, isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga omzimba, i-analbuminemia, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, isifo samathambo esinesifo samathambo.
I-cholesterol yegazi inyuka ezifweni zamanyikwe, izinso, amaphaphu, isibindi kanye ne-thyroid. Ukuqongelelwa kwento equkethe amafutha encibilikisiwe kukhushulwa yizinguquko ezihlobene nobudala (ukuguga), ifa lokuphila, indlela yokuphila ephansi kanye nokukhuluphala.
Ama-atherossteotic plaque avame ukwenziwa kubantu abahlukumeza utshwala, ababhemayo nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Futhi, ukunqwabelana kwe-LDL emzimbeni kunomthelela ekutholeni kwemithi ethile.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercholesterolemia kwenziwa ngudokotela ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kepha ungasola ukuba khona kwalesi sifo uqobo, uma unaka izimpawu eziningi:
- Isiyezi
- izinhlungu zesifuba ezenzeka ngomonakalo emithanjeni ye-coronary;
- ubuthakathaka nokungaphatheki kahle emilenzeni engezansi;
- ikhanda
- ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile emadodeni;
- ukubonakala komphetho olimpunga okhanyayo emaphethelweni e-cornea;
- i-vein thrombosis;
- ukushayeka kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
- ukuphefumula
- isicanucanu
Nge-atherossteosis, isiguli singakhalaza ngokugxuma komfutho wegazi kanye ne-angina pectoris.
Izindlela zokwelapha nezabantu ukwehlisa i-cholesterol
Nge-hypercholesterolemia, umuthi osemthethweni usebenzisa amaqembu amabili aholayo wezidakamizwa. Lawa ama-statin nama-fenofibrate. Okwakuvimbela ukuvela kwe-cholesterol esibindini, ngenxa yokuthi amazinga e-LDL ancishiswa ngo-50%. Futhi, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-lipid zinciphisa ubungozi bokukhula kwe-myocardial infarction kanye ne-ischemia ye-cardiac ngo-20%, angina pectoris ngama-30%.
Amanani asetshenziswa kuphela uma amazinga we-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu futhi kumthamo omncane. Izimali ezidume kakhulu kusuka kulesi sigaba yi-Akorta, Krestor, Tevastor, Rosucard.
I-Fenofibrate inganciphisa i-cholesterol ephezulu. Lokhu kususelwa ku-fibroic acid, nayo emisa ukucasulwa kwento yezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisana ne-bile acid.
Imithi yehlisa ukugcwala kwe-triglycerides ne-LDL egazini ngo-40%. Ngasikhathi sinye, okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol enenzuzo kukhuphuka ngo-30%. Amacwecwe aziwa ngokususelwa ku-molar acid -Gemfibrozil, Lipanor. Odokotela batusa ukwelapha i-hypercholesterolemia ngesifo sikashukela besebenzisa amafenofibrate anjengeLipantil 200M, Tricor.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezidakamizwa zizosiza nokuthi kunciphise i-cholesterol embi egazini:
- amavithamini PP, VZ;
- ama-sequestriers ama-bile acid (Cholestan, Questran);
- i-nicotinic acid;
- i-alpha lipoic acid;
- Omega 3.
Indlela yokusebenzisa kanye nomthamo wazo zonke izidakamizwa ezingenhla kukhethwa udokotela ohambelayo.
Ngaphezu kwemithi, amakhambi esintu azosiza imikhumbi ehlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ususe i-cholesterol eyingozi emzimbeni usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwejusi. Umongo wokwelashwa uwukuthi ezinsukwini ezinhlanu udinga ukuthatha amajusi asanda kufakwa wezithelo nemifino.
Ngosuku lokuqala baphuza isiphuzo izaqathe (i-130 ml) ne-celery (70 ml). Ngosuku lwesibili, sebenzisa ikhukhamba entsha, i-beetroot (70 ml ngayinye) kanye nesanqante (100 ml).
Ngosuku lwesithathu, kufakwa i-apula (70 ml) ujusi we-carrot-celery, kuthi ngosuku lwesine, kuthathwe okusha kwiklabishi (50 ml). Ngosuku lokugcina, phuza isiphuzo esisanda kufakwa sewolintshi (130 ml).
Futhi, amakhambi ahlukahlukene azosiza ukulenza libe linye izinga le-LDL ne-HDL, lapho kulungiswa khona iziqu nezinhlamvu:
| Izitshalo zokwelapha | Ukupheka | Ukusebenza |
| Blackberry | Amaqabunga (10 g) uthele u-0.5 l wamanzi abilayo, ugcizelele esitsheni esivaliwe ihora eli-1 | 1/3 inkomishi kathathu ngosuku |
| UValerian, dill | Imbewu (isigamu seglasi) nezimpande (10 g) zixubene no-150 g uju, uthele amanzi abilayo (1 l). Faka amahora angama-24 | Kathathu ngosuku, isipuni esikhulu ngaphambi kokudla |
| Alfalfa | Cindezela ujusi otshanini obusha | I-20 ml izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku ngenyanga |
| Calendula | Izimbali (20 g) zithululelwa ngamanzi abilayo, abilayo kubhavu wamanzi imizuzu engama-20 | Amaconsi angama-30 ngaphambi kokudla |
| Linden | Izimbali ezomile zigaya ku-grinder yekhofi | 1 ithisipuni ngaphambi kokudla kathathu nsuku zonke |
| I-Mistletoe, Sophora | I-100 g yezithelo nezimbali zithululela 1 litre utshwala, faka izinsuku ezingama-21 endaweni emnyama | 5 ml imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla |
| Ulamula, ugalikhi | Izithako zihlanganiswa ngesilinganiso se-5: 1 futhi zifakwa izinsuku ezintathu | 1 isipuni nsuku zonke ngaphambi kokudla |
Ukwelashwa kokudla
Ngezinga eliphakeme lamafutha acid egazini, imithetho yezondlamzimba ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nokudla okunqunyelwe ushukela. Futhi kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa iziphuzo ezinoshukela kanye ne-carbonated.
Kepha umgomo oyinhloko wokulashwa kokudla kwe-hypercholesterolemia ukususwa kokudla okunothile kwama-trans-fats ekudleni. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kumenyu yansuku zonke kuzodingeka ukhiphe ukudla okulula, ukudla okusheshayo, uwoyela ocolisisiwe, isinqe kanye ne-margarine.
Ukudla okunamafutha kanye nokudla kwasolwandle, kufaka phakathi uwoyela wezinhlanzi, kuvinjelwe. Le mikhiqizo ayikwazi ukuthosiwe noma iphekwe ngesisekelo sabo ama-broths acebile.
Akunconywa ukuthi udle ukudla okulula okuhlukahlukene (ama-crackers, ama-chip), amasoseji, amasoseji, amakhekhe, inyama ebhemayo kanye no-ukhukhamba. Awukwazi ukuphuza ubisi lonke futhi udle imikhiqizo enamafutha eyenziwe kuyo (ibhotela, ushizi onzima).
Kepha iningi lawo wonke ama-cholesterol atholakala e-offal. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukususa ngokuphelele ubuchopho, isibindi nezinso ekudleni.
Ngokweqile kwe-LDL egazini kumenyu yansuku zonke udinga ukufaka:
- Amafutha omifino - umnqumo, i-sesame, ithanga, elikhulisiwe.
- Izithelo namajikijolo - ukwatapheya, amagilebhisi, ama-blueberries, ubhanana, amapomegranati, ama-raspberries, umlotha wentaba, ama-cranberries, ama-apula.
- Izinhlamvu - ilayisi elinsundu, igciwane likakolweni, i-oats, ummbila.
- Amantongomane nokusanhlamvu - ama-walnuts, eBrazil, umsedari, imbewu yefilakisi, ithanga, u-sesame, i-sunflower, ama-alimondi, amakhebuli, ama-pecans, ama-hazelnuts.
- Imifino - i-broccoli, isitshalo seqanda, izaqathe, utamatisi, imifino enezimpande, beet, iklabishi elimhlophe, ugalikhi.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi olunobisi olunamafutha amancane - iyogathi, i-kefir, ushizi we-cottage;
- Isigqila nenyama - inkukhu, isicubu se-turkey, isalmon, i-veal, i-trout, unogwaja, i-tuna.
- Izembe - soya, amaphuphu, ubhontshisi.
Eziziphuzweni kufanelekile ukukhetha amajusi wemvelo nama-compote. Kungcono ukwenqaba ikhofi futhi unikeze ithuba lokuthanda itiye eliluhlaza kanye nama-decoction we-herbal.
Okunye ukutusa okubalulekile kwezokwelapha ukunciphisa ukuncipha kukasawoti kuya kumagremu ayi-5 ngosuku. Ukudla kufanele kuthathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganiselwe (kungabi ngaphezu kwama-200 g ngesikhathi) izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku.
Izindlela zokupheka ezinconyiwe - ukwelashwa okwenziwa umusi, ukupheka, ukuhambisa amandla. Usebenzisa izincomo ezingenhla, ungakha imenyu ewusizo ezobukeka kanjena:
| Isikhathi sokudla | Izinketho zokudla |
| Ibhulakufesi | I-Buckwheat, iphalishi yerayisi, amantongomane, ama-omelet amaqanda amhlophe, isinkwa se-bran, i-cottage shizi casserole noma amakhukhi e-oatmeal |
| Isidlo sasemini | Izithelo, amajikijolo, amahlamvu okusanhlamvu okuphelele noma isaladi yemifino |
| Isidlo sasemini | Inkukhu ethosiwe, amaqebelengwane enhlanzi, isobho lemifino, inhlama ebosiwe noma ebilisiwe, isinkwa se-bran |
| Itiye eliphakeme | Ubisi olubilisiwe olubhakwe, umhluzi we-rose yasendle, isaladi yezithelo noma okusha |
| Ukudla kwakusihlwa | Inhlanzi ebhakiwe, imifino edliwayo, amabhisikidi, inyama ebilisiwe noma ushizi wekhokho |
| Ngaphambi kokulala | Ingilazi yephesenti elilodwa le-kefir, itiye eliluhlaza noma le-herbal, iyogathi enamafutha amancane |
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuvikela ukukhula kwe-hypercholesterolemia, kubalulekile ukuhola impilo enempilo. Ngaphezu kokulandela ukudla okubandakanya ukudla ukudla okunempilo, okunamafutha amancane, udinga ukuzivocavoca.
Lokhu kuzosiza ukwenze isisindo somzimba kube ngokwejwayelekile, ngoba ukukhuluphala nakho kunomthelela ekubonakala kwe-atherosclerosis. Ososayensi abavela eNetherlands bafakazele ukuthi wonke amakhilogremu angeziwe akhuphula ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol egazini ngo-2%. Kuvela ubufakazi bokuthi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yobudala, ukuqeqeshwa njalo kunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo izikhathi ezintathu.
Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngokomzimba yesifo sikashukela ne-hypercholesterolemia ukuhamba, ezemidlalo (i-basketball, ithenisi), ukubhukuda, ukugijima nokuhamba ngamabhayisekili. Udinga ukuqala ukuzivocavoca ngamaphaphu, ukukhulisa nsuku zonke ubukhulu besikhathi nezifundo.
Odokotela babuye baluleke ngokuphelele ukuthi bayeke ngokuphelele imikhuba emibi. Ukubhema kukhathaza ukulingana kwe-HDL ne-LDL. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ugwayi omningi ngosuku ubhema, kuyokhuphuka izinga lekholesterol embi egazini.
I-Alcohol nayo ayinawo umphumela onenzuzo emithanjeni yegazi. Yize okokuqala ngqa ngemuva kokuphuza ama-lumen abo andise. Kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, iphinda ibuye futhi.
Ukuchayeka njalo ngotshwala kubangela ukuthi imikhumbi ingabi namandla kakhulu, i-brittle futhi ilimale kalula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Ethanol iyingozi kakhulu ngemithambo emikhulu ehlinzeka ubuchopho nenhliziyo.
Ukuvimbela i-hypercholesterolemia kubandakanya ukulondolozwa kwesimo esizinzile ngokomzwelo. Ukucindezela kufakazelwe ukwandisa i-cholesterol yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga layo alinciphi kuze kube yilapho umuntu esehlisiwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala noma ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-hypercholesterolemia, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bavakashele udokotela njalo futhi bahlole igazi elinemithambo yegazi. Ikakhulu, lokhu kunconywa kusebenza kwabesilisa abaneminyaka yobudala engama-35, nabesifazane abanokuya esikhathini, abanobungozi obukhulu kakhulu bokubumba i-cholesterol plaque.
Yini ongayenza nge-cholesterol ephezulu izotshela ochwepheshe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
