Cishe wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyazi isimo esidala ukungaphatheki kahle futhi okungaholela ekufeni, okuyi-hypoglycemia. Imbangela yalesi simo ukwehla okukhulu koshukela egazini, kuyilapho isiguli sihlushwa ukujuluka, ukoma, isiyezi, futhi sithuthumela kakhulu.
Lapho amazinga kashukela egazi ehla ngemuva kokudla, ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo kusiza ukugwema izinkinga zempilo. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa ama-carbohydrate alula, ukudla ezingxenyeni ezincane usuku lonke.
Lapho inyikima, uma umuntu engazange adle ngesikhathi, lesi simo sibizwa nge-hypoglycemia esheshayo. Kuboniswa ukuthi kudle ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi noma ukudla kwamaprotheni.
Udokotela angakwazi ukubona ukuthi isiguli sithola i-insulin eningi kakhulu, inani lesenzo saso senzeka ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehla komthamo we-hormone noma ushintsho ngesikhathi sokuphatha kwalo kusebenza ngokumelene ne-hypoglycemia.
Kungani ushukela wegazi uwe
Ekuhumusheni, igama elithi hypoglycemia lisho ukuthi "hhayi igazi elimnandi impela", lesi yisimo sesikhashana se-pathological lapho ukugcwala kweglucose yegazi kuyehla ngaphansi kwe-3.3 mmol / L. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi, ungawenzi ngokwejwayelekile amazinga kashukela, kukhona ithuba lokuthathwa, ukubamba nokuphelelwa amandla. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angawela enkingeni enkulu ye-hypoglycemic and die.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia kuvame ukuba nezinye izimbangela ezingahambelani nhlobo noshukela wegazi ophansi. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwalesi simo kukhuthazwa ukungondleki kahle ngokusweleka okucacile kwe-fiber, amavithamini namaminerali, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, zonke izinhlobo zezifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, imikhuba emibi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala ikakhulukazi.
Ukujuluka kuzoba wuphawu olubizwayo lwe-hyperglycemia, umuntu uyoxhawula izandla, uzowela esimweni esingenasizathu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kulokhu, kudingeka ukulashwa ngokuphuthumayo esibhedlela, ngoba isimo sisongela impilo.
Ukuqonda izimbangela ze-hypoglycemia, indlela yokubumba ushukela wegazi kufanele icatshangwe. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate, inani elithile likashukela lingena emzimbeni womuntu:
- ungena egazini;
- sisakazeka ngamangqamuzana omzimba.
Ukuphendula kulokhu, amaseli we-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone. Ikhuthaza ukufakwa kweglucose, isiza amaseli ukuyisebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla amakhulu.
Uma umuntu enempilo, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin impela njengoba kudingeka ngaleso sikhathi ukucubungula ushukela. Ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic (uhlobo 1 sikashukela), umzimba awukwazi ukukhipha umthamo odingekayo we-insulin, ngakho-ke, kunesidingo sokuthola leyo nto ngaphandle.
Umsebenzi obalulekile wesifo sikashukela ukuthi udinga ukufaka inani elanele le-insulin, njengoba nje nakho kudingekile ukuze kufakwe ushukela omnandi ongene emzimbeni.
Lapho kungena i-hormone eningi, kungalingani ngokushesha kungena:
- isibindi sikhipha izitolo ze-glycogen ukwenza i-glucose ingangeni;
- I-hypoglycemia iyenzeka.
I-Glycogen iyadingeka ukucubungula i-insulin engaphezulu. Uma kunokwanele esibindi, i-hypoglycemia ayenzeki njalo noma isiguli singanakile. Kepha, njengomthetho, onesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, izitolo ze-glycogen ziyindlala, amathuba okuncipha okusheshayo kokuxineka kweglucose kuphakama kakhulu kunokuthi kungabikho sifo.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi izimbangela ze-hypoglycemia yizici:
- umthamo ongafanele we-insulin;
- ukweqa ukudla;
- ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba;
- ukuphuza utshwala.
Futhi, izizathu zingahle zihambisane nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile, ezihambisana ne-insulin kakhulu futhi ezithinta i-glycemia.
Kukhona izidakamizwa ezikhulisa inani le-hormone egazini lesiguli: iJanuvia, i-Starlix, i-Diabines, i-Prandin neminye eminye imishanguzo.
Ukuboniswa kwe-hypoglycemia
Imvamisa ukwehla kushukela wegazi kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, emizuzwini eyi-10 yokuqala, i-hypoglycemia encane ingaqedwa ngokuphelele ngokudla inani elincane lokudla okumnandi. Uma i-glucose ingangeni emzimbeni, ngemuva kwengxenye yehora umuntu ayigwala, iba nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, umuzwa oshubile wendlala, isiyezi, ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuqala kwe-tachycardia.
Uma ushukela wegazi uphansi kakhulu, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukwesaba okwandayo, ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo (imibuthano enemibala ivela phambi kwamehlo, isithombe esikabili), ukukhuluma, ukwazi kuyaphazamiseka.
Uma umuntu kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ukuthi akwazi ukubona izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypoglycemia. Lapho isiguli sisanda kuthola ukuthi une-diagnostic, kusamele sifunde ukuthi sikwenza kanjani, kudingeka silalele umzimba wakhe.
Kuyingozi enkulu lapho kugwenywa nesifo sikashukela ephusheni, lesi simo se-pathological sihambisana namaphupho amabi, umuntu uvuka emanzi kusuka izithukuthuku, wesaba ukulala futhi. Kwenzeka ukuthi ukwehla ushukela kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuvuka kwesifo sikashukela, ngemuva kokulala azizwe:
- ngikhathele
- ukucasulwa;
- sikhungatheke.
Uma ungayinaki le nkinga, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, isiguli singawela enkingeni ephusheni.
Ungawenza kanjani ngokushesha ushukela
Nge-hypoglycemia emnene (ushukela wegazi 2.7-3.3 mmol / l), okuthile okumnandi kuyadingeka ukuba kudliwe ngokushesha, kwanele ukuba umuntu omdala adle i-15-20 g yama-carbohydrate alula. Ungaphuza futhi u-150 g wejusi wezithelo omnandi, itiye elimnyama elimnandi, udle inkathi yezilayi zezithelo ezomile, ubhanana, izingcezu ezimbalwa zikashokoleti omnyama noma uswidi.
Ngamanye amagama, kufanele udle noma yikuphi ukudla lapho khona ama-carbohydrate asheshayo akhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphalishi nesinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu akulungile, ukudla okunjalo kuyama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, kuzodonswa amathumbu isikhathi eside.
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi awukwazi ukudla amaswidi amaningi noshukela ophansi, noma ukhumbula ukuthi indlala inamandla kakhulu nge-hypoglycemia. Ukudla ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate kuzobangela ukukhuphuka okubukhali kokugxilisa ushukela, okulimaza kakhulu imithambo yegazi emincane.
Nge-hypoglycemia yefomu eliphakathi (ushukela 2.7 mmol / l) okudingayo:
- ngokushesha thatha ama-20 g ama-carbohydrate alula;
- kamuva 20 g wama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ilungelo lokususa i-hypoglycemia kusibonakaliso sokuqala, ulinganise izinga le-glucose usebenzisa i-glucometer, qinisekisa ukuba khona kwenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthatha i-15 g yama-carbohydrate alula, ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20, ushukela wegazi uphinde uhlolwe. Uma inani loshukela lingaphansi kwenani eliqondisiwe, phinda uthathe inani elilinganayo lama-carbohydrate. Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo? I-algorithm ehlongozwayo kufanele iqhutshwe kuze kube yilapho i-normalization yezempilo.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma ku-coma enzima ye-hypoglycemic, uma onesifo sikashukela, engakwazi ukudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate yedwa ukwandisa ushukela wegazi. Uma umuntu ekhubazekile, wenqatshelwe ukuthi anikeze uketshezi nokunye ukudla okuqukethe ushukela, ngoba lokhu kungavusa isphyxiation.
Usizo lokuqala luzoba ukujova okungaphakathi kwe-1 g ye-glucagon, kusebenza kwesibindi, okuzokhulisa ngokungaqondile amanani eglucose emzimbeni. Lapho umuntu elashwa esibhedlela, i-hypoglycemic coma ikhonjiswa ukuthi iqedwe ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwekhambi le-glucose engama-40%.
Le ndlela iyatholakala kalula kunomjovo we-glucagon, futhi isiza ukuphinda uqaphele ngokushesha.
Izindlela zokuvimbela i-hypoglycemia
Kungenzeka uvikele ukuhlaselwa okulandelayo kokunciphisa ushukela ngokubheka imithetho eminingana ebalulekile. Okokuqala, kufanele wazi umthamo oqondile we-insulin, okufanele uphathwe (uma isiguli sinokuthayipha 1 isifo sikashukela), uqonde imigomo eyisisekelo yesenzo se-insulin ye-hormone, futhi ufunde izindlela zokuqeda i-hypoglycemia.
Udinga futhi njalo ukubona irejimeni yansuku zonke, ishedyuli yokuphathwa kwe-insulin, ukudla okwanele, kanye nokuqapha izinga le-glucose emzimbeni. Namuhla, izazi ze-endocrinologists zeluleka ukuthatha isilinganiso se-glucose ngaphambi kokudla (izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngosuku), ngesikhathi sokulala nasesiswini esingenalutho.
Imithamo ye-insulin efakiwe kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokukhula komzimba, inani le-hormone lidinga ukuncishiswa, noma ngenani elifanayo le-insulin, kudla ama-carbohydrate amaningi.
Kunconywa ukwenqaba ukuphuza utshwala noma ukubunciphisa, utshwala obunamandla, obuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho, luzonciphisa ushukela. Kufanele wazi ubhiya:
- kwandisa ukugxilisa ushukela egazini;
- kuthinta kabi umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
Zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zidinga ukunciphisa ngokuphelele uphuzo oludakayo, kepha uma onesifo sikashukela efuna ukuphuza kancane, kufanele kwenziwe esiswini esigcwele futhi alume.
Imiphumela engaba khona, izinkinga
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, inkinga ye-hypoglycemia iyaziwa kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela, uma kwenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesibili ngesonto, udinga ukubonana nodokotela. Kungadingeka ukuthi uguqule umthamo we-insulin, kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli sithatha kakhulu umthamo wakhe.
Ukuhlaselwa kaningi kuthinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi emincane, ikakhulukazi izitho nezinyawo eziphansi, okwenza ukukhula ngokushesha kwe-angiopathy. Lapho abanesifo sikashukela behlangabezana nokuqunjelwa okukhulu kwe-hypoglycemic, basengozini enkulu yokuba nezilonda zobuchopho nezinkinga zemithambo yegazi.
Nge-index index ushukela ongaphansi kwe-2 mmol / L, i-glycemic coma kwenzeka ngokungenakugwemeka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukusindisa umuntu ekufeni, ingqondo yakhe izokufa.
Ingqondo idla ushukela, iyadingeka:
- gwema ukwehla okuyinhlekelele ushukela wegazi;
- yeka ngokushesha isimo se-hypoglycemic.
Imvamisa i-hypoglycemia yenzeka ngendlela emnene, ngaphandle kwezinkinga isuswa ngokudla okuqukethe ushukela, ushukela.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi yini okudingeka uyenze lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa, ukuthi ungazisiza kanjani wena kanye nabanye.
Iziphakamiso zabanesifo sikashukela
Isincomo sokuqala sesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala ukuthi sibe noshukela omncane (amaswidi, ushukela, izithelo ezomisiwe) nawe, ukunikezwa kwama-carbohydrate alula kubaluleke kakhulu ngomsebenzi womzimba ohleliwe, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Ukuqeda izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, ungasebenzisa inani elincane lezinyosi esikhundleni sikashukela, ubhanana - le mikhiqizo nayo iqukethe ama-carbohydrate alula, kepha inenzuzo ethe xaxa.
Uma kungenzeka, thatha amaswidi ngeziphuzo ezishisayo, ukuze umzimba wesiguli uzokwazi kangcono ukuthola ushukela futhi uphume esimweni se-hypoglycemia.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kokunciphisa ushukela wegazi kuba njalo, lokhu kungasho ukuthi umthamo we-insulin ukhethiwe ngokungafanele. Kulokhu, udinga ukubonisana ne-endocrinologist futhi ukuze ulungise ukwelashwa.
Iseluleko sokugcina sabanesifo sikashukela ukufunda imiyalo yezidakamizwa isikhathi ngasinye, kubalulekile njalo ukuthola ukuthi umuthi othile uxhumana kanjani ne-insulin. Kunemithi eminingana engathuthukisa isenzo se-insulin, nayo ebangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia yobunzima obuhlukahlukene.
Izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha i-hypoglycemia zichazwe kuvidiyo kulesi sihloko.
