Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sihambisana nokuphulwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, kepha ikakhulukazi i-carbohydrate metabolism. Awukwazi ukuyelapha, kepha ngosizo lwezidakamizwa nokudla ungalawula okuqukethwe ushukela.
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ushukela wegazi uneminyaka engu-13, usongela ini? Odokotela baphendula ngendlela efanayo - ngezinkomba ezinjalo ziyakhula izinkinga. Ziyakwazi ukuqina, okukhona ukugxuma okubukhali phezulu noma phansi, noma okungamahlalakhona.
Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zitholakala lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela enoshukela ophakeme njalo. Imithambo yegazi yazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi, uhlelo lwezinzwa, izitho zombono, izinso nobuchopho kuyathinteka.
Ngokwezibalo, ngokulawulwa okufanele, imiphumela kulula ukuyivimbela. Kepha uma uvumela lesi sifo ukuba sikhukhuleke, kungakapheli iminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengama-60 izinkinga ezingalapheki zikhula.
Ushukela obulalayo
Ku-diabetes, ushukela weqa ngenxa yokungondleki kahle, ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba, lapho kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele, njll. Izici. Abanye banezinkomba zamayunithi angama-13- 17, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hyperglycemic coma.
Kuzo zonke iziguli, i-hyperglycemia iba namanani ahlukile eglucometer. Kwezinye, ukwanda ukuya kumayunithi ayi-1340 kungukuphamba, kanti abanye abaku-13 mmol / l bazizwa bebona ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesimo sabo.
Ngokusekelwa kulolu lwazi, singaphetha ngokuthi akukho sikhombo esisodwa esinganqunywa yipharamitha ebucayi. Kunokwehluka okuthile enkambweni yemitholampilo ye-hyperglycemia, kuya ngohlobo lwesifo.
Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ukuphuma komzimba kwenzeka ngokushesha, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ketoacidosis. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, iziguli ziyanamanzi kuphela. Kepha futhi kukhulu kakhulu, ukususwa kulo mbuso kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokuma.
Kulesi sifo esibi "esimnandi", kuvela ikomaacidotic coma. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi simo yilezi:
- Ukuvela kwe-glucose kumchamo (imvamisa akunamchamo).
- Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Ukuqongelela kwemizimba ye-ketone, njengoba umzimba uqala ukuthatha amandla ezinsukeni ezinamafutha.
- Ukomela, ubuthakathaka kanye nokushisa ngamandla.
- Umlomo owomile.
- Isikhumba esomile.
- Iphunga elithile le-acetone livela emlonyeni.
- Ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo.
Uma ushukela uqhubeka ukukhuphuka, lokhu kuholela ekhefini le-hyperosmolar. Inokuqukethwe koshukela okubucayi emzimbeni. Izinga layo lingaba amayunithi angama-50-55 nangaphezulu. Izici ezibalulekile:
- Ukuchama kaningi.
- Umile njalo.
- Ubuthakathaka, ukozela.
- Izici zobuso ezikhanyayo.
- Isikhumba esomile emlonyeni.
- Ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula kanzima.
Kulesi simo, isiguli sidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kokwelashwa esibhedlela, azikho izindlela zasekhaya ezingasiza ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo.
Umonakalo we-CNS kushukela
Uma ushukela ugcinwa njalo lapho usondele ku-13.7 noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke ukulimala kwezindawo zesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi nendawo. Ezokwelapha, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-diabetesic neuropathy.
I-Neuropathy ingesinye sezici ezidala ukuholela enkingeni enkulu kakhulu - unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, esivame ukuphela ngokunqunywa komlenze.
I-etiology ye-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukucacisa indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela yesifo sikashukela. Abanye bathi ushukela omningi emzimbeni uvusa ukuvuvukala kanye nomonakalo ezimpandeni zezinzwa, kanti abanye bathi i-pathogeneis kungenxa yokungondleki kahle kwemithambo yegazi.
Izimpawu zokwelashwa zibangelwa uhlobo lokuxakaniseka:
- Uhlobo lokuzwa luvusa ukungahambi kahle kokuthile, kunomuzwa wokuhamba ngezinyawo nokushiswa okungapheli, ikakhulukazi lo muzwa ubumbana emaphethelweni aphansi omuntu. Ngenxa yokuqubuka kwalesi sifo, isibonakaliso sidlulela emilenzeni ephezulu, esifubeni nasiswini. Njengoba ukuthambekela kokulimala kukhubazeka, isiguli kwesinye isikhathi asiqapheli ukulimala okuncane kwesikhumba, okuholela esikhathini eside sokwelashwa.
- Ukubukeka kwenhliziyo kuhambisana nokushaywa kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka komzimba. Leli fomu liholela eqinisweni lokuthi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomsebenzi womzimba.
- Ukubonakala kwesisu kubonakaliswa yiphazamiso ekuhambeni kokudla ngokusebenzisa i-esophagus, kukhona ukwehla noma ukushesha kwe-gastric motility, kanye nenqubo yokugaya ukudla kuya ngokuba kubi. Iziguli zikhononda ngokushintshana kokuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo.
- Ukubukeka kwe-urogenital kwenzeka lapho kuthinteka izinzwa ze-sacral plexus. Ama-ureters ne-bladder alahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo okuthile. Amadoda anezinkinga nge-erection ne-potency. Abesifazane bakhombisa ukoma ngokweqile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- Uhlobo lwesikhumba luthinta indlala yezithukuthuku, ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba some ngokweqile, sithambekele ekulimaleni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezinkingeni zesikhumba.
I-Neuropathy ingumphumela oyingozi ikakhulukazi wesifo sikashukela, ngoba, ngenxa yokwephulwa kokuqashelwa kwezimpawu zomzimba, isiguli siyayeka ukuzizwa sisimo se-hyperglycemic.
Imiphumela yokufika ushukela ophezulu
Imiphumela engapheli iba kancane kancane. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu e-pathologies - ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo semithambo yegazi kanye nomonakalo ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa.
I-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-microangiopathy ne-macroangiopathy. Esimweni sokuqala, kuyathinteka imithambo emincane kakhulu, ama-capillary, imithambo, lapho kuhamba khona umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba. Kunezifo - i-retinopathy (ukwephulwa kwemikhumbi ye-retina yeso) nephropathy (ukulimala kwinethiwekhi ye-renal).
I-Macroangiopathy iba nokwanda koshukela wegazi. Ama-plaque atherossteotic akha emikhunjini. Ngakho-ke, ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo kwenzeka, okuholela ku-angina pectoris kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukusebenza kwamaphethelo aphansi (ukukhula kwe-gangrene), ubuchopho (unhlangothi, i-encephalopathy) buyaphazamiseka.
I-Encephalopathy ihambisana nobuthakathaka obukhulu, ukukhubazeka komuntu kuyazibonakalisa, ukugcizelela ngokomzwelo kubonakaliswa, ukugxila kokunakwa kukhubazekile, ukukhanda okukhulu kwekhanda kukhona okungekhona ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.
I-Macroangiopathy yemilenze ihambisana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubunzima ekuseni.
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile kwemilenze.
- Ukukhathala kwemisipha yomlenze njalo.
Lapho-ke inqubo iqhubeka, izitho ziqala ukuqina kakhulu, umbala wesikhumba uyashintsha, ulahlekelwe umdumo wemvelo. Isiguli siqala ukuxhuga, kukhona imizwa ebuhlungu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Isifo sezinhlungu siyabonakala ekuphumuleni.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, khona-ke isigaba sokugcina siholela emiphumeleni - i-gangrene yonyawo, umlenze ophansi noma i-phalanx yeminwe. Ngokuhlukumeza okuncane kokusakazwa kwegazi emilenzeni, kuvela izilonda ezi-trophic.
I-retinopathy ivusa ukwephulwa kokubona okubukwayo. Imvamisa le nkinga iholela ekukhubazekeni ngenxa yokungaboni ngokuphelele. Lesi sifo singcono ukuthola kusenesikhathi ekuqaleni kwentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukuvakashela njalo i-ophthalmologist, bahlolwe iso lamehlo, bahlole nemikhumbi egcina imithambo.
I-Nephropathy iba no-70% wabanesifo sikashukela. Kubonakaliswa yisilonda esithile sezinso, esiholela ekugcineni ekwehlulekeni kwezinso. Ngokwezibalo, kule nkinga ezimweni eziningi, thayipha isifo sikashukela esisodwa.
I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ihamba ngezigaba ezintathu:
- I-Microalbuminuria Ukubonakaliswa okuphathelene nakho akukho, izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi zanda kancane.
- Amaproteinuria Ngomchamo, kukhishwa inani elikhulu lezinto ezinamaprotheni. Ukuvuvukala kuyakhula, ikakhulukazi ebusweni. I-Systolic ne-diastolic blood pressure iyanda.
- Uhlobo olungapheli lokwehluleka kwezinso. Ukudonsa okuthize komchamo ngosuku kuyancipha, isikhumba siphaphathekile futhi somile, kufakwa ingcindezi ephezulu. Kuneziqephu zokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo yakho nausea nokugabha, ukwehluleka.
Ukuvimbela okukhulu kwezinkinga zesifo "esimnandi" ukugcina ukugcwala okwamukelekile kweglucose kanye ne-glycated hemoglobin. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unikeze amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela, isiguli kufanele sinamathele ekudleni okune-carb ephansi, silawule isisindo somzimba, sishiya imikhuba emibi.
Isimo se-hyperglycemia sichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
