I-Sucrose: izakhiwo zomzimba nomehluko kusuka kushukela

Izici ze-sucrose kufanele zicatshangwe ngokuya nge-physics ne-chemistry. Umuthi uyi-disaccharide ejwayelekile, ngaphezu kwakho konke ikhona ku-nzoba kanye nama-beet.

Uma ingena emgudwini we-gastrointestinal, ukwakheka kwe-sucrose kudilizwa ku-carbohydrate elula - i-fructose ne-glucose. Kungumthombo omkhulu wamandla, ngaphandle kwawo ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba akunakwenzeka.

Yimpahla yiphi ebonakala ngento ethile, nokuthi inamthelela muni emzimbeni, ivezwa kulokhu okuqukethwe.

Ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zento

I-Sucrose (amanye amagama - umoba noma i-sucrose) kungukukhipha eqenjini lama-oligosaccharides aqukethe izinsalela ezi-2-10 ze-monosaccharide. Inezinto ezimbili - i-alpha glucose ne-beta fructose. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali yi-C₁₂N₂₂Hhawu₁₁.

Into esefomini yayo emsulwa imelelwa amakristalu asobala we-monoclinic. Lapho isisindo esincibilikisiwe siqine, kwakhiwa i-caramel, isb. ifomu elingenamibala. Ushukela womoba u-soluble kakhulu emanzini (N₂O) ne-ethanol (C₂H₅OH), i-soluble kancane ku-methanol (CH₃I-OH) futhi icishe ibe nokuhluleka ukungena ku-diethyl ether ((C₂H₅)₂O). Umuthi ungancibilika ekushiseni okungu-186 ℃.

I-Sucrose akuyona i-aldehyde, kepha ithathwa njenge-disaccharide ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ushisa i-sucrose nesixazululo se-ammonia Ag₂O, ukwakheka kwesibuko sesiliva ngeke kwenzeke. Ukushisa into nge-Cu (OH)₂ ngeke kuholele ekwakhekeni kwe-iron oxide. Uma isixazululo se-sucrose sibilisiwe kanye ne-hydrogen chloride (HCl) noma i-sulfuric acid (H₂Ngakho₄), bese uhlukanisa i-alkali nokushisa nge-Cu (OH)₂khona-ke ukutholakala kokubomvu kutholakala ekugcineni.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lamanzi, kwakheka i-glucose ne-fructose. Phakathi kwama-iscrose angama-isomers anefomula efanayo yama-molecule, i-lactose nemaltose ahlukile.

Imiphi imikhiqizo equkethwe?

Emvelweni, le disaccharide ivame kakhulu. I-Sucrose itholakala ezithelo, izithelo, namajikijolo.

Ngobukhulu obuningi, kutholakala kumashukela omoba noshukela. Ushukela uvame ezindaweni ezishisayo naseNingizimu Melika. Ezihlangeni zawo ushukela ongu-18-21%.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusuka kumhlanga lapho ama-65% wokukhiqizwa ushukela omhlaba atholakala khona. Amazwe aholayo ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo yiNdiya, iBrazil, China, Thailand, neMexico.

IBeetroot iqukethe cishe i-20% sucrose futhi iyisitshalo esineminyaka emibili. Izitshalo ezimpande eMbusweni waseRussia zaqala ukukhula, kusukela ngekhulu le-XIX. Njengamanje, iRussia ikhula ngokwanele ama-beet ashukela ukuze azondle futhi athumele ushukela we-beet phesheya.

Umuntu akaboni nakancane ukuthi ekudleni kwakhe okujwayelekile kune-sucrose. Kutholakala ekudleni okunjalo:

• izinsuku;
• amabhomu;
• ama-prunes
• amakhukhi we-gingerbread;
• i-marmalade;
• omisiwe;
• i-irge;
• i-apula marshmallow;
• medlar;
• inyosi yezinyosi;
• ijusi le-maple;
• utshani obumnandi;
• amakhiwane omisiwe;
• ubisi lwe-birch;
• ikhabe;
• i-Persimmon;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu le-sucrose litholakala izaqathe.

Ukusebenziseka kwe-sucrose kubantu

Ngokushesha lapho ushukela usendimeni yokugaya ukudla, yehle ibe ngama-carbohydrate alula. Ngemuva kwalokho zihanjiswa ngemithambo yegazi ziye kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomzimba.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwe-sucrose yi-glucose, ngoba ingumthombo oyinhloko wamandla wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, 80% wezindleko zamandla ziyabuyiselwa.

Ngakho-ke, usizo lwe-sucrose lomzimba womuntu imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugcwele kwamandla.
2. Ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi wobuchopho.
3. Ukubuyisela umsebenzi wokuvikela isibindi.
4. Sekela umsebenzi we-neurons kanye nemisipha ethambile.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Sucrose kuholela ekungabekezelelekeni, isimo sokunganaki okuphelele, ukukhathala, ukuntuleka kwamandla nokucindezeleka. Izinto ezengeziwe zibangela ukwehla kwamafutha (ukukhuluphala), isifo se-periodontal, ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zamazinyo, i-pathology yomlomo, i-thrush, ukulunywa ngofuzo, futhi futhi kwandise amathuba we-hyperglycemia kanye nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Sucrose kukhuphuka lapho umuntu ehlala enyakaza, esebenza kakhulu ngokomqondo, noma evezwa ukudakwa kakhulu.

Izinzuzo ze-sucrose, i-fructose ne-glucose, kufanele zibhekwe ngokuhlukile.

I-Fructose yinto etholakala ezithelo ezintsha kakhulu. Ine-aftertaste emnandi futhi ayithinti i-glycemia. Inkomba ye-glycemic ingamayunithi angama-20 kuphela.

I-fructose eyeqile iholela ku-cirrhosis, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, i-gout, ukukhuluphala kwesibindi, nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ekucwaningweni kwesayensi, kwafakazelwa ukuthi le nto ishesha kakhulu kune-glucose ebangela izimpawu zokuguga.

IGlucose iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yama-carbohydrate emhlabeni wethu. Kubangela ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-glycemia futhi kugcwalisa umzimba ngamandla adingekayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose yenziwe kusuka kuma-starches, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo equkethe ama-starches alula (irayisi ne-premium kafulawa) kuholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi.

Inqubo enjalo ye-pathological ifaka ukwehla kokungazethezeki, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukukhuluphala, ukuqina kokuqina kwe-lipid, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba okungekuhle, ukuwohloka kwemizwa, imivimbo kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwama-sweeteners okwenziwa

Abanye abantu abakwazi ukudla ushukela ojwayelekile kwabanye. Incazelo ejwayelekile yalokhu yisifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-sweeteners wemvelo nawokwenziwa. Umehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali okwenziwa nokwenziwa kwemvelo ngama-kilojoule ahlukene nemiphumela emzimbeni.

Izinto zokwenziwa (i-aspart ne-sucropase) zinobunzima obuthile: ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kubangela i-migraines futhi kukhuphula amathuba okuba neziqubu ezinobungozi. Ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa kwama-sweeteners okwenziwe kuphela okuqukethwe kokukhalori okuphansi.

Phakathi kwama-sweeteners wemvelo, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol ne-fructose yizona ezithandwa kakhulu. Zikhona-ke amakhalori aphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kubangela ukukhulupha ngokweqile.

Esikhundleni esisebenzayo kunazo zonke i-stevia. Izici zalo eziwusizo zihambisana nokwanda kokuvikelwa komzimba, ukuma kwengcindezi yegazi, ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba nokuqedwa kwe-candidiasis.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-sweeteners kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwemiphumela engemihle elandelayo:

• isicanucanu, ukuqwasha, ukungezwani komzimba, ukulala kabi, ukudangala, i-arrhythmia, isiyezi (ukuphuza i-aspartame);
• ukungahambi kahle komzimba, kufaka phakathi i-dermatitis (ukusetshenziswa kwe-suklamat);
• ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasms enobungozi ne-malopantms (ukuthatha i-saccharin);
• umdlavuza wesinye (ukusetshenziswa kwe-xylitol ne-sorbitol);
• ukwephulwa kwebhalansi ye-acid-base (ukusetshenziswa kwe-fructose).

Ngenxa yobungozi bokuthuthukisa ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene, ama-sweeteners asetshenziswa ngamanani alinganiselwe. Uma i-sucrose ingeke idliwe, ungangeza uju kancane ekudleni - umkhiqizo ophephile futhi onempilo. Ukusetshenziswa uju okulinganiselwe kwezinyosi akuholeli ekugxumeni okubukhali ku-glycemia futhi kwandisa ukungatheleleki komzimba. Futhi, ijusi le-maple, eliqukethe kuphela i-5% sucrose, isetshenziswa njenge-sweetener.

Imininingwane nge-sucrose inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.