Imingcele ephezulu nangaphansi kashukela

I-glucose ingukusebenza okunamandla okwenziwa ngamaseli womzimba womuntu. Ngenxa glucose, ukusabela eziyinkimbinkimbi biochemical kwenzeka, kukhiqizwa kilojoule ezibalulekile. Le nto itholakala ngamanani amakhulu esibindini, ngaphandle kokudla okunganele, ushukela osesimweni se-glycogen ukhishwa ungene egazini.

Ezokwelapha ezisemthethweni akukho gama elithi "ushukela wegazi", lo mqondo usetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwe-colloquial. Kunoshukela omningi emvelweni, futhi umzimba wethu usebenzisa ushukela kuphela.

Izinga loshukela wegazi lungahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yomuntu, ukudla, isikhathi sosuku, izinga lokuzivocavoca umzimba nokuba khona kwezimo ezicindezelayo. Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lidlula kakhulu ibanga elijwayelekile, kuphakanyiswa isifo sikashukela.

Ukugxila kwe-glucose kulawulwa njalo, kungancipha noma kukhuphuke, lokhu kunqunywa yizidingo zomzimba. Unesibopho ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi yi-hormone insulin, ekhiqizwa iziqhingi zeLangerhans, kanye ne-adrenaline - i-hormone yezindlala ze-adrenal.

Lapho lezi zitho zilimele, inqubo elawulayo yehluleka, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwesifo kuqala, i-metabolism iyaphazamiseka.

Lapho ukuphazamiseka kuqhubeka, ama-pathologies angenakuphikiswa wezitho nezinhlelo avela.

Ushukela wegazi unqunywa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-glucose kwenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha, imvamisa izindlela ezintathu zokuthola ushukela ziyenziwa:

1. i-orthotoluidine;
2. i-glucose oxidase;
3. i-ferricyanide.

Lezi zindlela zahlanganiswa ngonyaka wama-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, zithembekile, ziyafundiseka, zilula ukuzisebenzisa, ziyafinyeleleka, ngokususelwa ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali nge-glucose ekhona egazini.

Ngesikhathi sokufunda, kukhiqizwa uketshezi olunemibala, oluthi, kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile, lihlolwe ukuthi lingakanani umbala, bese lidluliselwa kwisikhombi sokulinganisa.

Umphumela unikezwa ophikweni lwamazwe omhlaba olwamukelwe isilinganiso sezinto ezincibilikisiwe - mg nge-100 ml, millimili ngelitha ngalinye legazi. Ukuguqula i-mg / ml ibe ngu-mmol / L, inombolo yokuqala kumele iphindaphindwe ngo-0,0555. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ijwayelo likashukela wegazi ocwaningweni ngendlela ye-ferricyanide njalo liphakeme kancane kunezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya.

Ukuthola umphumela onembe kunayo yonke, kuzodingeka unikele ngegazi kusuka emunweni noma emvinini, lokhu kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho futhi kungakapheli amahora ayi-11 osuku. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, isiguli akufanele sidle noma yini amahora angu-8-14, ungaphuza kuphela amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi. Ngosuku olwandulela isampula legazi, kubalulekile ukuba ungadli ngokweqile, uyeke utshwala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunamathuba aphezulu okuthola idatha engalungile.

Lapho sihlaziya igazi le-venous, inqubo evumelekile iyanda ngamaphesenti ayi-12, izinkomba ezijwayelekile:

• igazi le-capillary - lisuka ku-4,3 laya ku-5.5 mmol / l;
• i-venous - isuka ku-3.5 iye ku-6.1 mmol / l.

Kukhona futhi umehluko phakathi kwamanani okuthola amasampula egazi lonke anamazinga kashukela we-plasma.

I-World Health Organisation iphakamisa ukuthi icabangele leyo mingcele kashukela wegazi ukuthola isifo sikashukela: lonke igazi (kusuka kuthambo, umunwe) - 5.6 mmol / l, plasma - 6.1 mmol / l. Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inkomba kashukela ezoba yinto ejwayelekile kumuntu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-60, kuyadingeka ukulungisa imiphumela ngo-0,056.

Ukuhlaziywa okuzimele koshukela wegazi, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele athenge idivaysi ekhethekile, i-glucometer, leyo ngemizuzwana enikeza umphumela onembile.

Imithetho

Amanani kashukela egazi anomkhawulo ophezulu futhi ophansi, angahluka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kepha akukho mehluko wobulili.

Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, okujwayelekile kusuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-5.6 mmol / l, eneminyaka engu-14 kuye ku-59, lesi sikhombisi singu-4.1-5.9 mmol / l, kumuntu oneminyaka engaphezulu kwengama-60, umkhawulo ophezulu wesimo ngu-4 , U-6, kanti ongaphansi ngu-6.4 mmol / L.

Iminyaka yengane idlala indima:

• kuze kube inyanga eyi-1 evamile ingu-2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
• kusuka enyangeni kuye eminyakeni eyi-14 - 3,3-5.6 mmol / l.

Isimo sikashukela segazi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singu-3.3 - 6.6 mmol / l, uma inkomba ephezulu kakhulu, sikhuluma ngohlobo lwashukela olungejwayelekile. Lesi simo sinikezela ngokulandelelwa okudingakalayo kukadokotela.

Ukuqonda ikhono lomzimba lokungenisa ushukela, udinga ukwazi ukuthi inani lawo liguquka kanjani ngemuva kokudla, phakathi nosuku.

Isikolo

Ngemuva kokuthola umphumela wokuhlaziywa, i-endocrinologist ilinganisa izinga kashukela wegazi njenge: evamile, ephezulu, ephansi.

Ukwanda koshukela okuyi-hyperglycemia. Lesi simo siyabonakala ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwempilo:

1. isifo sikashukela mellitus;
2. i-pathology yezitho zesistimu ye-endocrine;
3. isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona;
4. inqubo yokuvuvukala okungamahlalakhona neyingozi kakhulu kumanyikwe;
5. ama-neoplasms kuma-pancreas;
6. infarction myocardial;
7. isifo sohlangothi;
8. isifo sezinso esihlangene nokuhlungwa kokulimala;
9. i-cystic fibrosis.

Ukwanda kwezinga loshukela kungenzeka ezinqubweni ze-autoallergic ezihambisana nama-antibodies e-insulin ye-hormone.

Ushukela emngceleni wokujwayelekile futhi ngaphezulu kungaba ngenxa yokuxineka, ukuzikhandla okunamandla ngokomzimba, ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo. Izizathu kufanele futhi zifunwe ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, imikhuba emibi, ukuthatha ama-hormone e-steroid, ama-estrogens nezidakamizwa ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-caffeine.

Ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi noma i-hypoglycemia kungenzeka ngomdlavuza we-adrenal gland, isibindi, ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-endocrine, i-pancreatic pathologies, i-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis, kunciphise ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela ophansi kwenzeka lapho enoshevu ngezinto ezinobuthi, i-insulin ngokweqile, i-anabolics, i-amphetamine, ama-salicylates, ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba.

Uma umama enesifo sikashukela, ingane yakhe esanda kuzalwa nayo izoba ne-glucose eyehlile.

Izindlela zokuxilonga zokuqinisekiswa kwesifo sikashukela

Kungenzeka ukuthola isifo sikashukela ngisho nangezindlela zamuva, ngokumane unikele ngegazi ushukela. Uma uqala kusuka ezinconyweni ezenziwe lula, i-prediabetes ibhekwa njengezinkomba zoshukela kuluhlu lwe-5.6-6.0 mmol / L. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa uma umkhawulo ophansi usukela ku-6.1 nangaphezulu.

Ukuxilongwa okungabazeki ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zalesi sifo kanye nokwanda koshukela wegazi. Kulokhu, kungakhathaleki isidlo, ushukela uhlala emazingeni ayi-11 mmol / l, kuthi ekuseni - 7 mmol / l noma ngaphezulu.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlaziya ingabaza, azikho izimpawu ezisobala eziqaphelekayo, noma kunjalo, kunezici zobungozi, kuboniswa ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Ucwaningo olunjalo lwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-glucose, elinye igama lokuhlaziya ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela, ijika leshukela.

Le ndlela ilula impela, ayidingi izindleko zezimali, ayibangeli usizi oluningi. Okokuqala, banikela ngegazi kusuka emithanjeni esiswini esingenalutho, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthola inani lokuqala loshukela. Ngemuva kwalokho, amagremu angama-75 kashukela aqedwa engilazini yamanzi afudumele ahlanzekile futhi anikezwe isiguli ukuba siphuze (ingane ibalwa ngomthamo ongu-1.75 g ngekhilogremu yesisindo). Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, amahora ama-1 kanye nama-2, igazi liphinda lithathwe ukuze lihlolwe.

Kubalulekile phakathi kokuhlaziywa kokuqala nokugcina:

• yeka ngokuphelele ukubhema ugwayi, ukudla ukudla, amanzi;
• noma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba uvinjelwe.

Ukuqhathanisa ukuhlolwa kulula: izinkomba zeshukela kufanele zibe ezijwayelekile (noma zibe onqenqemeni lomngcele ongaphezulu) ngaphambi kokudla isiraphu. Lapho ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose kuthambile, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhashana kuzobonisa i-10.0 egazini le-venous kanye ne-11.1 mmol / L ku-capillary. Ngemuva kwamahora we-2, okuhlushwa kuhlala kungaphansi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuthi ushukela ophuzile awugwinyi, uhlala usegazini.

Uma izinga likashukela likhuphuka, izinso ziyeka ukubhekana nalo, ushukela ungena kumchamo. Lolu phawu lubizwa ngokuthi yi-glucosuria kushukela. IGlucosuria iyindlela eyengeziwe yokuthola isifo sikashukela.

Imininingwane ngamazinga kashukela egazini inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.