I-pancreatitis inqubo yokuvuvukala. Ivela kumanyikwe. Lesi sifo singakhula izinyanga eziyi-6-7 noma ngaphezulu. Lesi sifo singaphikelela ngisho nakulezo zimo lapho izimbangela ezibangele ukubonakala kwazo ziqediwe.
Imbangela yalesi sifo ukuthikamezwa kokuphuma kwendlela yokugaya uju okwakha isimila, ukwakheka kwe-cystic noma amatshe avela gallbladder.
Njengomphumela wokuvimba i-duct, ukuphuma kwe-secretion ye-pancreatic equkethe ama-enzyme wokugaya esiswini esincane kumisiwe.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ama-enzymes aqongelelwayo aqala ukuba nomthelela ongemuhle kuzakhi zamaselula zesitho. Ukuzigaya kwe-pancreas kwenzeka. Lokhu kwephulwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-pancreatosis.
I-pancreatosis ebantwini iholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu okugcwele ngenxa yokuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kwale nqubo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izakhi zensiza yokugaya ekhiqizwa yi-iron digest hhayi kuphela izicubu zesitho, kodwa nemithambo yegazi eseduze. Ukuthuthuka okunjalo kwalesi sifo kungadala imiphumela ebulalayo.
Ingabe zibulawa yi-pancreatitis? Ukufa kwabantu kusuka manje kukhule kakhulu. Izibalo zithi? ukuthi cishe ama-40% awo wonke amacala okuthuthukiswa kokuphela kwezifo ezibangelwa iziguli ezibulalayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa kuyafana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abagulayo. Imvamisa, ukufa kwenzeka ngeviki lokuqala lesi sifo sikhulu ngokwengeziwe. Ikakhulu kwandisa amathuba okufa uma isiguli sihlakulela indlela yokuxubana noma yokuqina kwe-pancreatitis.
Lezi zinhlobo zalesi sifo zihambisana nokuvela kwezinguquko eziphelele ze-pathological ezicutshini zamanyikwe. Ngakho-ke, ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokukhula kokugula, kufanele ufune usizo lodokotela, lokhu kuzogwema ingozi yokubulala abantu.
Izinhlobo eziphambili zesifo ngokuya ngezigaba zesimanje
I-pancreatitis iqondwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi yonke yokuphazamiseka kwe-pathological ehlukile phakathi kwabo, ehambisana nomsebenzi wokusebenza kwama-pancreas.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo zihlukaniswe izifo ezihlukile, kuya ngohlobo lomonakalo wesitho, ngokuya ngenkambo yesifo, futhi futhi ngokuya esigabeni sokuqhubeka kwesifo.
Ukunquma uhlobo lokugula kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwe-pathology.
Uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ngokulandela isifundo lubandakanya lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-pathology:
- Ubukhali.
- Ukubuyela esimeni esibi.
- Okungapheli
- Ukhuphula ifomu elingamahlalakhona.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilonda, amafomu alandelayo ahlukaniswa:
- ukuvuvukala;
- okubhubhisayo, okuyi-pancreatonecrosis;
- ukugxila okuncane;
- ukugxila okuphakathi;
- okugxilwe kakhulu
- isamba-senani eliphelele, okuwukuhlulwa kanyekanye kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wendlala;
Ngokuya ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zalesi sifo ziyahlukaniswa:
- I-Enzymatic - kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-5.
- Ukusebenza kabusha, kuqala kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-6 futhi kuhlale kuze kube ngu-14.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwamacala - kuqala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15.
Isigaba sokugcina sokwanda kwesifo yisona esokuqala, siqala izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kwengqondo.
Izimpawu eziphambili ze-pancreatitis
I-pancreatitis eyingozi futhi engalapheki ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwayo iba nezimpawu ezifanayo.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zalesi sifo ukuthi ngokuhlukahluka okungamahlalakhona, ukubonakala kwezimpawu zokuziphatha akwenzeki ngokunamandla, kepha izimpawu ezibonakala zihlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula ku-acute.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala se-pathology Ubuhlungu.
Ngaphezu kobuhlungu kumuntu, kukhona:
- ukuhlanza
- umuzwa wokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo;
- gxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi;
Ukuqhubeka kwesifo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlungu ezivele endaweni yamaphaphu, kancane kancane zisakazekela esiswini nasesigaxeni esiphansi.
Imvamisa, i-pancreatitis ihambisana nokuvela kobuhlungu be-paroxysmal, okuyisimo sefomu elinamandla lesifo.
Uma kwenzeka i-pancreatitis enkulu, Ubuhlungu bungavusa ukushaqeka kobuhlungu esigulini. Lesi simo somuntu singadala imiphumela ebulalayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, isiguli sinezinye izimpawu zokwephulwa.
Lezi zibonakaliso yilezi:
- I-Cyanosis.
- Ukuqina kwesikhumba.
- Ukuqondisisa kwesikhumba.
Kuleso simo, uma lesi sifo sihambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-purulent foci, isiguli sinokukhuphuka okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa.
Kwezinye izimo, lapho ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-pancreatic kwenzeka, izinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu lingancipha. Umuntu kufanele anake ngokukhethekile lesi simo somzimba.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-pancreatitis
Lapho wenza ukuxilongwa, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukukhomba i-pathology.
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, kutholakala ukwanda kwe-ESR, inani lama-leukocytes egazini liyanda, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izimpawu zokuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni wesiguli ziyabonakala. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kweglucose kuyenziwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kukuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lomsebenzi we-amylase, trypsin namanye ama-enzyme akhiqizwa ama-pancreas.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezindimbane kwenza sikwazi ukubona ukubakhona kwezinsalela ezingaphanjwanga kanye nokusakazwa kwamafutha kuzo, okubonisa ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokugaya.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasound yezitho zesisu kuveza ukuba khona kwe-pathologies gland kanye noshintsho esakhiweni nasosayizi wayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, udokotela obonayo unquma izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo:
- i-radiography yesisu sesisu;
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Ukuzikhethela kwendlela yokwelapha kwenziwa ngudokotela ohambelayo ngemuva kokuhlola umzimba ngokugcwele nokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Izici eziphambili zefomu elibi le-pathology
Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwalesi sifo yi-acute.
Ngefomu elibuhlungu, ukuvela kobuhlungu bendawo endaweni ye-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele kuyisici. Ubuhlungu obunjalo benzeka esimweni somonakalo ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-gland.
Esimweni sokusakazeka kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kuyo yonke izicubu ze-glandular, kukhona ibhande lobuhlungu obukhali elingadala ukushaqeka kobuhlungu kumuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-pathology luboniswa ngu:
- ukubonakala komile emgodini womlomo;
- ama-hiccups;
- ukuphefumula kwenhliziyo;
- ukunxenxa njalo ukuhlanza;
Uma izinyathelo ezanele zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, lesi sifo siqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi isimo sesiguli siwohloka kakhulu.
Lapho isiguli sikhula, uba nokwanda kokushaya kwenhliziyo nokwanda kokushisa komzimba. Ukushisa komzimba kukhuphuka ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kwizicubu zamanyikwe.
Ekuhlolweni kwesiguli kwangaphandle, isiguli siqhakaze, ngaphezu kwalokhu, zonke izimpawu ze-intestinal paresis ziyatholakala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukubonakala kokushoda komoya kanye nokufakelwa isikhumba kuyaphawulwa. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo ngolimi lwesiguli, kuvela uhlaka oluningi.
I-pancreatitis eyingozi iholela ekwakhekeni kwe-necrotic foci kwezicubu ze-gland. Yini engavusa ukuvela kwezinyembezi ezikhulisa isimo esivele sinzima sesiguli. Ukuvimbela umphumela obulalayo, umuntu angathatha kuphela izinyathelo ezanele ngesikhathi esifanele okuhloswe ngaso ukuqinisa isimo somuntu futhi aqede izimbangela ezidale ukuqala kwe-pathology.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology ngenxa yokulimala kwe-gland
Ngenxa yokulimala, isitho singathola ukuklebhuka noma ukuqhuma, kulesi simo kuphela i-cyst eyakhiwe ingaqhuma, ebilokhu itholakala kwizicubu zesitho isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokulimala, ama-enzyme akhiqizwa indlala aqala ukubhubhisa izicubu zesitho se-sago. Uma kwenzeka kulimala okunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa ukuqhuma kwezicubu.
Ukuthungwa kwendlala eyonakalisiwe kungukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Indawo yendlala iyayivikela ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile emiphumeleni ebuhlungu yangaphandle.
Umzimba uvikelwe yimisipha yesisu, izitho zesisu. Umgogodla, imisipha yangemuva nezakhiwo zemisipha ye-lumbar.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthola ukulimala okuvulekile ukungena kwamanxeba ngezinto zokubhoboza okubukhali, kanye nangomphumela wezilonda zokuqhuma kwezibhamu. Lapho kutholakala isilonda, ama-vein thrombosis amafomu azungeze isitho, nezicubu ze-gland ziyaqhuma, kanye ne-thrombosis ekhula ngokushesha iholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-necrosis.
Uma ikhanda nomzimba kulimele, umsila awubi ngaphansi kwe-necrosis, ngoba le ngxenye yesitho inegazi elizimele.
Ngokulimala kwe-gland, ukuwohloka okubukhali esimweni sempilo, imbangela yalokhu kukonakala ukuthuthukiswa kwepancreatitis emelana nemvelaphi yokulimala.
Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma okuphelele kwesitho, ukucwilisa umgodi ophambili akunakwenzeka.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ubulawa yi-pancreatitis?
Ukuze uqonde, umuntu angafa lapho kutholakala ukuthi i-pancreatosis emzimbeni, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi ifomu elibi lihluke kanjani ezinhlobonhlobo ezingamahlalakhona.
Uhlobo obukhulu besifo lukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngesikhathi lesi sifo siqhubeka, ama-enzymes awo wokugaya aqala ukusithinta kabi isitho. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, khona-ke ukufa okuvela kumanyikwe kungenzeka.
Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelashwa, kuyenqatshelwa ukuzindla kuleli cala.
Inkambo yesifo esibi ihambisana nokuvela kwezinguquko ezicutshini zomzimba, ezingaphenduki futhi kuholele ekufeni.
Izinhlobo ezingapheli zesifo ziyahlukahluka kwifomu elibukhali enkambweni ebushelelezi, ukuthuthuka esikhathini eside eside. Ehlelweni lokuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology, ushintsho ngezikhathi ezithile ezidingweni nasekuxashisweni kwenzeka phakathi nesifo.
Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology lutholakala kalula kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.
Imbangela ejwayelekile ye-pancreatitis engapheli yisimo sengqondo sokunganaki empilweni yabantu. Kaningi, lapho isimo somzimba sithuthuka, isiguli sibhala ukwenqaba futhi siphazamise inkambo yokwelashwa, siphinde siqale kabusha uma kwenzeka kwenzeka okunye ukwanda. Lesi simo akufanele sivunyelwe, ngoba i-pancreatitis evela kwifomu elibi iphenduka ibe yisikhathi esingamahlalakhona.
Izinhlobo ezingapheli zesifo zingadala ukubonakala kwalezi zinkinga ezilandelayo emzimbeni:
- isigaxa se-gland;
- i-pancreatic necrosis;
- ukwakheka kwe-cyst yamanga;
- i-pancreatogenic ascites;
- ubunzima bezinkinga zamaphaphu;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus.
Izinguquko ezihlelekile ezenzeka ezicutshini zeglandular zesitho aziholeli ekuphulweni kwe-exocrine kuphela, kepha futhi nasemsebenzini we-endocrine gland. Ukushoda kwe-insulin kuvela emzimbeni, okuvusa ukwanda kwezinga le-glucose egazini nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwesifo sikashukela.
Lezi zinkinga ekugcineni zingavusa imiphumela ebulalayo.
Izimbangela zokushona kweziguli eziphezulu
Bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa ngokufanayo babulawa yi-pancreatitis engamahlalakhona.
Esikhathini esiningi, ukuqala kokufa kubonwa evikini lokuqala lokukhula kwesimo esibi sesifo.
Esimweni esinjalo, odokotela baxilonga uhlobo lwe-hemorrhagic noma oluxubile lwalesi sifo. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology kuhambisana nezinguquko kumanyikwe, ezingavusa ukufa kwesiguli.
Umphumela obulalayo uvela kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Endabeni yezinguquko eziphelele ekwakhekeni kwezicubu namaseli esitho.
- Ngokwakhiwa kwe-exudate nokwakhiwa kwe-necrotic foci.
- Ngama-patroprocesses asebenzayo ku-foci.
Ezimweni ezingenhla, isikhathi sokufa silinganiselwa emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini eziningana.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli esimweni esinjalo singabalwa njengenyanga.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-enzyme e-pancreatic aqukethe ujusi we-pancreas, angatholi ndlela yokungena kwi-lumen ye-duodenum, ayenziwa izicubu zepancake futhi kugaye izicubu zesitho.
Ukuzigaya kuholela ekutholeni izicubu ze-necrosis. Ukufa okuvela kumanyikwe kungavela ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-pancreatic duct.
Umphumela odabukisayo ulindele isiguli futhi uma kwenzeka sishintsha isakhiwo seselula nezicubu zesitho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa kungamfica umuntu ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-pancreatic okungenzeka endaweni yokuphuza izicubu zayo.
Uma kwenzeka uphuzo oludakayo, umuntu omdala uhlakulela i-pancreatitis yotshwala. Le ndlela yalesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi iholela ekufeni. I-Alcohol ibhubhisa amaseli wezicubu ze-glandular zesitho, okucasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatic necrosis.
Isithombeni somtholampilo walesi sifo uvela ngokuzumayo ngokuvela kobuhlungu obukhulu bebhande endaweni yamaphaphu, okubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwezicubu.
I-prognosis yokuvela kwe-pancreatitis yotshwala ayimnandi. Endabeni yenkambo yesifo esibi, umphumela uncike ekujuleni kwesifo kanye nasezingeni lokulimala kwesitho.
Ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lokugula ukwenqaba ngokuphelele utshwala, ugwayi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezondlamzimba ezinhle. Lapho usebenzisa indlela yokwelashwa yokwelashwa, amathuba okulimala kwezicubu ze-gland kanye nokukhula kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kukhula kakhulu.
I-etiology kanye nezinkinga ze-pancreatitis zichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
