Isifo sikashukela mellitus sithola izimpawu zesifo esixakile esingathathelanayo ngenxa yokwanda kwaso.
Lokhu kusungulwa ngumsebenzi ophansi we-locomotor kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla okugcwalisiwe nge-carbohydrate ehlanjululwe, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nokuqongelela kokulimala kwezakhi zofuzo kubantu ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila, izindlela ezithuthukile zokwelapha lesi sifo.
Kukhona inzalo ekhulayo yezindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha isifo sikashukela, kepha njengoba kungewona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngembangela yangempela yalesi sifo esikhohlisayo, kunemibono eyiphutha - izinganekwane mayelana nesifo sikashukela, esekelwa iziguli eziningi.
Inganekwane No. 1. Isifo sikashukela sivela ngokudla ushukela.
Izinguqulo ezivame kakhulu zokuthi ungasithola kanjani isifo sikashukela zinganekwane mayelana noshukela, njengesici esiyisisekelo esikhulu. Eqinisweni, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka njengesifo esingahlobene ngqo nokuphazamiseka kokudla. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa amaswidi amaningi futhi abanakho ukuphazamiseka kokudla kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela, indima eyinhloko idlalwa yi-ifred factor factor, yomabili lohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uhlobo 1 sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka njengokuphendula kwe-autoimmune lapho kuvezwa amagciwane, izinto ezinobuthi, izimo ezicindezelayo. Kubantu abanezihlobo zabo eziseduze ezigula ezinesifo sikashukela, le miphumela iholela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin.
Ukushoda kwe-insulin kubonakalisa ngesimo sokwenyuka ushukela wegazi futhi, uma kungekho umjovo, iziguli ezinjalo zingaba yi-comatose ngenxa yokuqongelela kwemizimba ye-ketone, eyingozi ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluyi-central.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukusetshenziswa koshukela kuyingozi kuphela esimweni sokukhuluphala esikhona, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana nesenzo se-insulin, esikuthola njengefa. okungukuthi, ushukela uqobo awubangeli isifo sikashukela, kodwa ngokubhekelela kuso, ukungondleki kahle, kufaka phakathi i-carbohydrate elula (ushukela kanye noshukela).
Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 yilezi:
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwezakhi zofuzo, izinhlobo zomndeni zesifo sikashukela, ubuzwe (umjai wamaMongoloid, umncintiswano weNegroid, iSpanish).
- I-cholesterol ethe xaxa, amahhala wamafutha acid, i-leptin.
- Iminyaka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45.
- Isisindo sokuzala esiphansi.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Indlela yokuphila yokwehlisa ukuthula.
Inombolo yenombolo 2. Isifo sikashukela singalapheka
Umuthi wanamuhla ungalawula inkambo yesifo sikashukela ukuze isiguli singafani nabantu abaphilile ngokwemigomo yokusebenza nangendlela yokuphila. Futhi, ngesifo sikashukela, kunezikhathi lapho umzimba ungasinxephezela ushukela owandayo osikiwe ngenxa yokubekelwa phansi kwamanyikwe.
Lokhu kujwayele isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, lapho ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin, amanyikwe isikhathi esithile isekela ukugcotshwa kwaleli hormone ngenani elanele ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate. Ubiza inkathi enjalo ngokuthi "i-honeymoon". Kulokhu, i-insulin ayiphathwa ngokungeziwe noma umthamo wayo ulincane.
Kepha, ngeshwa, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-3-9, isidingo semijovo ye-insulin iyaqala kabusha. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kunganele ekuqaleni ukushintshela ekudleni okufanele futhi kwandise izinga lokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze kulondolozwe ushukela wegazi ezingeni eliseduze nokujwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekiswa yimiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu, khona-ke ngeke kususwe, ngisho nangaphandle kokuxolelwa kwalesi sifo. Ukukhanselwa kwendlela enqunyelwe kusheshe kuholele ekuqhubekeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sidinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuphoqelekile.
Izindlela eziphambili zokwelashwa zohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela:
- Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa: amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela, i-insulin.
- Ukudla kokudla
- Ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi
- Umsebenzi womzimba.
Izinganekwane mayelana nokwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela kusetshenziswa abanye abelaphi be-pseudo-abathembisa iziguli zabo lapho bethenga enye "yokwelapha isimangaliso" yokwenqaba i-insulin noma amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela.
Le mibono engalungile ayigcini nje ngokungenasisekelo, kodwa futhi iyingozi ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yokuncipha kwesifo.
Inombolo yenganekwane 3. Imikhiqizo yabanesifo sikashukela ingadliwa nganoma yisiphi isamba.
Izinganekwane mayelana nesifo sikashukela zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nombono wokuthi ama-sweeteners anezindawo ezikhethekile ezizuzisayo, ngakho-ke, uma ilebula libonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo awunalo ushukela, kodwa esikhundleni salokho uqukethe i-fructose, i-xylitol noma i-sorbitol, khona-ke ingadliwa ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Eqinisweni, imikhiqizo eminingi ehloselwe abanesifo sikashukela, ekhiqizwa amafektri we-confectionery, ayinakho okulimaza ukwedlula ushukela, i-maltodextrin, ufulawa we-premium, amafutha we-trans kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto zokugcina izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo enjalo ingaholela ekukhuleni okubukhali koshukela wegazi.
Ngokukhula kwesisindo somzimba, amaswidi weswekile kuholela ekuvinjelweni okufanayo kokunciphisa umzimba njengenjwayelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo akunconywa. Ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo sokudla okumnandi noma imikhiqizo kafulawa, kunconyelwa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zizenzele ngokwazo ngokufunda ngezimpahla zemikhiqizo.
Kuhlobo 1 sikashukela mellitus, kuyadingeka ukulawula okuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni, kucatshangelwa lo muthi we-insulin, okudingeka ukumuncwa kwawo. Kulokhu, ithemu 1 lesinkwa isetshenzisiwe Ilingana ne-10 g yama-carbohydrate angahlanzekile no-20 g wesinkwa. Ukuze usinxephezele ekuseni, udinga cishe ama-1.5 - 2 PIECES we-insulin, ntambama - 1.5, nakusihlwa esingu-1.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukukhipha, ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela esinesifo sohlobo 2:
- I-Flour ne-confectionery, ama-dessert, uju, ujamu.
- Iziphuzo ezimnandi ze-carbonated kanye namajusi wezezimboni.
- Ilayisi, pasta, semolina, umzala.
- Inyama enamafutha, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, i-offal.
- Ama-raisine, izinsuku, amagilebhisi, ubhanana, amakhiwane.
Kungcono ukufaka ushukela nge-stevia; kuyasiza ukwengeza i-fiber yokudla ngendlela ye-bran ezitsheni. Izithelo akufanele zibe mnandi, uma kungenzeka kufanele zidliwe zingaphekiwe nge-peel.
Imifino kunconywa ukuthi ifakwe kumasaladi anamakhambi namafutha zemifino.
Inombolo yenganekwane 4. Kuthi isifo sikashukela, imidlalo iyahambelana.
Imikhawulo emidlalweni yobungcweti ikhona ngenxa yesifo sikashukela esingakhokhiswanga, ngokuhlaselwa njalo kwe-hypoglycemia, kanye nenhliziyo ehambisanayo noma ukwehluleka kwezinso. Akunconyelwe noshukela wokuqina olulinganiselayo kanye nenkambo enkulu yokubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni.
Kubo bonke abanye abanesifo sikashukela, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusiza kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungaba nemikhawulo yesikhathi ezimweni ezimbili - izinga le-glycemia liphansi kune-5 futhi liphakeme kuno-14 mmol / l. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile, futhi ikakhulukazi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esinezisindo zomzimba ezikhulisiwe, kunconyelwa ukwandisa izinga losuku lokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukwenza umthambo wokuzivocavoca okwelashwa nsuku zonke imizuzu engama-30, uhambe ngaphezulu, usebenzise i-lifti encane futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, usebenzise izithuthi zomphakathi, ubambe iqhaza emidlalweni emnandi, vakashela imvelo kaningi futhi unciphise isikhathi esichithwa kwikhompyutha noma i-TV.
Izinzuzo zomsebenzi ngokomzimba kushukela:
- Yehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi kanye nethuba lokufakwa kwalo odongeni lwe-vascular.
- Khulisa ukumunca ushukela egazini.
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi nge-hypertension.
- Qinisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
- Kukhulisa i-Stamina.
- Banomphumela wokulwa nokucindezela.
- Yehlisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
Inganekwane No. 5. I-insulin iyingozi futhi ingumlutha.
Zonke izinganekwane ezinhlanu ngesifo sikashukela zivame ngokwanele, kepha ayikho neyodwa ebangela imibono eminingi yamanga njengokulimala kokulashwa kwe-insulin. Iningi leziguli libheka ukuqokwa kwe-insulin njengophawu lwenkinga yesifo sikashukela esibi, futhi uma uqala ukujova i-hormone, khona-ke akunakwenzeka “ukuyikhipha”. I-insulin ibanga imiphumela emibi eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Eqinisweni, ukwelashwa okunye esikhundleni sesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kunqunywe ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isifo sisibi kangakanani, ngoba ukungabikho kwe-insulin kuphazamisa ngokuphelele zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, noma ngabe kunamazinga aphansi kashukela wegazi. Lezi zinguquko ze-pathological azikwazi ukwenziwa zibe zenziwe ngokwejwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-insulin.
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-insulin ingabekelwa inkambo yesifo isikhathi eside, lapho ama-pancreas engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomzimba ngehomoni yakhe, kanye nokungezelelwa kwezifo ezinzima, ukukhulelwa, ukunqunyelwa kokuhlinzwa nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Imvamisa, ukwelashwa okunjalo kwe-insulin kungokwesikhashana.
I-insulin ingathinta isisindo somzimba, ifaka isandla ekunyukeni kwayo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma wephula izincomo zokudla kwama-caloric, kanye nokuhlukumeza ukudla kwe-carbohydrate noma okunamafutha. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukwanda kwesisindo, udinga ukubala ngokucophelela umthamo we-hormone futhi ungaphuli imithetho yokudla yeshukela.
Imiphumela emiphumela eyinhloko ye-insulin yile:
- Ukuphendula kwendawo ngesimo sokubomvu, ukulunywa nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba.
- Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Systemic: i-urticaria, i-edema kaQuincke, ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, i-bronchospasm.
- I-Hypoglycemia
Le nkinga yokugcina ibonakala kaningi, ngoba ukubonakaliswa komzimba okusebenzisa ama-insulin womuntu esikhundleni sezilwane kuye kwehla kakhulu.
I-Hypoglycemia ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-insulin kuhlotshaniswa namaphutha ekuphatheni umuthi, umthamo obaliwe ngokungalungile, ukuntuleka kokulawula ushukela wegazi ngaphambi kokujova, kanye nokweqa ukudla noma ukukhuphuka komzimba okwandisiwe, obekungabhekwa lapho uphatha i-insulin.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia kuphindaphindwa kaningi, khona-ke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 zelulekwa ukuba zingene ekukhetheni umthamo ngamunye emnyangweni we-endocrinology. Lapho kukhona ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, umuthi noma ukwenqatshwa okuthile kungahle kuchazwe ukuthi kudambise i-hypersensitivity kwi-hormone.
U-Elena Malysheva kanye nochwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko bazositshela ngezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu ngesifo sikashukela.
