Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. I-insulin kuphela ekwazi ukwehlisa ngempumelelo ushukela wegazi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-syndromes ayingozi esifo sikashukela, njengokukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukulimala kwemilenze, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies yenhliziyo, izinso kanye nokugaya ukudla.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyazi ukuthi i-insulin kufanele iphathwe ngokungaziphathi kahle, ngoba kule ndaba umuthi ungena ezicutshini ezingaphansi, lapho umunwa khona kancane kancane egazini. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula kangcono ukwehla koshukela wegazi futhi kuvinjele ekuweni kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izimo lapho umjovo ongabonakali we-insulin ungahle unganele ukwelapha isiguli bese lo muthi uphathwa ngaphakathi, usebenzisa umjovo noma i-dropper.
Ukwelashwa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokunakekela okukhulu, ngoba kunomthelela ekhuphukeni kwamazinga we-insulin ngokushesha kanye nokwehla ngokushesha kokuxineka kweglucose, okungadala i-hypoglycemia enkulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka ukuphathwa kwe-insulin ekwelashweni kwayo ngokwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukucacisa lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kunesizathu nokuthi kungaba namuphi umphumela omuhle nongalungile.
Lapho i-insulin iphathwa ngokuhlinzwa
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukujova i-insulin emthanjeni kungenzeka kungaphephile esigulini, ngakho-ke, ukujova okungaphakathi kwomuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela njengendawo yokugcina.
Ngokuvamile, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin okufakwa ngaphakathi ngenxa yezizathu zokwelashwa, okuwukuthi:
- I-hyperglycemia enkulu kanye ne-hyperglycemic coma;
- I-ketoacidosis ne-ketoacidotic coma;
- I-Hyperosmolar coma;
Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli uqobo sithatha isinqumo sokushintsha kusuka ekujoleni okufakwayo kungene emzimbeni. Njengomthetho, kunezizathu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zalokhu:
- Isifiso sokusheshisa umphumela wesidakamizwa;
- Isifiso sokunciphisa umthamo we-insulin;
- Ukungena ngengozi emthanjeni ngesikhathi somjovo.
Ngokusho kwe-endocrinologists, cishe zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zifake imishanguzo ye-insulin engenile okungenani kanye, kepha odokotela abaningi baxwayisa iziguli zabo ngalesi sinyathelo.
Okokuqala, ngoba ama-insulin amaningi aklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous noma intramuscular. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezidakamizwa ezikhiqizwa ngesimo sokumiswa, ezinqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukungena emthanjeni.
Okwesibili, akuzona zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezikwazi ukubona izimpawu zokukhula kwe-hypoglycemia ngesikhathi esifanele, okuyinto efanelekile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokuguquguquka okujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela wegazi, abanesifo sikashukela abanomlando omude bayayeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpawu zoshukela ophansi noshukela ophakeme kuze kuba isimo sabo siba sibucayi.
Kulokhu, umuntu angaquleka futhi awele enkingeni, okuthi ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha olufike ngesikhathi kuholele ekufeni.
I-insulin esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-hyperglycemia
Zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyazi kahle ukuthi iyini i-hyperglycemia. Le nkinga ingaqhamuka ngenxa yokwephulwa kokudla, umthamo obalwe ngokungafanele we-insulin, ukweqa ngokungena ngengozi komjovo, ukucindezela okukhulu, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.
I-Hyperglycemia ivame ukukhula kancane kancane, ekuqaleni ibonakaliswe yilezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zomlingiswa:
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu;
- Ubuhlungu ekhanda;
- Umile njalo;
- Ukuchama ngokweqile;
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo;
- Umlomo owomile;
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo.
Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka kwezinkinga, ukwenza ngcono isimo sesiguli, kwanele ukwenza imijovo embalwa e-insulin efushane, ezosiza ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi ube izinga elijwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, ukwanda okuthe xaxa kwe-glucose emzimbeni kungadala ukukhula kwesimo esiyingozi kakhulu - ketoacidosis. Kubonakala ngokuqwabelana kwama-acetone acid egazini, okungadala ukuphuma komzimba okukhulu futhi kudale ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo nezinso.
Kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kwe-ketoacidosis esigulini ngokuphefumula okukhulunywa ngayo kwe-acetone. Uma ikhona, kusho ukuthi izinga likashukela wegazi lesiguli likhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-20 mmol / l, okudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha.
Esimweni esinjalo, ukujova okujwayelekile kwe-insulin kungenzeka kunganele ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ekuqoqweni okukhulu kakhulu kwe-glucose, ukuphathwa okufakwa ngaphakathi kwamalungiselelo we-insulin kuphela okungasiza isiguli.
Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukubala kahle umthamo, ngoba ukujova i-insulin ngaphakathi kufanele usebenzise inani elincane lomuthi. Umthamo ngqo we-insulin uncike kushukela wakho wegazi. Isibonelo, ezigulini ezisondelene ne-hyperosmolar coma enesifo sikashukela, izinga leshukela lingadlula i-50 mmol / l.
Kulesi simo, igazi lesiguli ligcwele ushukela kangangokuba lilahlekelwe yizinto zalo ezivamile, liba mnene futhi libe ne-viscous. Lokhu kuthinta kabi umsebenzi wesistimu yenhliziyo nokuchama, futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yeziguli.
Ukuhoxisa isiguli kulesi simo, akusenele ukumane ujova i-insulin ngaphakathi. Lokhu kudinga ukufakwa okuqhubekayo komuthi emzimbeni wesiguli nge-Drip. I-insulin dropper ilusizo lokuqala lwamacala amakhulu we-hyperglycemia.
Ama-insulin dropers asetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesiguli esibhedlela, ngoba kudinga ulwazi oluningi nolwazi. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuzisebenzisa ekhaya ngenxa yokusongela okuphezulu kwe-hypoglycemia.
Okunye ukungena kwe-insulin
Kwesinye isikhathi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zifaka i-insulin emithanjeni ukuqinisa futhi isheshise umphumela womuthi. Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyazi ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwanda ushukela wegazi kubangela imiphumela engaphenduki emzimbeni wakhe, konakalisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yezinzwa.
Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukwehlisa amazinga abo aphezulu eglue ngokushesha futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukulimala kwabo emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu yokuthola i-hypoglycemia indebeshela izinzuzo zokwelashwa okunjalo, ngoba ushukela wegazi ophansi uyingozi kangako uma uphakeme.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwanda ushukela wegazi, umthamo ojwayelekile we-insulin emfushane kufanele uphathwe ngokungahambi kahle. Le ndlela yokulwa noshukela ophezulu iyona ephumelela kakhulu futhi iphephile. Uma omunye umjovo unganele ukwehlisa ushukela, khona-ke ngemuva kwesikhashana ungenza umjovo owengeziwe.
Esinye isizathu ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela angafuna ukuguqula imijovo ye-insulin ene-insulin ene-intravenous isifiso sokunciphisa izindleko zemithi. Noma ngubani onesifo sikashukela uyazi ukuthi i-insulin iyikhambi elibizayo. Futhi noma umthamo wansuku zonke ophansi womuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukhulu impela.
Iziguli ezisebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin zibiza kakhulu. Ngenkathi ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kokulungiselela kwe-insulin kudingeka kaninginingi kunangaphansi. Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ngale ndlela yokwelashwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngomjovo we-insulin owangena ngaphakathi, lonke umthamo wama-rhinestones wezidakamizwa ungena egazini, obangela ukwehla okukhulu kweglucose. Ngenkathi ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin isebenzisa ngokungenamkhawulo, igxiliswa kancane kancane egazini ivela ezicutshini ezingaphansi, kancane kancane inciphisa ushukela wegazi.
Lokhu kwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kusebenza kakhulu esigulini, ngoba kungukulingiswa okuyikho okuningana kwenqubo okwenzeka emzimbeni womuntu onempilo. Ukwehla kakhulu kwamazinga kashukela kubangela ukwethuka emzimbeni futhi kungadala imiphumela eyingozi.
Ukuhlaselwa kaningi kwe-hypoglycemia, okungaphatheki kahle ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin, kungadala ukuphazamiseka engqondweni futhi kudale ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, i-insulin kufanele ifakwe emithanjeni kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, ngokwesibonelo, ngamazinga kashukela aphezulu kakhulu.
Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ukufakwa kwe-insulin emthanjeni kungenzeka ngamabomu uma isiguli singena ngethambo ngethambo ngesikhathi somjovo. Amacala anjalo ajwayelekile ikakhulukazi uma isiguli singangenanga esiswini, kodwa singene okhalweni. Ukubona lokhu kulula kakhulu: ngemuva kokujova emthanjeni, igazi le-venous lihlala libonakala ebusweni besikhumba, elinombala omnyama kune-capillary.
Kulokhu, kufanele uthathe amaphilisi kashukela ngokushesha, udle i-spoonful of uju noma uphuze ujusi omnandi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ukwehla ngokweqile koshukela wegazi futhi kuvikele isiguli ku-hypoglycemia.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngenqubo yokuphatha i-insulin.
