Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu ziyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvinjwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Uma isiguli singabekelwa ukwelashwa okwanele, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuya ku-hormone kuyancipha, inkambo yalesi sifo iya ngokuba mandundu.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, lapho umzimba uncike kwi-hormone, imijovo ejwayelekile ye-insulin, ebalulekile kubantu. Lapho ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kukhula, isiguli asincikile kwi-hormone; amanyikwe asifaka ngokwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuxilongwa, onesifo sikashukela kumele abe nokudla okuncane kwe-insulin naye lapho kufanelekile. Kuze kube manje, amadivaysi amaningi okujova umuthi asethuthukisiwe, isiguli sihlala sinokhetho. Ngakho-ke, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isirinji ekhethekile, amapeni wesirinji, amaphampu we-insulin. Ukuze ungalimazi, kufanele ufunde ukuthi ungazifaka kanjani imijovo yomuthi.
Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zesirinji:
- ngenaliti esikhiphekayo (bathatha umuthi ebhodleleni);
- ngenalithi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (yehlisa amathuba okulahleka kwe-insulin).
Zonke zenzelwe ukucabanga ngezifiso nezidingo zeziguli.
Amadivaysi enziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kusiza ukulawula inani lomuthi olimele, i-piston ikuvumela ukuba wenze umjovo kahle, ngaphandle kokubanga imizwa engathandeki nobuhlungu.
I-syringe yokujova i-insulin inesilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi intengo, inqubomgomo enkulu yokukhetha insiza yintengo yokuhlukanisa (isigaba sesikali). Ibonisa umehluko phakathi kwamanani asondele komunye nomunye. Intengo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-Spitz ye-insulin ikhombisa ubuncane bomuthi, ongafakwa ngokunemba okukhulu. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesirinji linephutha lehafu yenani lokwehlukaniswa.
Izinzuzo Zamapensela we-Insulin
Ipeni lokujova i-insulin laba negama ngokufana kwalo kwangaphandle nepeni lebhola elijwayelekile. Imishini enjalo kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba ngayo isiguli singenza ihlumela le-hormone futhi silisebenzise ngendlela efanele. Esikhathini sikashukela, asikho isidingo sokuxhumana njalo nomtholampilo wokulawulwa kwe-insulin.
Ipeni lesirinji le-insulin lihlukaniswa ngomshini oluzisa, iyunithi ngalinye laleyo nto lihlukaniswa ngokuchofoza, ukwethulwa kwe-hormone kwenziwa lapho kuthathwa inkinobho. Izinaliti zedivayisi zisenkimbinkimbi, ngokuzayo zingathengwa zodwa.
Ipeni le-insulin kulula ukulisebenzisa, kulula ukulithwala, ngoba lixubekile futhi alula.
Naphezu kobubanzi obukhulu besirinji emakethe, ngamunye wabo unemishini efanayo. Ikhithi ifaka:
- umkhono (i-cartridge, i-cartridge) ye-insulin;
- izindlu;
- izindlela ezizenzakalelayo zomsebenzi wepiston;
- inaliti ku-cap.
I-cap iyadingeka ukuze kuvalwe inaliti lapho ingasebenzi. Le divayisi inenkinobho yokujova kanye nomshini ozenzakalelayo wokusabalalisa i-insulin.
Kusetshenziswa isirinji sepeni kulula, ngoba lokhu udinga ukukususa kuleli cala, ususe cap, ufake inaliti, ngemuva kokukhipha cap eyodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho isirinji ene-insulin ixutshwe, kuthathwa umthamo odingekayo, inaliti idedelwa kumabhamuza omoya ngokucindezela inkinobho yomjovo.
Ngomjovo, isikhumba siyagoqwa, kufakwa inaliti (injekelele esiswini, emlenzeni noma engalweni kuvunyelwe), inkinobho ibanjwa imizuzwana eyi-10, bese idedelwa.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-insulin kahle, imigomo yokusebenzisa ipeni
Emzimbeni womuntu kunezindawo ezithile lapho ungafaka khona i-insulin, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka kulezi zindawo kuhlukile, kanye nezinga lokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa. Kusebenza kakhulu ukujova le nto kudonga lwangaphambili lwesibeletho, lapho i-insulin igxiliswa yi-90%, iqala ukusebenza izikhathi eziningi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Cishe i-70% yokuqunjelwa kwenzeka ngemuva komjovo ngaphambili kwethanga, ingxenye engaphandle yengalo, imvamisa ifakwe endaweni kusukela emahlombe iye emlenzeni. Ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-hormone endaweni ye-scapula kufinyelela kuma-30% kuphela. Ngokushesha, i-insulin izoqala ukusebenza uma uyifaka ibanga leminwe emibili kusuka enkabeni.
Umyalo utshela abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi ukujova njalo endaweni eyodwa kuyingozi; ukushintshana kwezindawo zokuphatha kukhonjisiwe. Ibanga phakathi kwemijovo akumele libe ngaphansi kwama-2 cm, ngaphambi kokujova akudingekile ukusula isikhumba ngotshwala, kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukugeza isikhumba ngensipho nangamanzi. Endaweni efanayo, umjovo uyaphindwa ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-14.
Imithetho yokulawulwa kwe-insulin yehlukile ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zeziguli, ngokwesibonelo, ngamasisindo ahlukile. Ngokuthe xaxa, i-angle yokufakwa kwenalithi engaphezulu kwesikhumba ihlukile. Kunconywa i-angle yomjovo eduze kwe-perpendicular kwiziguli:
- Kusobala ngokugqamile
- ungqimba olishiwo lwamafutha angaphansi.
Lapho isiguli sehlukaniswa ukwakheka komzimba we-asthenic, kungcono ukugwaza umuthi nge-engele eyingozi. Ngoqimba oluncane lwamafutha angaphansi, kunengozi yenaliti ingena ezicutshini zemisipha, lapho isenzo se-hormone ingahluka, futhi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa le-insulin lithonya isilinganiso sokuphathwa kwento. Uma isirinji le-insulin nokuqukethwe kwayo kungukushisa okuphansi, umuthi uzoqala ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuqunjelwa kwe-insulin kwezicubu kungenzeka, lokhu kwenzeka lapho imijovo ibekwa eduze komunye nomunye, izinga lokufaka nalo liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwepeni le-insulin kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemithetho. Kulesi simo, ukugcwala okuningana kwendawo yenkinga kuyasiza.
Gcina amapeni we-insulin agcwalisiwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwekamelo, kodwa hhayi isikhathi esedlule kunezinsuku ezingama-30 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala. I-insulin kumakhadibhokisi igcinwa eshalofini lesiqandisi, uma isisombululo sitholile ukugcwala kwamafu, kumele kuxutshwe kahle ukuze kufinyelelwe isimo sokuqala.
Okubi okubalulekile kwepeni nge-insulin
Kwabanesifo sikashukela, ama-syringes asezingeni eliphakeme wokusebenzisa i-insulin adalwe, kepha amadivayisi angaba nobunzima obukhulu. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ama-syringes angasebenza kabusha awakwazi ukulungiswa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umenzi wawo, izindleko zawo ziphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isiguli sisebenzisa izingcezu ezi-3 okungenani.
Abakhiqizi abaningi banikela ngamasirinji amapeni wokujova kwe-insulin, ongasetshenziswa kuphela ngemikhono yangempela, okuthi ngemuva kokunye ukushiyeka kube yinkinga enkulu yokusebenzisa. Kukhona ipeni lokujova i-insulin ngesandla esikhwameni esingabuyiseleki, lokhu kuzoxazulula inkinga ngokukhetha i-cartridge, kodwa kuzodala ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zenkambo yokwelashwa, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuphindaphinda inani lamapeni.
Isirinji le-insulin ene-dosing othomathikhi yesidakamizwa inezidingo ezibucayi maqondana nemingcele yokudla kokudla kwe-carbohydrate, uma ihlanganiswa ngevolumu yokuphikisana, iboniswa ishintsha inani lamayunithi, kusukela kusilinganiso samakhabhohayidrethi. Kwabashukela, lokhu kugcwele ukwenqatshwa kwengqondo kwemijovo engaboni.
Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha yokuthi ungasisebenzisa kanjani isisetshenziswa se-insulin, yidlanzana nje lazo elibaliwe:
- udinga ukuba nombono omuhle, ukusebenzisana;
- Kunzima ukukhetha umthamo ngaphandle kukadokotela.
Akusilo iqiniso ngokuphelele ukuthi isiguli siyadingeka ukuba sibe nombono obukhali, ngoba umthamo oqondile unganqunywa kalula ngokuchofoza kwesici, ngisho nomuntu onesifo sikashukela oyimpumputhe ngokuphelele angabhekana nokwelashwa kwe-insulin futhi afake inani eliqondile lomuthi.
Izinkinga ngokuzikhethela komthamo nazo ziyadukisa, ukulahleka kokunemba ngakunye ngokwezakhi ngokuvamile akubalulekile, noma kunjalo, kunezimo lapho ukunemba okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Yikuphi okungcono, isirinji noma ipeni le-insulin? Ungayikhetha kanjani?
Kunzima ukuphendula kahle ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, ipeni lesirinji elisebenzisekayo noma isirinji ejwayelekile, ngoba ukukhetha indlela yokusebenzisa i-hormone kuhlale kungumuntu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abanye abanesifo sikashukela odokotela abatusa ipeni ukuthola i-insulin, isirinji kanye nezinaliti ezijwayelekile ezingahambelani nawo. Lesi sigaba seziguli sifaka izingane ezisaba kakhulu imijovo, isifo sikashukela esingaboni kahle, iziguli ezinokuphila okusebenzayo futhi ezingekho ekhaya.
Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-insulin esibayeni kuyaqondakala, kodwa ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani imodeli yedivayisi efanelekile ukuze ungazibangeli usizi? Ngomjovo we-insulin, udinga ukukhetha ipensela enesilinganiso esikhulu nesicacile.
Akulimazi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinto ezenziwe lapho isipetu senziwe khona, izinaliti zokujova, azinakubangela ukungahambi kahle. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi unake ukucija kwenaliti, inaliti efanelekile nokufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingezinhle njenge-lipodystrophy, lapho:
- inani eligcwele endaweni yomjovo liyancipha;
- ukuqhuma, ukuvuvukala kuvela;
- inani lezicubu ezi-subcutaneous liyancishiswa.
Isibhamu sokuphatha i-insulin ngesinyathelo esincane sokwahlukanisa senza kube nokwenzeka ukukala inani elidingekayo le-insulin, imvamisa isinyathelo sokuthathwa kwesilinganiselo sithathwa isinyathelo esisodwa sedosi.
Inaliti emfushane ibhekwa njengenzuzo eyisibonelo; uma imfishane, mancane amathuba okuthi ungene ezingxenyeni zemisipha. Kwamanye amamodeli, kukhona isikhulisi esikhethekile; amadivayisi afanayo enzelwe abanesifo sikashukela abanokulimazeka okubonakalayo. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani isirinji ngopeni lolu hlobo, ngemuva kokuthi kudinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi siguqulwe noma sishintshwe ngesirinji ejwayelekile, udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi uzokutshela ekhemisi. Unga-oda futhi isirinji ku-Intanethi, kungcono ukuthenga ngokulethwa ekhaya.
Imininingwane yezinsimbi ze-insulin inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
