Izibalo zithi kaningi ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubangela isifo sokuqina kwemizwa. Lesi sifo siholela ku-vasoconstriction, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kokujikeleza kwegazi, imivimbo kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Kepha i-cholesterol idlala yiphi indima kulokhu?
Njengoba wazi, lapho kudliwa amafutha ezilwane, izinsalela zazo azigcini ngokuqwabelana ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Abuye aqoqe emithanjeni yegazi, akha ama-atherosclerotic plaque aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo osenhliziyweni uyanda futhi nengcindezi ikhuphuka. Njengoba iminyaka yomzimba ikhula, isimo siba sibi kakhulu futhi kukhula ischemia.
Ukukhula kwama-plaque kunomthelela ekuqhekekeni kwemithambo yegazi, i-necrosis kanye nokuvela kwe-gangrene. Le yingxenye encane yemiphumela engenzeka ye-hypercholesterolemia. Le nto iyingozi ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela, abantu abangakulandeli ukudla futhi abanemikhuba emibi. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi kuyini i-cholesterol eyingozi nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokwejwayelekile izinga layo.
Kuyini i-cholesterol futhi yini inqubo yayo
I-cholesterol iyi-ester enamafutha. Ikhiqizwa futhi isetshenziswe emzimbeni wesibindi. Ngokudla, ingxenye encane kuphela yento ingena emzimbeni.
Ngefomu eliboshiwe, i-organic compound ikhona kuma-lipoproteins kanye nama-cholesterols. I-LDL iyi-lipoprotein ephansi. Benza i-cholesterol ibe yingozi. Le nto ifakwa ezindongeni ze-vascular, unciphisa i-lumen yazo.
I-HDL - ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kwabantu. Zilusizo ngomzimba, ngoba zivimbela ukwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosulinotic.
Ngaphandle kokulimala kwe-LDL, ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka. Ukuhola imisebenzi cholesterol:
- iyunithi elihlelekile lokwehlukanisa amaseli;
- ubamba iqhaza emsebenzini wezindlala ze-adrenal, ukwakhiwa kwemicu yezinzwa;
- ihlinzeka ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-enzyme okugaya kanye ne-bile;
- ngaphandle kwawo, i-lipid metabolism ayinakwenzeka;
- iyingxenye yamavithamini ancibilikayo nama-hormone;
- inikeza ukuzala;
- kuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube uvithamini D;
- kuvikela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuma-hemolytic ubuthi;
- kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwakheka kwe-bile;
- kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-serotonin receptors, enesibopho sokubukeka kwemizwa yenjabulo nentokozo.
Ukuze umzimba uphile kahle, futhi nalo lonke uhlelo lwayo lusebenze ngokuphelele, kudingeka ibhalansi phakathi kwe-HDL ne-LDL. Izinga le-cholesterol egazini lincike eminyakeni yobudala, ubulili kanye nezici zomzimba womuntu. Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuhlangana kwento kuthathwa kancane, okuhambisana nokuhlelwa kabusha kwesizinda se-hormonal.
Imvelo ye-cholesterol ephelele kumuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ngu-4.6 mmol / l. Isikhombiso esamukelekayo samadoda sisuka ku-2.25 siye ku-4.82 mmol / l, kwabesifazane - 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.
Ngobudala, okujwayelekile kungashintsha, ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni engama-40-60, izinga kusuka ku-6.7 laya ku-7.2 mmol / l lamukelekile.
Izimbangela kanye nezimpawu ze-hypercholesterolemia
Kunezici eziningi ezingakhuphula inani le-LDL egazini. Isizathu esihamba phambili ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe amafutha ama-trans athinta kabi uhlelo lwenhliziyo.
Amazinga we-cholesterol akhuphuka ngokungasebenzi kahle komzimba. Ukungabikho kwemithwalo kwehlisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwe-LDL emikhunjini. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ingozi ye-hypercholesterolemia inyuka ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-steroid, ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kanye ne-corticosteroids.
Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi kube nama-acid amaningi ngokweqile ukuqina kwe-bile esibindini. Le nqubo iba ngemuva komthelela wokutheleleka ngegciwane, uphuzo oludakayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziningi.
Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukunqwabelana kwe-LDL egazini:
- ukukhuluphala
- ukuntuleka kwama-hormone akhiqizwa i-gland yegilo;
- isakhi sofuzo;
- gout
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- umlutha (ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nokubhema);
- ukuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- ukucindezelwa okungapheli;
- isifo sezinso
- i-megaloblastic anemia.
Izifo zamaphaphu ezingalapheki, isifo samathambo, ukuswelakala kwamakhambi okuzelapha, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, isifo i-Werner syndrome kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Ngisho nesimo sezulu sithinta izinga le-LDL. Ngakho-ke, ezakhamuzini zamazwe aseningizimu ukuqoqwa kwento efana namafutha emzimbeni kuphezulu kakhulu kunakukuchitha kwabantu eNyakatho.
Ukuqongelelwa kwe-cholesterol kuholela kushukela. Izinga lezinto ezilimazayo lincike eminyakeni yobudala nobulili. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amadoda maningi amathuba okuba ne-hypercholesterolemia, futhi asebekhulile bane-metabolism eyehlisiwe, yingakho ukukhuphuka kwe-vascular and zinthu eziyingozi kungena kalula ezindongeni zabo.
Unganquma ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol ephezulu egazini ekhaya, uma unaka izimpawu eziningi. Ngokuqongelela into efana namafutha emzimbeni, izinhlungu zenzeka emaphethelweni aphansi nasentanyeni, ukuphefumula, i-angina pectoris, i-migraine ne-hypertension.
Ama-Xanthomas avele esikhunjeni sesiguli. Lawa amabala aphuzi azungeze amehlo. Ezinye izimpawu ze-hypercholesterolemia:
- i-coronary thrombosis;
- isisindo ngokweqile;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
- ukwehluleka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla;
- ukusweleka kwamavithamini;
- ukulimala okubonakalayo nokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi.
I-cholesterol elimazayo emzimbeni
Ngabe ukweqiwa kweLDL kungasongela ngani? Lapho okuqukethwe yi-cholesterol kungaphezu kokujwayelekile, kuvela isifo sokuqina kwamathambo, esandisa amathuba okushaywa unhlangothi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kugcina kubangelwa ukulimala komthambo we-coronary odla i-myocardium ngama-atherosclerotic plaque.
Lapho umphongolo wegazi uvalekile, inani elanele legazi nomoya-mpilo alungeni enhliziyweni. Le yindlela ukukhula kwe-inhliziyoos, lapho isiguli sithola khona ubuthakathaka, isigqi senhliziyo siyaphazamiseka, kuthi ukuqina kube khona.
Uma lesi sifo singatholakalanga ngesikhathi, khona-ke izinhlungu ezinzima enhliziyweni zenzeka nezindlela ze-IHD. I-Ischemia iyingozi ngoba iholela ekushayweni noma ekushayweni yinhliziyo.
Futhi, ukulimala kwe-hypercholesterolemia ukuthi kunomthelela ekubonakala kwezindawo eziphethwe yi-atherosulinotic emithanjeni yobuchopho. Ngenxa yokungondleki kahle komzimba, umuntu uye wakhohlwa, uhlushwa yikhanda, uhlala emnyama emehlweni akhe. Uma i-atherosulinosis yobuchopho ihambisana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, khona-ke amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi anyuke amahlandla ayi-10.
Kepha ingozi enkulu yezempilo ukuthi ama-atherosulinotic plaque avame ukufaka isandla ekuqhekekeni kwe-aorta. Futhi lokhu kugcwele ukufa, futhi kungenzeka ukusiza umuntu kuphela kwi-10% yamacala.
Uma weqa isilinganiso se-cholesterol esegazini, kungavela ezinye izifo ezithile;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal;
- izifo ezingamahlalakhona zesibindi nezindlala ze-adrenal;
- isifo sikashukela se-nephropathy;
- angina pectoris;
- i-pulmonary embolism;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
Ungayilungisa kanjani i-cholesterol
I-Hypercholesterolemia kufanele ilashwe ngokuphelele. Uma i-cholesterol ibalulekile, ukuze uyihlise udinga ukubona udokotela ozonikeza ukwelashwa ngemithi. Izidakamizwa ezidumile ze-atherosclerosis ama-statins, ama-bile acid sequestrants, i-fibrate, i-ACE inhibitors, ama-vasodilators nama-omega-3 acid. I-Alpha lipoic acid nayo inqunyelwe.
Ngaphezu kokuphuza umuthi, ukusebenza ngokomzimba nokuhamba emoyeni omusha kuzosiza ukunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL eyingozi. Kubalulekile futhi ukulahla umlutha, ukugwema ukucindezelwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezifo zezinso, isibindi, amaphaphu, inhliziyo, ama-pancreas.
Ukudla okufanele kuzosiza futhi ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini. Nge-hypercholesterolemia, kuyadingeka ukuqeda ekudleni:
- amafutha ezilwane;
- amaswidi;
- ujusi wamatamatisi;
- imikhiqizo eseqedile;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- ukubhaka;
- ikhofi
- ukhukhamba.
Kunconywa ukudla ukudla okungokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Lokhu ama-hercule, izaqathi, ummbila, rye noma isinkwa esinsundu. Futhi, abanesifo sikashukela abane-atherossteosis kufanele bafake izithelo zezithelo, ugarliki, ukwatapheya, ukhula lwasolwandle, ama-apula kanye namagamu ekudleni.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabantu abanezinkinga ngohlelo lwezinhliziyo, kuqinisekisile ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kawoyela onamafutha. Umkhiqizo ucebile ngamafutha acid, alawula isilinganiso se-LDL ku-HDL. Ukwenza i-cholesterol ibe phansi, kwanele ukusebenzisa cishe ama-50 ml kawoyela ngosuku.
I-Parsley, equkethe ama-coarse fiber yokudla okuhlanza amathumbu, izosiza ukuqeda i-hypercholesterolemia. Noma kulwa ne-cholesterol embi, kusetshenziswa amakhowe e-oyster. Amakhowe ane-statin yemvelo evumela ukuthi umzimba ube ne-lipid metabolism.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-cholesterol kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
