Izinga loshukela wegazi ligcinwa ngenxa yomsebenzi we-insulin ne-glucagon, elethwa yi-pancreas. Ithonywa ama-hormone ahlanganiswe i-adrenal gland, i-thyroid gland nohlelo lwezinzwa.
Ukusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwanoma yikuphi ukuxhumeka kulezi zidalwa kudala izifo ezibangelwa yi-metabolic, okuvame kakhulu kuso ukuthi isifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Ezinganeni, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka nezinkinga, isidingo sokuhambisana nokudla, isikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-insulin asibonwa yibo bonke, ikakhulukazi ebusheni.
Ukutholwa ngemuva kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okunganele kuholela ngokushesha ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, zonke izingane ezisengozini zidinga ukuqashelwa ushukela wegazi.
Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi - okujwayelekile nokukhubazeka
Izikhathi ezisukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kweyi-12 kanye ukusuka eminyakeni engama-4-6 zibhekisa eminyakeni lapho kubonwa khona isigameko sikashukela ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, noma ingane ingabukeki igula, kepha inesifiso sokuthola ifa, kuhlolwa igazi ngeglucose, ama-electrolyte kanye ne-urinalysis.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxilonga ukuphazamiseka ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane kufanele yenqabe ukudla amahora angama-8. Ungadli noma uxubha amazinyo akho ekuseni. Amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kuphela avunyelwe. Ngale ndlela, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-prediabetes kunganqunywa.
Udokotela wezingane noma we-endocrinologist angabeka nesilinganiso esingahleliwe seglucose yegazi. Ukuhlaziywa akuhlobene nokudla ukudla, okwenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle. Ngalesi silinganiso, ushukela ungaqinisekiswa kuphela.
Uma isimo soshukela wengane sitholakala, kepha kukhona ukungabaza ngokutholwa, khona-ke kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa komthwalo weglucose. Kuyena (ngemuva kokulinganisa ushukela wokuzila), ingane iphuza isixazululo sikashukela. Amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuthatha isisombululo, kwenziwa isilinganiso esilinganayo.
Lokhu kuhlola kufanelekile ezinganeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo noma ngezimpawu ezithambile, ezise-atypical, kanye nezinhlobo zosolwa 2 zesifo sikashukela noma izinhlobo ezikhethekile zesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola isifo sohlobo 2 noma ukuqinisekisa i-hyperglycemia.
Amanani kashukela wegazi alinganiselwa ngokuya ngeminyaka: kumntwana ononyaka owodwa - 2,75-4.4 mmol / l, futhi okujwayelekile koshukela wegazi ezinganeni zeminyaka engu-9 kububanzi obungu-3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Uma ushukela uphakanyisiwe, kepha kuze kube ngu-6.9 mmol / l, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukungahambi kahle kwe-glycemia. Zonke izinkomba, kusukela ku-7 mmol / l kufanele zibhekwe njengesifo sikashukela.
Izindlela zokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela zihlanganisa:
- Uma isilinganiso esingahleliwe siveza i-glycemia ilingana noma ingaphezulu kuka-11 mmol / L.
- I-Glycosylated hemoglobin ngaphezulu kuka-6.5% (ejwayelekile ngaphansi kuka-5.7%).
- Umphumela wokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ungaphezulu kuka-11 mmol / L (okujwayelekile kungaphansi kuka-7.7 mmol / L).
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuveze ukuthi izinkomba ziphezulu kunokwejwayelekile, kepha ziphansi kunokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela, khona-ke lezi zingane ziyaqashwa bese kutholakala ukuthi sinesifo sikashukela se-latent noma i-prediabetes. Izingane ezinjalo cishe ngokulingana kungenzeka zibuyele kokujwayelekile futhi zikhule sikashukela.
Inkambo yakamuva yesifo sikashukela ibonakala kuhlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo futhi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-metabolic syndrome, okuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza i-glucose metabolism, ibonakala ngezimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi kanye nokukhuluphala.
Ukushintshwa kokudlulela kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingakwazi ukunciphisa umzimba.
Ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, lezi zimo ezilandelayo ze-pathological ziholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi:
- Ukuxineka
- Umsebenzi womzimba ngosuku lokuhlaziywa.
- Ukudla ngaphambi kokufunda.
- Isifo esingapheli sesibindi noma sezinso
- Isifo se-yegilo.
- Ezinye izindlela ze-endocrine.
- Ukuphuza izidakamizwa ze-hormonal noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ze-anti -idalidal anti-inflammatory.
Amazinga kashukela ancishisiwe ezinganeni zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo zokuvuvukala esiswini, amanyikwe noma amathumbu. Kwenzeka ngokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-adrenal, i-pituitary gland, enezinqubo ze-hypothyroidism kanye ne-tumor.
I-Hypoglycemia ingadala ubuthi bamakhemikhali kanye nokulimala kobuchopho kobuhlungu emzimbeni, ama-pathologies okuthuthuka kokuzala.
Senzeka kanjani isifo sikashukela?
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kokuthathu kokutholwa kwezifo zikashukela ebuntwaneni. Ngokwahluka kwalesi sifo, amanyikwe awamisa ukukhishwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli we-beta akulo abhujiswa yi-autoimmune complexes.
Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nazo zitholakala kwezinye izifo ze-autoimmune: i-thyroiditis, isifo se-celiac, isifo samathambo. Lesi sifo sisho ukunqunywa ngofuzo. Ingozi yokugula nezihlobo ezisondelene ezinesifo sikashukela zisukela kumaphesenti ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30. Lesi sifo singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokusweleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Ngasikhathi sinye, ushukela awukwazi ukusetshenziswa yimisipha ngamandla. Ukuqhekeka kwamaprotheni namafutha kuqala ukwenza amolekyuli amasha eglucose ngesibindi. Ukuqhekeka kwamafutha kudala ukwakheka kwemizimba ye-ketone kanye ne-ketoacidosis esongela impilo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sijwayelekile kakhulu ezinganeni, kodwa inani lamacala okuthola kwalo liyakhula. Njengomthetho, izingane ziyagula ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphansi kwethonya lamahhala ocansi, ukumelana ngokomzimba kwentsha ne-insulin kuyaphawulwa.
Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, i-insulin yabantu iyenziwa, kwesinye isikhathi ibuye ibe ngokweqile, kepha ayikwazi ukuletha ushukela ngaphakathi kweseli ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukusebenzisana nama-insulin receptors. Izici eziyinhloko zokuvela kwayo ifa lokuzalwa kanye nokukhuluphala. Ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ezingama-60 kuye kuma-95% zinezihlobo ezigulayo.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, izingane ziba nezinkinga ezinjalo ze-metabolic:
- Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol, okuholela ekukhuleni kokuqala kwe-atherosulinosis.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial.
- I-Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Ukungeniswa kwesibindi okunamafutha.
- I-apnea eyingozi yokulala.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni sinezimpawu ezihambisana ne-hyperglycemia. Ukuchama okuvama ukuvela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ukungahambi kahle komchamo (ubusuku noma usuku). Kuyinto ejwayelekile ezinganeni ukuthi ama-diaper kufanele aguqulwe kaningi bese eba esindayo.
Izingane ziphuza amanzi amaningi, zidla ngokudla okuhle, kepha azitholi isisindo ngenxa yobudala. I-emaciation engazelelwe ingenzeka ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni kanye nokuqhekeka okwandayo kwamaprotheni kanye ne-lipids. Izinketho ze-Atypical yi-asymptomatic hyperglycemia ne-ketoacidotic coma.
Ingane enohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ivame ukukhononda ngobuthakathaka, ingabi namawala, ilahlekelwe intshisekelo emakilasini, izikhalazo ngokubona okufiphele, i-candidiasis yolwelwesi lwama-mucous, ukuvuvukala kwesifo sikashukela, isicanucanu kanye nekhanda.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala njengenkambo ye-asymptomatic, iyatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Kepha ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwesifo ngokwanda kwesifo se-hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar kanye nesifo se-ketoacidotic.
Isibonakaliso esijwayelekile sesifo sikashukela inkambo eqhubekayo yezifo zesikhumba ebonakala ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-seborrheic dermatitis.
- I-Neurodermatitis.
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo.
- I-Pyoderma.
- Umqubuko
- I-Furunculosis.
- I-dermopathy yesifo sikashukela ngesimo sezindawo ezibuthaka.
Ezinganeni zobudala besikole, ukuqina okuyisimilo kuvame kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia ngenxa yokuthi ingane ayidli ngesikhathi noma yeqa ukudla noma yeqa indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza komzimba. Izimo ezinjalo zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Babonakala ngesimo sokujuluka, ukuthuthumela kwemisipha, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ikhanda, ukungaboni kahle nokuzwa, ukwanda kwenhliziyo, nokuba nolaka. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukujwayeza kwengane esikhaleni kuyaphazamiseka, alahlekelwe ukwazi futhi angawela ekhefini. Ngakho-ke, izingane kufanele zibe namaswidi njalo nazo, izingcezu ezimbalwa zoshukela noma ujusi omnandi.
Yiziphi izinkomba zoshukela wegazi ezijwayelekile ezizotshela uchwepheshe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
