I-cholesterol ephelele iyinto ehlanganisa utshwala namafutha. Kutholakala kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kuyabonakala esibindini, ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, emithanjeni ye-adrenal nasezinyonweni. Inani eliphelele emzimbeni licishe libe ngama-35 g.
Ezincwadini ezifuywayo nezakwamanye amazwe, ungathola igama elihlukile lale ngxenye - ibizwa nge- "cholesterol". Ingxenye enjengamafutha yenza imisebenzi eminingi - ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokugaya ukudla, ibamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwamahomoni ocansi abesilisa nabesifazane.
Ngosizo lwe-cholesterol, izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza kahle i-cortisol, futhi kukhiqizwa u-Vitamin D emithonjeni yamadwala .. Ngokuvamile, umzimba womuntu ukhiqiza izinto eziningi ngokwazo, futhi cishe u-25% uza nokudla.
Cabanga ukuthi yikuphi ukugcotshwa kwento efana namafutha ethathwa njengelingene kwabesilisa nabesifazane futhi kungani abanesifo sikashukela besengozini?
Iyini i-cholesterol ephelele?
Igama elithi "cholesterol" liyisakhi se-lipid esikhona kulolwelwesi lwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Ayincibiliki emanzini, ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-cholesterol yinto engalungile ebangela ukulimala okukhulu emzimbeni. Kepha empeleni lokhu akunjalo. Ukuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol kungenxa yokudla kwabantu. Ama-25% kuphela afakwa ngokudla, kanti okuseleyo kukhiqizwa yi-adrenal gust kanye nesibindi.
Isisho esithi "i-cholesterol ephelele" sisho izinhlobo ezimbili zezakhi ezinjengamafutha - lezi yi-HDL ne-LDL. Lezi yizinto ze-lipid zobunzima obuphansi futhi obuphezulu. I- "Dangerous" isakhi esisho ama-lipids aphansi kakhulu. Emzimbeni womuntu, uhlangana nezakhi zamaprotheni, emva kwalokho zihlala ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka izingqimba ze-atherosulinotic eziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
I-HDL iyinto ewusizo, ngoba ayakhi ama-plaque, ngenkathi isiza ukuqeda okwakhiwe kakade. I-cholesterol esezingeni eliphakeme iqoqa into "emibi" emithanjeni yegazi nasezindongeni ezingemuva kwayo, ngemuva kwalokho idluliselwe esibindini, lapho kuchithwa ingxenye "eyingozi". I-HDL ayiveli nokudla, kepha ikhiqizwa kuphela emzimbeni.
Ukusebenza kwe-cholesterol kule mikhakha elandelayo:
- Kuyisakhi sokwakha ulwelwesi lwamaseli. Njengoba ingancibiliki emanzini, lokhu kwenza ama-membranes weseli angangeni. Zingama-95% ezakhiwa ngezakhi ze-lipid.
- Ikhuthaza ukuvela okujwayelekile kwama-hormone ocansi.
- Uthatha iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Ilawula ukukhiqizwa kwama-asidi, ama-lipids, ama-steroid ama-hormone nezinye izinto eziwusizo zomzimba.
- Usekela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi i-cholesterol ithinta ubuhlakani bomuntu, ithinta ukuxhumana kwe-neural. Uma kune-cholesterol eminingi “enhle” esegazini, lokhu kungukuvimbela kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zaselebhu zisetshenziselwa ukunquma i-cholesterol yegazi.
Kunconywa ukuthi bonke abantu bathathe ukuhlaziya ukuze bahlole ubungozi besifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela neminye imiqondo.
Ngubani odinga ukulawula i-cholesterol?
Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol akuzivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela, azikho izimpawu eziqondakalayo, ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, umuntu akaqapheli ukwanda kwakhe kwe-pathological.
Kodwa-ke, abelaphi bancoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola le nkomba njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Futhi, uma kunomlando wezinkinga ngenhliziyo noma ngemithambo yegazi, ukuhlaziya kufanele kuthathwe kaningi.
I-cholesterol ingaphindwa kabili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kwehluka kokujwayelekile, ngenxa yezinguquko ze-hormonal kanye nezinye izinguquko emzimbeni ezihambisana nokukhula kwengqondo kwengane.
Abantu abalandelayo basengozini:
- Ukubhema abantu;
- I-Hypertension (iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme);
- Abantu abanokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ngokweqile;
- Isifo sikashukela
- Uma umlando wesifo senhliziyo;
- Abesifazane be-menopausal
- Amadoda ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40;
- Abantu abadala.
Ngoshukela, zonke izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba ziyahlupheka. Inkinga ukuthi labo bantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kungakhathalekile ukuthi basebenza kangakanani ekulweni nokulawulwa kwe-glucose, bathambekele ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-density triglycerides ephansi kanye ne-cholesterol ephansi, kanti amazinga abo wegazi lezinto "ezinhle" ancishisiwe.
Lesi sithombe siholela ematfuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa izinguquko ze-atherosulinotic emzimbeni. Ama-cholesterol plaque akhiwa odongeni lwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi abonakala ngokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu nokuqukethwe kwezicubu zomzimba ezingezansi, okwandisa ingozi yokuhlukaniswa kwe-plaque - umkhumbi uyavalwa, okuholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma ekushayweni yisifo sikashukela.
Izindlela zokuthola i-cholesterol
Ukunquma isilinganiso se-cholesterol enhle nokubi emzimbeni, kudingeka ucwaningo lwelabhoratri. Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical. Ibonisa inani le-cholesterol ephelele, ukuqoqwa kwe-LDL ne-HDL. Amayunithi yi-mg nge-dl noma i-mmol ngelitha ngalinye. Okujwayelekile kungenxa yeminyaka yomuntu, ubulili.
Kwezokwelapha, lapho kwenziwa isiphetho, aqondiswa amatafula athile lapho kukhonjiswa khona amanani womngcele wabesifazane nabesilisa. Ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile kwendlela eyodwa kuya kwenye kubonisa i-pathology. Kunoma ikuphi, uma okuqukethwe kwe-izidakamizwa kungaphezu kuka-5.2 mmol ilitha ngalinye, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe - iphrofayili ye-lipid.
I-lipidogram yisifundo esibanzi esisiza ekuboneni ukuqoqwa kwenkomba ejwayelekile, izingxenyana zayo, ama-triglycerides, kanye nenkomba ye-atherogenic. Ngokusekelwe kuma-coefficients ale datha, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona ubungozi be-atherosclerosis noma cha.
Ukuhlaziywa kufaka phakathi ukwahlukaniswa kwe-cholesterol ephelele kwi-alpha-cholesterol (ejwayelekile kuze kufike ku-1 mmol / l) - into engafakwa emzimbeni womuntu ne-beta-cholesterol (ejwayelekile kuze kufike ku-3 mmol / l) - isakhi esinomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwe-LDL emithanjeni yegazi.
Futhi, iphrofayili ye-lipid isiza ukumisa isilinganiso sezinto ezimbili. Uma inkomba ingaphansi kuka-3.0, khona-ke ubungozi bezifo zohlelo lwethambo alunakwa. Esimweni lapho ipharamitha 4.16, amathuba okuthi isifo akhuphuke. Uma inani lingaphezu kwe-5.0-5.7, khona-ke ubungozi buphakeme noma isifo sivele sikhona.
Manje usungathenga isivivinyo esikhethekile, esithengiswa emakhemisi. Ukuyisebenzisa, nquma ukuhlangana kwento ekhaya. Ucwaningo olunjalo lubalulekile ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba cishe kuzo zonke iziguli izinga lezinto ezimbi egazini landa.
Amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kocwaningo awukwazi:
- Ukubhema.
- Phuza utshwala.
- Yiba novalo.
Ukuziqapha kuyanconywa futhi nangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65 neziguli ezihlushwa yimithambo yehliziyo.
Ukuhunyushwa kokuhlaziywa: okujwayelekile nokuphambuka
Inani elifanele lingaphansi kwamayunithi angama-5.2. Uma izinkomba zisusela ku-5.2 kuye ku-6.2 mmol / l, khona-ke lezi yizibalo eziphezulu ezivumelekile. Esimweni lapho ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kukhombisa umphumela wamayunithi angaphezu kwangama-6.2 - leli izinga eliphakeme. Ngakho-ke, amanani 7.04, 7.13, 7.5 no-7.9 kumele ancishiswe.
Ukwehlisa amanani, udinga ukuvuselela ukudla. Alandela inombolo yokudla eyisi-5, agcina irejimeni yokuphuza, ahambe nemidlalo. Uma kungekho mphumela, kunikezwa izidakamizwa zokwelapha - izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa izinga lekholesterol embi egazini.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yabantu abadala kunezimbangela ezahlukahlukene. Lawa ama-mellitus esifo sikashukela, ukuvuvukala okulimazayo kwe-prostate gland, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli, imikhuba emibi yokudla, ukuswela ukuzivocavoca, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, njll.
Izinga le "cholesterol" embi "etafuleni:
| Ngaphansi kwamayunithi angama-1.8 | Inani le-Optimum ezigulini ezinobungozi obukhulu bokuthuthukisa i-pathologies ye-inhliziyo. |
| Ngaphansi kwama-unit angama-2.6 | Isibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sabantu abanefa lokuthola isifo senhliziyo. |
| Amayunithi 2.6-3.3 | Inkomba enhle kakhulu. |
| Amayunithi angama-3.4 kuya kwayi-4.1 | Inani eliphezulu elivumelekile. |
| Amayunithi angu-4.1 kuya kwayi-4,9 | Izinga eliphakeme. |
| Amayunithi angaphezu kuka-4.9 | Inani eliphakeme kakhulu. |
Ekuhlaziyeni kukhombisa i-HDL enjalo noma i-cholesterol enhle. Kwabesifazane, inani elijwayelekile nelingcono kakhulu liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1,3 kuye ku-1,6 mmol / l, kwabesilisa - amayunithi angu-1,0 kuya kwayi-1,6. Kubi uma ipharamitha yendoda ingaphansi koyedwa, futhi kowesifazane engaphansi kwe-1,3 mmol / l.
Lapho imiphumela ihunyushwa ngokuhambisana nezindlela ezilinganiselwe, akubhekisiswa kuphela ubulili neqembu lesiguli kubhekiswa kulo, kodwa nezinye izinto ezingathinta inani lokugcina. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Isikhathi sonyaka. Kuya ngesizini, ukuqoqwa kwento kuvame ukwahluka - kukhuphuke noma kunciphe. Sekuyisikhathi eside kufakazelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubanda (ebusika noma ekuqaleni kokuwa), okuqukethwe yi-cholesterol kukhuphuka ngo-2-5%. Ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi ngamaphesenti amancane kuyisici somzimba, hhayi i-pathology;
- Ukuqala komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala yomjikelezo, ukuphambuka kungaba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi, okuyisici somzimba womuntu wesifazane. Emazingeni akamuva, kutholakala ukwanda okungu-5-9%. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zokuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-lipid ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezenziwa ngama-hormone ocansi;
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-cholesterol iyakwazi ukuphinda kabili, okuyinto evamile kulesi sikhathi. Uma ukuhlushwa kukhuphuka ngokwengeziwe, khona-ke ukwelashwa kuyadingeka okugxila ekulinganiseni izinga;
- I-Pathology. Uma isiguli sinezinkinga ze-angina pectoris, i-arterial hypertension, thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1, izifo zokuphefumula ezinamandla, khona-ke kukhona ingozi yokwanda okukhulu kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni;
- Ama-tumors wesimo esibuhlungu aholela ekwehleni okubukhali kokuqukethwe kotshwala be-lipid. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda ngosayizi wezicubu ze-pathological. Ukukhula kwalo kudinga izakhi eziningi, kufaka phakathi notshwala obunamafutha.
Ukufushane kumuntu, kwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol. Ngominyaka yobudala, umngcele ovumelekile uyahluka. Isibonelo, uma kowesifazane eneminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-30, imvamisa ye-LDL ifinyelela kumayunithi angama-4,25, khona-ke eminyakeni engama-50-55 umkhawulo ophezulu ngu-5.21 mmol / l.
I-cholesterol iyinto esiza umzimba ukuthi usebenze. Ukukhula kwe-LDL kudinga ukuthi kuthathwe isenzo ngokushesha esenzelwe ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli, isifo senhliziyo.
Yini i-cholesterol ezotshela isazi kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
