Kubantu abaningi, umqondo we "cholesterol" uhlotshaniswa nezimpawu eziyingozi, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi "umbulali omnene." Kepha lona umbono oyiphutha. Eqinisweni, into engenayo ayinamiphumela emibi kuphela, kodwa futhi inomphumela omuhle, ngoba muhle futhi mubi.
I-cholesterol isiyonke ihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-cholesterol ephezulu nephansi. Kungumsebenzi wesibili onomphumela ongemuhle emzimbeni uma ukuqina kwawo esegazini kukhuphuka kakhulu. Ngokwesakhiwo sonke se-LDL kuthatha ngaphezu kwama-70%.
I-cholesterol embi "ithatha" i-cholesterol evela esibindini somuntu futhi isakazeka kuzo zonke izakhiwo zomzimba. Lapho inqwabelana, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukucubungula ngokuphelele into, ngenxa yalokho, ahlala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ngendlela yamachaphaza cholesterol. Benza ukuthi ukukhanyiswa kwemikhumbi kube mncane, ngenxa yalokho i-atherosulinosis, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi kukhula.
I-Atherogenicity iyimpahla ye-lipoprotein eyingozi yokuqongelela odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi bese ifomu lama-atherosselotic plaque. Izinhlayiya ezengeziwe zokwakheka kwamafutha namaprotheni, zikhula ngobukhulu uswazi. Ukuhluka kwe-LDL ukuthi ayikhiqizwa kuphela emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa futhi ivela ngaphandle - kanye nokudla.
I-cholesterol eyingozi futhi inenzuzo
Uma inani lokugcwala kwe-cholesterol lenyuka, kubi noma cha? Ngokuqinisekile, noma yikuphi ukungalingani emzimbeni womuntu kuyingozi enkulu hhayi empilweni kuphela kodwa nasempilweni. Lapho kukhuphuka i-cholesterol embi yegazi, kuba nengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, i-angina pectoris eqhubekayo, isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, kukhona into ewusizo esiza zonke izitho nezinhlelo ukuthi zisebenze. I-HDL noma i-cholesterol enhle isiza ukuqinisa ulwelwesi lweseli olulinganisa izitho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle; kuyasiza ukuqinisa amandla ayo, evikela emiphumeleni yezinto ezingezinhle.
I-cholesterol enhle iyabandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwama-hormone ocansi emadodeni nakwabesifazane, isiza ukukhiqiza ama-bile acid, ihlinzeka ngokusondelana phakathi kwama-neurons emithanjeni yamakhemikhali omgogodla nentambo yomgogodla.
Izinkinga zempilo zikhonjwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Lapho kuphakama i-cholesterol ephelele, ecasulwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, isifo sikashukela) kanye nezinto ezicasulayo - ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukubhema, isisindo ngokweqile, ukubekeka phambili kofuzo, ukungondleki, njll.
- Nge-dyslipidemia - ukwephulwa kwesilinganiso se-cholesterol enhle nokubi.
Umphumela we-atherogenic wento eyingozi emzimbeni ufakazelwe. I-LDL ngesikhathi sokuhamba idlulela egazini inamandla okulahlekelwa yingxenye yamangqamuzana ayo. Lapho kukhona izinto ezilimazayo (izifo ze-metabolic, isifo sikashukela, ukubhema, njll.), I-cholesterol yamahhala ihlala odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yalokho inqubo yenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kokuqina kwe-atherossteosis iqala.
I-cholesterol ewusizo ihlukile kune- "umuntu" oyingozi esakhiweni sayo, ingxenyana. Kuyasiza ukuhlanza izindonga zemithambo yegazi kusuka kuma-plaque akhiwe, ukuthumela isakhi esibi esibuyisele esibindini ukuze sisebenze.
Amathuba we-atherosclerosis kanye nezinkinga kuncike kwisilinganiso se-cholesterol embi nokuhle ekuhlolweni kwegazi.
Imvelo ye-cholesterol ngokuya ngeminyaka
Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol engakanani emzimbeni? Ukuthola inani, kubalulekile ukuphumelela izivivinyo. Ucwaningo lunconyelwa abantu abaphilile njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4. Uma umlando wezinto zobungozi ushukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga ngohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo, bese okungenani amahlandla ambalwa ngonyaka.
| I-cholesterol ephelele | |
| Ngaphansi kwamayunithi angama-5.2 | Inani elifanele |
| Amayunithi angu-5.2 kuya ku-6.2 | Isikhombi esiphezulu esivumelekile |
| Kusuka ku-6.2 nangaphezulu | Inani eliphakeme |
Kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kobudala bomuntu kanye nokuxakaniseka kwezinto. Lapho umuntu eba mdala, kuphakama umkhawulo owamukelekayo kuye. Imvelo ezigulini ezineminyaka engu-20 ubudala nakwabadala yehluke kakhulu.
| Ukuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol embi emzimbeni | |
| Kufika ku-1.8 mmol / l | Inani lanele kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu be-pathologies yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. |
| Ngaphansi kuka-2.6 mmol / l | Inani elijwayelekile labantu abanqunyelwe izifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. |
| 2.6-3.3 mmol / l | Isilinganiso esijwayelekile |
| 3.4-4.1 mmol / l | Imvelo, kepha sekuvele kukhona ingozi ye-atherosclerosis |
| 4.1-4.9 mmol / l | Izinga eliphakeme elivumelekile |
| Kusuka ku-4.9 mmol / l | Ukudla kuyadingeka, ukwelashwa okulondolozayo |
Ngakho-ke, ithebula libonisa ukuthi amanani we-2,5-2.8 ukujwayelekile, njengoba kunjalo ngo-4.7 mmol / l. Kepha esimweni sokuqala, ubungozi bokukhula kwe-pathologies buphansi, kukhetho lwesibili kunconyelwa ukuthi lubuyele kabusha uhlelo lokudla kwakho, ngoba amathuba ezinkinga ngohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo luphezulu.
Ekuhlushweni okuthile, umzimba womuntu udinga zonke izingxenyana ze-lipoprotein. Ngokwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, izinga le-cholesterol eyingozi nelizuzisayo yethulwa etafuleni:
| I-HDL (mmol / L) | I-LDL (mmol / L) | |
| Amadoda | 0.78-1.81 | 1.55-4.92 |
| Abesifazane | 0.78-2.2 | 1.55-5.57 |
| Ekhulelwe | 0.8-2.0 | 1.83-6.09 |
| Izingane ezineminyaka engu-0 kuye kwengu-14 ubudala | 0.78-1.68 | 1.5-3.89 |
Isici esijabulisayo ukuthi uma kunezinkomba ezijwayelekile, i-LDL ne-HDL, ungbala amathuba okuthuthuka kwezinguquko ze-atherosselotic kanye nezinkinga zenhliziyo kwisimo esithile esithile. Ocwaningweni olubizwa ngephrofayili ye-lipid, ubungozi buboniswa ekuhlanganisweni kwe-atherogenic.
Kunqunywa yifomula - inani eliphelele lamafutha anjengezinto ezisuswayo ingxenye yokuxinana okukhulu. Inani eliphumele lihlukaniswe nge-LDL. Ukukhishwa yisilinganiso sezinto ezimbili. Imvamisa, inkomba ayikho ngaphezu kwamayunithi angama-3.5.
Ukwehla komthamo awubonakaliswa ukubaluleka komtholampilo, kepha kungakhombisa amathuba aphansi okuthi ube nesifo sohlangothi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukwandisa ngamabomu umkhathi awudingekile. Lapho isilinganiso siphezulu kunamayunithi angama-3.5, ukuxilongwa ngokuphelele nokwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis kuyadingeka.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, i-LDL ivame ukwanda, ngakho-ke, iphrofayili ehlosiwe ye-lipid yabanesifo sikashukela iye yathuthukiswa. Iziguli ziyelulekwa ukuba zilwele lezi zindinganiso ezilandelayo:
- I-OH - ukuya kumayunithi angama-4,5.
- I-LDL ifinyelela kumayunithi angama-2.6.
- I-HDL Kwabesilisa, kusukela kuyunithi, kwabesifazane abasuka ku-1,3 mmol / l.
- Ama-Triglycerides angaphansi kwamayunithi angama-1.7.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukulawula hhayi kuphela izinkomba zoshukela emzimbeni, kodwa futhi nokucacisa iphrofayili ye-lipid okungenani kabili ngonyaka.
Uma kwenzeka ukuphambuka, ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuyadingeka.
Izimbangela Zokukhula Kwe-cholesterol
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism emzimbeni womuntu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-dyslipidemia. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi isilinganiso se-LDL ku-HDL sephukile. Ukuxilongwa la kukholakala ngokungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela, ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi kanye nabantu ngemuva kweminyaka engu-40 yobudala.
Ukwanda okwenzeka ku-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi kunezimbangela ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa kwesimo sofuzo, imikhuba emibi yokudla, lapho ukudla kulawulwa ngokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane futhi kunenqwaba yama-carbohydrate alula.
Ukukhulelwa, ukugcwala ngokweqile ngokomzwelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nokubhema, i-pathologies yesibindi kanye nenyongo kungaholela ekwandeni kwe-LDL. Ukukhula kwe-cholesterol embi kuwuphawu olungathandeki lwezempilo, okubonisa ubungozi bokukhula kwe-atherosclerosis.
Isifo se-lipid metabolism ngokuyinhloko sithinta isimo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ebantwini, ithoni ye-vascular iyancipha, amathuba okushaywa kwegazi ayanda, futhi nengozi yokushaywa / yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo iyanda.
Izinga eliphansi le-LDL kwezokwelapha zanamuhla liyivelakancane. Ngaphansi kwesimo samanani amancane noma ancishisiwe, bakhuluma ngengozi ephansi yokushintshwa kwe-atherosulinotic. Asikho isidingo sokukhulisa ngezindlela zokwelashwa.
Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa i-cholesterol enhle yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukugaya okungahambi kahle kwe-glucose emzimbeni (isifo sikashukela);
- Izifo ezenzekile;
- Ama-pathologies wesimo esithathelwanayo kanye nangegciwane.
Uma i-HDL iphakeme kunokwejwayelekile, lokhu kukhombisa ukuncipha kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo nezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso kuphela esimweni lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibangelwa yindlela yokuphila enempilo, ukudla okulinganiselayo nokuvivinya umzimba okwanele.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukukhula kwe-HDL kuzibonakalisa kuphambene nesizinda se-pathologies ethile yesimo sofuzo, esinobuvila nesomuntu.
Izindlela zokunciphisa i-cholesterol
Ukususa into eyingozi emikhunjini nasemithanjeni, kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke udinga ukubekezela. Inqubo ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa iye eminyakeni embalwa. Basondela ekwelashweni ngokuphelele. Indlela yokuphila enempilo iyanconywa kuqala.
Uma ukhuluphele, udinga ukunciphisa umzimba. Qiniseka ukuyeka ukubhema, utshwala, ukudlala imidlalo. Esikhathini sikashukela, udinga ukubheka ushukela wegazi njalo, ugweme ushintsho olungazelelwe, futhi uphathe izingqinamba ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungalawula ushukela wegazi usebenzisa i-electrochemical glucometer.
Ukudla kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kulungiswa. Isifo sikashukela asidingi ukunikela ngokudla hhayi kuphela ekudleni okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi, kepha futhi nokudla okuqukethe inani elincane lezinto ezinjengamafutha. Ngokwesifo sikashukela, indlela ejwayelekile ye-cholesterol ngosuku ifinyelela ku-200 mg, kwezinye iziguli kuze kufike ku-300 mg.
Imikhiqizo iyasuswa kwimenyu:
- Inyama, inyama yenkomo namafutha engulube.
- Isibindi, ulimi, izinso nokunye okukhaliphile.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphezulu.
- Ikhofi eqinile, itiye, amandla.
Kuzosiza ukususa i-cholesterol eyingozi kanye nerejimeni yokuphuza. Kuxoxwa ngakunye, ngokwesibonelo, ezinkingeni ezinso, kubalulekile ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi emzimbeni, kwezinye izimo kunconywa ukuphuza amalitha ayi-2-3 amanzi ngosuku.
Imithi esebenzayo ibekelwa ezimweni lapho ezemidlalo nokudla kungasizi. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zingafakwa kwirejimeni yokwelashwa:
- Imithi eqenjini lama-statins - iLovastatin, Simvastatin. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imithi ekulesi sigaba isiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi, njengoba ithuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni;
- Amafutha anconyelwa kakhulu ukukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela;
- Izidakamizwa ezisiza ukubopha i-bile acid (cholesterol);
- Acids Omega-3, Omega 6.
Inhloso yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nengewona izidakamizwa ukubuyisa ibhalansi ejwayelekile phakathi kwe-cholesterol eyingozi futhi ezuzisayo. Ukuhlelwa ngokwejwayelekile kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kuthinta kahle umzimba wonke, kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokubunjelwa kwe-cholesterol plaque.
Mayelana ne-cholesterol "enhle" ne "embi" echazwe kuvidiyo kuleli vidiyo.
