Ama-pancreatic islets ama-Langerhans noma ama-iscan pancreatic amaseli we-polyhormonal endocrine anesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-hormone. Ubungako bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-0,1 kuye ku-0,2 mm, inani eliphelele kubantu abadala lisuka kwizinkulungwane ezingama-200 liya ezigidini ezimbili.
Amaqembu amaningi atholakala kuma-cell group atholakala ngusosayensi waseJalimane uPaul Langerhans maphakathi nekhulu le-19 - aqanjwa ngegama lakhe ukumhlonipha. Kungakapheli amahora angama-24, izikebhe ze-pancreatic zikhiqiza cishe ama-milligrams amabili we-insulin.
Amaseli amaningi atholakala endaweni yomsila wamanyikwe. Isisindo sazo asidluli i-3% yenani eliphelele lesitho sokugaya ukudla. Ngobudala, isisindo samaseli anomsebenzi we-endocrine sincipha kakhulu. Lapho sebefika eminyakeni engama-50, ama-1-2% asala.
Cabanga ukuthi imishini yokusetshenziswa kwama-pancreas yenzelwe ini, futhi inamaluphi amaseli?
Yiziphi amaseli?
Ama-ispanc we-pancreatic akayona inqwaba yezakhiwo ezifanayo zamaselula, afaka amaseli ahlukile ekusebenzeni naku-morphology. Ama-pancreas e-endocrine aqukethe amaseli we-beta, amandla adonswa kuwo wonke acishe abe ngu-80%, aqukethe amesha ne-insulin.
Amaseli we-pancreatic alpha akhiqiza i-glucagon. Lokhu kusebenza njenge-antulin antagonist, kunomthelela ekwandeni kwe-glucose ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Bahlala cishe ama-20% maqondana nesisindo sonke.
I-Glucagon inokusebenza okubanzi. Kuyathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose esibindini, kuvuselela ukuwohloka kwezicubu ze-adipose, kwehlise ukuqina kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni.
Futhi, le nto ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha kwamaseli wesibindi, isize i-insulin ukuphuma emzimbeni, futhi ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi ezinso. I-insulin neglucagon inemisebenzi ehlukene, futhi ehlukile. Ezinye izinto ezinjenge-adrenaline, i-hormone yokukhula, i-cortisol zisiza ukulawula lesi simo.
Amaseli we-Pancreatic Langerhans akhiwa ngamaqoqo alandelayo:
- Ukuqongelelwa kwe- "delta" kuhlinzeka ukucasha kwe-somatostatin, okungavimbela ukwenziwa kwezinye izinto. Kwisisindo esiphelele sale nto yama-hormonal cishe i-3-10%;
- Amaseli we-PP ayakwazi ukukhipha isifuba se-pancreatic peptide, ethuthukisa ukucasha kwesisu futhi icindezele umsebenzi omningi wesitho sokugaya ukudla;
- Iqoqo le-Epsilon lihlanganisa into ekhethekile ebhekele umuzwa wendlala.
I-Langerhans Islands iyinhlangano yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi esebenza ngokusezingeni eliphezulu enobukhulu obuthile, ukwakheka, nokusatshalaliswa okunesici kwengxenye ye-endocrine.
Yindlela yokwakha amaselula ethinta ukuxhumana kwe-interellular kanye nommiselo we-paracrine, osiza ukuthi i-insulin ikhishwe.
Isakhiwo nokusebenza kwama-isanc we-pancreatic
Amanyikwe siyisitho esilula ngokulandelana kwesakhiwo, kepha ukusebenza kwawo kukhulu kakhulu. Isitho sangaphakathi sikhiqiza i-hormone i-insulin, elawula ushukela wegazi. Uma ukungalingani kwayo okuphelele noma okungaphelele kubonwa, khona-ke i-pathology iyatholakala - thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1.
Njengoba ama-pancreas eyingxenye yesistimu yokugaya ukudla, kuthatha ingxenye enkulu ekwenziweni kwama-enzyme e-pancreatic anikela ekuwohlokeni kwama-carbohydrate, amafutha kanye namaprotheni avela ekudleni. Kwephula lo msebenzi, i-pancreatitis iyatholakala.
Ukusebenza okuyinhloko kwama-isanc we-pancreatic ukulondolozela ukuqoqwa okudingekayo kwama-carbohydrate nokulawula ezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ukuqongelelwa kwamangqamuzana kuhlinzekwa ngegazi ngokuphelele, kuthathwa ngaphakathi kwemizwa enozwela neyobufazi.
Ukwakheka kweziqhingi kuyinkimbinkimbi impela. Singasho ukuthi ukunqwabelana ngakunye kwamaseli kuyindlela ephelele esebenza ngayo. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ukushintshaniswa phakathi kwezakhi ze-parenchyma nezinye izindlala kuyaqinisekiswa.
Amaseli we-islets ahlelwe ngendlela ye-mosaic, okungukuthi, ngokungahleliwe. I-islet evuthiwe ibonakaliswa yinhlangano efanelekile. Inama-lobules, azungezwe izicubu ezithintekayo, imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu idlula ngaphakathi. Amaseli weBeta asenkabeni ye-lobules, amanye atholakala emaphethelweni. Ubungako beziqhingi buya ngokuya ngosayizi bamaqoqo wokugcina.
Lapho izingxenye zeziqhingi ziqala ukuhlangana nomunye, lokhu kubonakala kwamanye amaseli atholakala endaweni eseduze. Lokhu kungachazwa ngama-nuances alandelayo:
- I-insulin ikhuthaza umsebenzi oyimfihlo wamaseli we-beta, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ovimbela ukusebenza kwamaqoqo we-alpha.
- Futhi, amaseli we-alpha "ithoni" glucagon, futhi isebenza kumaseli we-delta.
- ISomatostatin ngokufanayo inqanda ukusebenza kwamaseli we-beta ne-alpha.
Uma ngokwesimo se-keteni kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle okuhambisana nokuphazamiseka komzimba, khona-ke amaseli we-beta ahlaselwa ukungaziphathi kwawo.
Baqala ukuwa, okuvusa isifo esingathi sína futhi esiyingozi - isifo sikashukela.
Ukufakelwa kwamaseli
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela yisifo esingalapheki futhi esingalapheki. I-Endocrinology ayikaze iqhamuke nendlela yokwelapha umuntu unomphela. Ngosizo lwemithi nangendlela yokuphila enempilo, ungafinyelela isinxephezelo esiqhubekayo ngalesi sifo, kodwa akukho okunye.
Amaseli weBeta awanawo amandla wokulungisa. Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni wanamuhla, kunezindlela ezithile zokubasiza "ukubuyisela" - esikhundleni. Kanye nokufakelwa kwamanyikwe noma ukusungulwa kwesitho sangaphakathi sokufakelwa, amaseli we-pancreatic atshalwa.
Leli yithuba kuphela labanesifo sikashukela sokubuyisela ukwakheka kweziqhingi ezonakalisiwe. Kwenziwe ucwaningo oluningi lwesayensi ngenkathi ama-beta-cell avela kumnikeli atshalwa ukuze athayiphe abe-diabetes.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisile ukuthi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kusiza ukubuyisa ukugcwala kwama-carbohydrate emzimbeni womuntu. Ngamanye amagama, kukhona isixazululo senkinga, okuyinto enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppression impilo yonke kungokususa - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukwenqatshwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zabaxhasi.
Njengokunye okuthola umthombo onikelayo, amaseli we-stem angasetshenziswa. Le nketho ifanelekile impela, ngoba iziqholo zabanikeli be-pancreatic zinabalelo oluthile.
Umuthi wokubuyisela uyakhula ngezinyathelo ezisheshayo, kepha awudingi ukuthi ufunde kuphela ukuthi ungazitshintsha kanjani amaseli, kodwa futhi uvikele ukubhujiswa kwazo okulandelayo, okwenzeka kunoma yikuphi emzimbeni we-diabetes.
Kunombono oqondile wokudluliselwa kwemithi yamanyikwe kusuka engulube. Ngaphambi kokutholwa kwe-insulin, okokukhishwa okuvela egazini lesilwane bekusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela. Njengoba wazi, umehluko phakathi kwe-insulin yomuntu ne-porcine ku-amino acid eyodwa.
Ukufundwa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwama-isanc pancreatic kubonakaliswa amathemba amahle, ngoba lesi sifo "esimnandi" sivela ekunqotshweni kwesakhiwo saso.
Amanyikwe achazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
