Ama-pancreas yisitho sokugaya ukudla esikhiqiza ama-enzymes ama-pancreatic nama-hormone, enza imisebenzi ye-exocrine ne-exocrine. I-topographic anatomy ye-pancreas idinga ukufundwa okukhethekile, ngoba inezici eziningi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokuhlukumezeka emsebenzini wesitho, zombili izinkinga zokugaya ukudla nokukhula. Izifo zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yama pancreas eshintshwa yizifo.
Isakhiwo samanyikwe
Amanyikwe asodongeni lwangemuva lwe-peritoneum ngemuva kwesisu, yingakho igama. Uma umuntu elele emhlane wakhe, isisu sitholakala ngaphezulu kwalesi sitho, lapho umuntu emi ngezinyawo zakhe, amanyikwe kanye nesisu sikulelo zinga linye. Umgogodla udlula engxenyeni engaphambili, i-axis ende iyaphambuka.
Amanyikwe ambozwe isembozo esakhiwe ngezicubu ezithintekayo. Izingcezu zesitho zihlukaniswe ama-partitions asendaweni egobolondwe yangaphandle. I-gland yakhiwa kusuka kumigundatshani ye-excretory ducts, izicubu ezi-glandular ezikhiqiza i-pancreatic secretion. Ama-ducts amancane ahlangana ngokushelela e-Wirsung duct, avulela ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.
Ubude besitho buhlukahluka kusuka kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20, bufika kumasentimitha angama-4 ububanzi, futhi bunesisindo esingama-70-80 amagremu. Ama-pancreas angawesinye isisu sangaphezulu esiswini, ngoba ihlangana kakhulu nesibindi, isinye inyongo nezinye izitho.
Anatomically, isitho sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, okungukuthi:
- umzimba;
- inhloko;
- umsila.
Ikhanda lingena emzimbeni, nalo lidlulela emsileni, liqondana nondolondo. I-splenic artery kanye nemithambo isuka emsileni.
Emsileni we-pancreas yingxenye esemqoka yamangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone. Lapho inqubo ye-pathological ihlanganisa ngqo le ngxenye yesitho, umuntu uhlushwa yizimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili.
Ikhanda lama-pancreas ngokubukeka lifana nehhashi, elizungezwe yi-duodenum. Ezingeni le-vertebra yokuqala ye-lumbar, i-organ meridian iyadlula.
I-topography ye-pancreas ihlukaniswa ngamanani amaningi ama-nuances, isitho okukhulunywa ngaso sinobudlelwano obusondelene nesikhwama sokugxisha. Kumele kuvezwe ukuthi ukwakheka nosayizi we-omentum encane kuhlale kuncike kumingcele ye-anatomical yomuntu othize.
Isidumbu se-pancreas sisezingeni le-vertebra yokuqala, yesibili noma yesibili, ikhanda libonakala phakathi kwe-vertebrae yesine neyeshumi nambili. Umsila wesitho utholakala phezulu kancane, usukela ku-vertebra yeshumi ye-thorteic kuya ku-vertebra yesibili emuva.
Ngokuthuthuka kwenqubo yokuvuvukala, ehambisana nokudumba, usayizi wamanyikwe uyenyuka. Lapho kwenzeka i-atrophy ye-parenchyma, ukwehla komthambo kwenzeka, kubonakala kahle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.
Imithambo isondele ngaphandle kwesitho:
- izinso;
- isango;
- hlubi.
Ukusuka ngaphambili kwamanyikwe, izindonga zithinta isisu, i-splenic artery idlula phezu kwaso, nokugoba kwe-duodenum ngaphansi. Isikhwama sokufaka sihlukanisa isitho esiswini.
Umsila we-gland utholakala ngokushesha nezinqwaba zezitho zesisu esiswini: isisu, izinso, ubonda.I-topography yesibindi nama-pancreas afana kakhulu.
I-topography ye-dancts ye-pancreatic ifanelwe ukucatshangelwa ngokwehlukile, i-Virsung duct idlula kuyo, kanye ne-bile ne-santorinium duct, ivula kulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwe-duodenum.
Ama-ducts e-bile ahambisana nohlelo lwe-duodenum duct, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ama-pathologies wamanyikwe ahlala ehlanganiswa nezinye izilonda zesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Isibonelo, lapho umuntu ehlushwa isilonda esiswini kanye ne-cholecystitis, maduze uzotholakala enolunye uhlobo lwe-pancreatitis (i-acute noma engamahlalakhona).
Ikhanda lesitho lihlinzekwa ngegazi elivela emithanjeni ye-pancreatoduodenal, lonke igolo londliwa yi-splenic vein.
Imisebenzi
Ama-pancreas angabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi isitho esimangazayo, sitholakala esiswini sesisu, akhiqize ama-hormone nama-enzyme, okuyizinto zeqembu elihlukile, asiza ukugaya ukudla okungenayo.
Ijusi le-pancreatic eligcinwe ngumzimba liwuketshezi olucacile. Emahoreni angama-24, kuphuma amalitha ama-2 wezinto, aqukethe amanzi angama-99%, izakhi zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene, i-lipase, i-amylase, i-chymotrypsin, i-trypsin ne-bicarbonate.
I-Lipase iyadingeka ukuze kwehlukaniswe ama-lipids angathathi hlangothi kuma-acid aqukethe i-glycerin, kuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamavithamini, ngokushesha uwaguqula abe amandla. Umuthi we-amylase wephula isitashi kuma-polysaccharides futhi usize ama-carbohydrate ukuthi amunwe.
I-Chymotrypsin ne-trypsin zenzelwe ukudiliza amaprotheni nama-peptides, futhi ngaphandle kwe-calcline, ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile nokwehla komfutho wegazi akunakwenzeka.
Ekushodweni okukhulu kwama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla, umuntu uba nezimpawu eziningi ezingemnandi ezithinta kabi isimo sempilo. Izimpawu zomtholampilo owodwa noma eziningi ziyaqapheleka:
- ukuqhakaza kuhambisane nobuhlungu;
- usizi nokungakhululeki ngemuva kokudla;
- ukuphefumula kwenhliziyo, ngokuvamile emva kwesidlo sasekuseni;
- ukugaya okungamahlalakhona kuyacasuka.
Ngokuntuleka kwezinto, isiguli sikhathala ngokushesha, asinandaba, singangena esimweni sokudangala
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-pancreas futhi akwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hormone, phakathi kwawo okubaluleke kakhulu i-insulin neglucagon. Amaseli we-Beta weziqhingi zaseLangerhans anecala lokucasha kwe-insulin, futhi amaseli e-alpha anecala lokukhiqiza i-glucagon.
I-insulin ye-hormone isiza ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-protein metabolism, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate emzimbeni, into isebenzisa ushukela egazini, yehlise i-lipemia. I-glucagon iyadingeka ekunqandeni ukonakala kwamafutha kwesibindi, ukuvimbela umsebenzi weglucose.
Umuntu ngamunye uphoqelekile ukuthi ayinake impilo yakhe, lokhu kuzomvumela ukuthi ajabulele impilo aze aguge kakhulu, angazi ukuthi siyini isibhedlela, nokuthi kusijabulisa kanjani ukuthi abe yisimenywa esivamile salesi sikhungo.
Ucwaningo lwensimbi
Uma ubamba ukuphefumula kwakho, ama-pancreas abonakala kahle ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, okokuqala kufanele wenze i-transverse, bese-scan longitudinal. Imvelo, uma ikhanda litholakala ngaphansi kwe-lobe kwesokudla kwesibindi, nomsila nomzimba ngaphansi kwe-lobe yesobunxele nesisu.
Lapho utadisha i-topography, kungabonakala ukuthi indlala iqondiswa kuqala ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesobunxele, ukusuka ezansi kuya phezulu, bese kubuyela emuva ngokuqinile emngceleni womsila nomzimba. Ikhanda le-pancreas lisesandleni sokudla somgogodla, intamo ingaphezulu kwaso, kanti umzimba nomsila ngakwesobunxele. Ukuskena okudlula, ikhanda linomumo oyindilinga noma o-oval, umzimba nomsila kuchazwa njengokumnyama komumo wesilinda.
I-pancreatic duct ibonakala ngokunqobeka kuphela, ubukhulu abudluli imilimitha eyi-1. Ukusungula ukwakheka nosayizi wesitho kubalulekile ekuhloleni izifo ezahlukahlukene, ngokuyinhloko amathumba, ama-cysts, ne-pancreatitis engamahlalakhona.
Indlela ebalulekile yokufunda yokuxilonga i-compact tomography, esiza:
- bona isimo samanyikwe;
- hlola izinguquko ezisebenzayo ze-morpho;
- ukwenza ukuxilongwa.
Izimpawu ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola usayizi wesitho kanye nesilinganiso sazo nezinye izitho zangaphakathi kungukuphawulwa kwesisekelo semithambo yodonga, umthambo ophakeme we-mesenteric.
Isimo samanyikwe sisemncane asinamuntu, kubantu asebekhulile, isitho sincishisiwe ngosayizi, isakhiwo esihlukile sokukhanywa. Ukubona kahle indlala kuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwemisipha emzimbeni, kumkhawulele.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi kwenziwa ngamagatsha amaningana, igazi lingena emthanjeni we-portal, i-lymph igelezela emaphashini, i-gastro-splenic lymph node. Ukubekwa kwesitho kuyinkimbinkimbi, kungenziwa emithonjeni eminingana: ama-hepatic, isisu, ophakeme we-mesenteric kanye ne-splenic nerve plexuses, amagatsha we-vagus nerve. Kuzo, iziqu zemithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi ingena kwi-parenchyma, yakha ama-plexuse awazungezile.
Ungazixilonga kanjani izifo ze-pancreatic ezichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
