Isifo sikashukela mellitus yisifo esivamile. Cishe bonke abantu abangama-20 emhlabeni bagula nabo.
Noma ngubani onenkinga yesifo ubuza ukuthi singalashwa ngokuphelele yini. Yini ongayenza lokhu?
Izimbangela zesifo
Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-endocrine lapho umuntu enenkinga yokudla emzimbeni. Lesi sifo sibonisa ukwephula ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yamaprotheni yi-pancreas. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iziguli ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziqaphe njalo ukugcwala kweglucose egazini.
Lesi sifo sinefomu elingamahlalakhona, futhi izimbangela zokuvela kwaso kubantu yizinto ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya:
- isisindo ngokweqile kanye nefomu layo okweqile - ukukhuluphala;
- isakhi sofuzo;
- ukuguga nezinkinga ze-metabolic eziphakama;
- izimo eziphindaphindayo ezicindezelayo, okuhlangenwe nakho;
- imiphumela yokutheleleka ngegciwane (i-rubella, i-hepatitis, umkhuhlane, ingxibongo);
- Izifo ezihlangana nomthelela ongemuhle wesimo se-pancreas (pancreatitis, umdlavuza kumanyikwe);
- ukuthatha imishanguzo eminingi yemithi (cytostatics, diuretics, glucocorticoid mahomoni wemvelaphi yokwenziwa);
- ukungondleki ngendlela yokudla ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate kanye nokuntuleka kwefayibhu;
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukuba khona kwesifo senhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwezimbangela ezibonisiwe, lesi sifo senzeka kubantu siphikisana nesizinda se-pathologies ekhona:
- ukuqina kwesibindi;
- ukumunca kabi ama-carbohydrate;
- i-hypercorticism;
- ukukhuphuka kokuqashelwa kwama-hormone we-thyroid;
- ukukhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile kokuhlushwa kweglucose yesikhathi esifushane;
- ukukhuphuka kwenani lama-hormone acindezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin;
- isimila sendalo ehlukahlukene esiye sakhula ezithweni zomgudu wesisu.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala sivame ukuvela kubantu abasha - singalapheki ngokuphelele. Umuntu udinga ukujova insulin impilo yakhe yonke.
Ezimweni ezingama-80%, kuvela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Abantu asebekhulile abanezinkinga zesisindo kanye nezifo ezihlangana nabo kungenzeka bathinteke.
Ngabe isifo sikashukela esingu-2 singalashwa?
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela selashwa ngempumelelo, kepha awukwazi ukuqeda lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Lesi sifo sibonisa isikhathi eside se-latent. Umuntu angeke asole ukuthi unesifo iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Lesi sifo sinomphumela onamandla emithanjeni yegazi. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sitholakala esiteji sezinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa. Ishintsha ngokushesha ibe yifomu elingamahlalakhona, isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ngokulungiswa kokudla kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho othile womzimba.
Uma umuntu ebuka ukudla, ukuqapha njalo ushukela nokuphuza imithi edingekayo, angathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yabo. Ngokulashwa okuseqophelweni kanye nendlela yokuphila efanele, isikhathi sayo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ingafinyelela amashumi eminyaka futhi ifane nakubantu abaphilile ngokuphelele.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa
Uhlobo lokwelashwa kwalesi sifo luxhomeke esigabeni sokukhula kwalo kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga ezigulini. Lesi sifo selashwa ngokushesha ekhaya.
Iziguli ezitholakele zinalesi sifo esikhathini esisekupheleni zidinga ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka nasezigulini ezingakwazi ukulawula indlela yazo yokuphila nokudla okufanele.
Imigomo yokwelashwa imi kanje:
- ukwanda komsebenzi wezimoto;
- ukunamathela ekudleni okukhethekile;
- ukuqaphela njalo kwe-glycemia yegazi;
- ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo edingekayo.
Ngoba ushukela uvame ukukhula kubantu abakhuluphele, kudingeka ulungiswe kuqala. Ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile isisindo, ukudla okufanele kanye nokuzivocavoca okwanele kungasibuyisela ngokushesha i-glycemia yesiguli kokujwayelekile.
Ukwanda kokuzivocavoca komzimba
Umsebenzi we-locomotor ubalulekile ekwelashweni ngempumelelo kwesifo sikashukela. Kuboniswa ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhuluphele. Ukuzivocavoca okulula kwansuku zonke kuvumela iziguli ezikhuluphele ukuthi zikubuyisele kancane kokujwayelekile.
Ukuzivocavoca njengomunye wemigomo yokwelashwa kusivumela ukuthi sixazulule izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukulungisa isisindo sikashukela;
- ukwehla kokuxineka koshukela ngenxa yemithwalo yemisipha.
Izicubu zomzimba womuntu zibonakaliswa ukuthembela okwengeziwe kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yansuku zonke, abanesifo sikashukela bayakwazi ukugcina ukunakekelwa koshukela kulelo zinga futhi kufinyelelwe ekunciphiseni isisindo.
Ukudla kokudla
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isiguli sidinga ushintsho oluphelele ekudleni. Akusho ukuthi ukubulawa yindlala noma ukunciphisa ukuvinjwa kokudla izinsuku eziningana - umongo wokudla kwalesi sifo uwukudla okungenamsoco.
Emini, umuntu kunconywa ukuthi adle ukudla izikhathi eziyisithupha, kuyilapho izingxenye zezitsha kufanele zibe zincane. Isiguli sidinga ukuqapha izikhathi eziphakathi kokudla. Ukuqhekeka phakathi kokudla akufanele kudlule amahora amathathu.
Ukudla okunempilo kwesifo kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuthile kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokudla okuningana.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, okulandelayo kukhishwe ngokuphelele:
- ama-carbohydrate abamba ngokushesha;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- zonke izinhlobo zokudla okumnandi nokunesitashi;
- imikhiqizo ebhemayo;
- utshwala
- ukudla okubabayo nokunamafutha;
- umhluzi ocebile;
- zonke izinhlobo zokudla okusheshayo nama-marinade.
Eminye imikhiqizo ivunyelwe ngokwesimo.
Le mikhiqizo ifaka:
- semolina;
- amazambane
- I-pasta
- izindle;
- ingulube engenamafutha;
- ushizi wekotishi onamafutha amancane;
- ubisi lwe-nonfat;
- izaqathe;
- abapheki;
- isibindi;
- izikhupha zamaqanda;
- iwundlu;
- amantongomane
- irayisi, i-buckwheat, i-oatmeal.
Le mikhiqizo ivunyelwe kwabanesifo sikashukela, kepha kuze kube umkhawulo.
Imikhiqizo yesifo sikashukela evunyelwe ngokugcwele ifaka:
- inyama ngaphandle kwamafutha;
- imifino emisha, ebilisiwe neyosiwe;
- soya;
- izithelo (cishe zonke) namajikijolo;
- inhlanzi.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyelulekwa ukuthi zenze imenyu yosuku lwesonto ngalinye. Lapho uyihlanganisa, kunconywa ukuholwa yimigomo yokudla okuphansi kwe-carb.
Lapho uhlanganisa imenyu, kufanele uqhubeke kokulandelayo:
- ibhalansi yokudla;
- ukuhlukaniswa kokudla okwanele (izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku);
- izinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwansuku zonke;
- ukufakwa ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwezithelo ezintsha nemifino;
- ukungafakwa ngokuphelele kwemikhiqizo enqatshelwe;
- ukudla okuncane;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okwanele nsuku zonke (okungenani amalitha ayi-1.5);
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-decoctions kanye ne-tee ngokusekelwe kumakhambi.
Isifo sikashukela kudingeka sigweme indlala. Lapho kuvela, bayalulekwa ukuba bathungathe ubisi olunamafutha amancane nezithelo. Ngosizo lwabo, kuzokwazi ukucindezela umuzwa wokulamba futhi ubekezelele kuze kube isidlo esilandelayo ngokohlelo. Ukuhlukumeza futhi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele - awukwazi ukudla kakhulu noma imikhiqizo egunyaziwe. Udinga ukusukuma etafuleni nomuzwa wokuthi ungadla okuningi.
Ividiyo yesondlo sikashukela:
Ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukuqashwa nsuku zonke kwamazinga kashukela. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka futhi sithinta kabi amaseli e-pancreatic. Benza kabi ngokwenziwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone. Ngalesi sizathu, kukhona ukwanda okuvama kweglucose yegazi.
Ukuqapha, isisetshenziswa esibizwa ngokuthi i-glucometer siyasetshenziswa. Idivayisi ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze ushukela nsuku zonke esigulini ngezinga elifanele. Naphezu kwezindleko zokuphoqelelwa kwezimali zedivayisi, uyakhokha.
Iziguli akufanele zikhawulelwe kuphela ngokulawulwa kwe-glucose egazini. Ukwahluka kwesimo sempilo futhi kuyizinkomba emchameni wesiguli.
Imichilo yokuhlola iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuhlola i-urine glucose kuma-diabetes. Kepha le ndlela ayisebenzi kahle. Imichilo yokuhlola ivumela ukuthola i-glucose kumchamo kuphela lapho ukuhlushwa kwayo kudlula i-10 mmol / L. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, inkomba ye-8 mmol / L isivele ibucayi. Ngalesi sizathu, indlela ephumelela kakhulu nethembekile yokulawula amazinga kashukela omchamo ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe elabhorethri.
Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi
Kwisifo sikashukela, gxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi kuyimpawu. Enye yezinkomba ezidingekayo ukubheka njalo umfutho wegazi.
Ukwanda kwalo okungalawulwa kuholela emiphumeleni eminingana, phakathi kwalokhu:
- ingozi enkulu yokushaywa unhlangothi;
- ukungaboni kahle okubonakalayo kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwayo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwezinso.
Umfutho wegazi ophansi kushukela onesifo sikashukela uba ngumphumela ojwayelekile wokufa kwezicubu zezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba ngenxa yokucebisa kwabo buthakathaka ne-oxygen.
Kanye nesilinganiso esingapheli se-glycemia, isiguli sidinga isilinganiso sansuku zonke somfutho wegazi.
Imithi
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuyadingeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela lapho isifo satholakala khona sekwedlule isikhathi. Ukugcina impilo yeziguli ngemithi kuyadingeka futhi uma iba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetic zibekelwe iziguli kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, izidakamizwa zinqunyelwe:
- ukuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwe-insulin kwezicubu (i-Biguanides) - "iGlucophage", "Metformin";
- ukwehlisa ukuthathwa kwe-glucose ngesisu namathumbu - "Acarbose";
- equkethe i-insulin;
- okuqukethe okususelwa ku-sulfonylurea - I-Diabeteson namanye ama-analogues.
AmaBiguanides ngokuvamile abekelwe iziguli ezisencane ngokweqile. Ezigulini ezindala, uma zinezindlela ezihambisanayo, izidakamizwa zivusa i-lactic acidosis.
Okususwa yi-sulfonylureas kufaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Ukuqokwa kwabo kuyadingeka kwiziguli ezinenkinga kwisifo sikashukela. I-overdose yalezi zidakamizwa iholela ekwehlekeni okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela. Lesi simo sishwabene nokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Amalungiselelo e-insulin anqunyelwe uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezimweni ezikhethekile. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuholela ekwakhekeni kokungamelana nezifo emithini. Izimali eziqukethe i-insulin zibekelwe iziguli kulezi zimo.
Ngokwengeziwe, iziguli zesifo sikashukela zinikezwa imithi ekhethekile:
- ama-thiazolidinediones, anciphisa amazinga kashukela futhi andise ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana angamafutha ku-insulin;
- ama-meglitinides avuselela ama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
I-Meglitinides enokwehla kokuxineka koshukela egazini ayiholeli ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia esigulini. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-thiazolidinediones ku-contraindicated kuma-diabetes lapho enezimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
