Isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-endocrine pathology, imbangela yaso ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi, i-carbohydrate metabolism ingaphansi kwezinguquko.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, ama-pancreas alahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo ukukhiqiza umthamo odingekayo we-insulin, ngenxa yalokho, izinga le-glucose egazini liyanda.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zingabonakala ngokuzimela. Phakathi kwezimpawu zobuntu kuhlale kunomuzwa wokukhathala nokuqhekeka. Uma ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kuba kaningi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
Ukuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela
Ukuqinisekisa noma ukungafaki ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, uchungechunge lwezivivinyo kufanele lwenziwe uma kuqubuka ukudinwa, ukukhathala, nokoma okunzima.
Kwesinye isikhathi isifo sikashukela siyavela ngenxa yengcindezi. Ingozi yokuba nesifo ikhula ngokulingana nokukhula. Imvamisa, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, kanye nokuthatha imishanguzo ethile kanye nokuphuza ngokweqile, kuyimbangela yako.
Ngenxa yezimpawu zokuphazamiseka, isifo sikashukela sitholakala kakhulu sekwephuzile.
Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kuhambisana nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- ngokweqile
- ifa
- umlando, osindwa ukuhlulwa kwamaseli we-beta abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin: i-pathology ye-endocrine gland, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, i-pancreatitis.
Lesi sifo kungenzeka futhi ngenxa:
- umkhuhlane
- rubella
- isifo sokusha kwesibindi
- inkukhu pox.
Ngokuya ngezimbangela ezidala ukwanda kwe-glucose egazini lomuntu, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo 1 sikashukela lubonakala ngokuncika kwe-insulin. Kule nkambo yalesi sifo, amanyikwe ayathinteka, ayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Kuyadingeka ukuyingenisa emzimbeni ngokuqamba.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu esemncane. Ngohlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology, akukho ukuthembela kwe-insulin. Lolu hlobo lokugula lwenziwa ngenxa yokungapheleli kwe-insulin. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lwesifo lubonakala kubantu asebekhulile nabadala.
Ohlelweni lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela, i-insulin iyaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa, futhi uma unamathela ekunakekelweni okufanele nokuvivinya okulinganiselayo, lapho-ke ungavimbela izinkinga eziningi.
Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kulolu hlobo lwe-pathology kuboniswa kuphela ezimweni ngazinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kaningi lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lubandakanya isifo senhliziyo.
Uhlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukoma okukhulu
- ukukhuphula umthamo womchamo nokuchama njalo,
- ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe
- kunciphe umbono
- ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukozela,
- ukuzindla nokuqina kwezingalo,
- izifo ezithathelanayo ezithatha isikhathi eside
- spasms,
- ehlise i-libido
- ukululama kwenxeba okuhamba kancane
- ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba
- izilonda esikhunjeni,
- isikhumba esomile nokulunywa.
Ukukhathala kanye nokubola kwesifo sikashukela kungabangane abahlala bezazi. Ngenxa yezinqubo ze-pathological, umzimba womuntu awunawo amandla awatholayo ku-glucose. Ngakho-ke, ukukhathala nobuthakathaka kwenzeka. Umuntu uhlala efuna ukulala, ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinengqondo. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngemuva kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokusebenza kwengqondo siyashintsha. Imvamisa umuntu uzizwa:
- ukubuyiselwa
- usizi nokudangala
- ukuqubuka kokuqubuka,
- ukunganaki.
Uma ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kubonwa njalo, kufanele ucabange ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela. Kwezinye izimo, i-Symbomatology inyuka kancane, ngakho-ke umuntu akaqondi ngokushesha ukuthi isimo sakhe sempilo sesiguqukile.
Nge -abetes mellitus yohlobo lokuqala, izimpawu zivezwa ngaphezulu, inhlala-kahle yomuntu iba mubi ngokushesha futhi ukomisa umzimba kwenzeka kakhulu.
Uma abantu abanjalo bengakutholi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ukukhohlisa isifo sikashukela kungahle kube yingozi empilweni. Nge-Type 2 sikashukela mellitus, ukuqhubekela phambili kwalesi sifo kungavinjelwa uma ukhulisa ukusebenza ngokomzimba futhi wehlise isisindo.
Ungakhuluma ngesifo sikashukela ngesisekelo sokucaciswa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinga le-glucose egazini.
Ukwelashwa
Uma ukudla nokudla okunempilo kungaphumeleli ekulweni noshukela wegazi ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene.
IMetformin imvamisa iba umuthi wokuqala onqunyelwe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Umuthi usebenza ngokunciphisa inani le-glucose engena egazini lisuka esibindini. Ngaphezu kwalokho iMetformin yenza amangqamuzana omzimba azwele kakhulu nge-insulin.
Lapho ukhuluphele ngokweqile, iMetformin imvama ukunqunywa. Ngokungafani nezinye izidakamizwa, akubeki isisindo somzimba. Kwezinye izimo, isifo sohudo noma isicanucanu kungenzeka. Ukuphambana okungenzeka kube yi-pathology yezinso.
Ukulungiselela kweSulfonylurea kukhulisa inani le-insulin ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Glimepiride.
- Glychidone.
- I-Glibenclamide.
- I-Gliclazide.
- I-Glipizide.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangabekelwa enye yale mithi uma engakwazi ukusebenzisa iMetformin noma uma kungekho isisindo eseqile. Ngenye indlela, amalungiselelo weMetformin noma ama-sulfonylurea angabekwa uma isenzo se-Metformin singenele.
Ama-Sulfonylureas kwesinye isikhathi andisa ingozi ye-hypoglycemia, njengoba anda inani le-insulin emzimbeni. Le mishanguzo ingadala isifo sohudo, ukukhuluphala kwesisindo, kanye nomcanuzelo.
Ama-Thiazolidonides akhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin, ngakho-ke ushukela omningi udlulela emangqamuzaneni usuka egazini. Izindlela zisetshenziswa ndawonye ne-metformin noma amalungiselelo e-sulfonylurea.
Njengomphumela wokuthatha izidakamizwa ezinjalo, ukukhuluphala okungasho lutho kanye nokuvuvukala kwesihlanganisi se-ankle kungenzeka. Ungasebenzisi i-Pioglitazone ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma isethulo esichaziwe kuma-fractures nasekuqhekekeni kwamathambo.
Enye i-thiazolidonide, i-rosiglitazone, yahoxiswa ekuthengisweni eminyakeni eminingana eyedlule ngenxa yokuthi yayibangela isifo senhliziyo. Ikakhulu, lesi sidakamizwa saba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kanye ne-myocardial infarction.
Ama-Glyptins avimbela i-glucagon-like polypeptide 1 (GLP-1) ekuwohlokeni. Ithuluzi livumela umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-insulin emazingeni kashukela aphezulu, kepha ubhujiswa ngokushesha.
Ama-gliptins enza ukuthi kuvikeleke amazinga aphezulu kashukela wegazi, kuyilapho kungekho bungozi be-hypoglycemia. Sikhuluma ngamathuluzi anjengalawa:
- I-Linagliptin.
- I-Saxagliptin.
- I-Itagliptin.
- Ildagliptin.
Ama-gliptins angabekwa uma kuchazwe ukuthi umuntu usebenzisa i-glitazones noma i-sulfonylureas. Ama-gliptins awavuseleli ukukhuluphala.
I-Exenatide iyisikhuthazi (i-agonist) se-glucagon-efana ne-polypeptide 1 (GLP-1). Lesi sidakamizwa siyajova, sisebenza ngokufanayo kwi-hormone yemvelo i-GLP-1. Umuthi uphathwa kabili ngosuku, usebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi wehlise ushukela wegazi ngaphandle kwengozi ye-hypoglycemia.
Abantu abaningi babika ukwehla kwesisindo okuncane ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjalo. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa ndawonye ne-metformin, kanye namalungiselelo we-sulfonylurea kwabanesifo sikashukela abanokukhuluphala.
Enye i-agonist ye-GLP-1 ibizwa ngokuthi i-liraglutide. Umjovo walesi sidakamizwa wenziwa kanye ngosuku. ILiraglutide, njenge-Exenatide, imvamisa isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe ne-sulfonylurea neMetformin kwabanesifo sikashukela ngokweqile. Ngokuya ezifundweni zemitholampilo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi umuthi ubangela ukunciphisa umzimba kancane.
I-Acarbose yenza ukuthi kuvikeleke ukwanda okubukhali koshukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla. Ithuluzi linciphisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwama-carbohydrate libe ushukela. Umuthi unemiphumela emibi, efana nohudo kanye nokuqhakaza. Umuthi ubuye unqunywe uma kukhona ukungabekezeleli ezinye izidakamizwa.
I-Repaglinide neNateglinide kusebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Izidakamizwa azisetshenziswa njalo, zingathathwa uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokudla. Umphumela uhlala isikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke, imali kufanele ithathwe ngaphambi kokudla.
Izidakamizwa zinemiphumela emibi - i-hypoglycemia kanye nesisindo somzimba.
Ukudla kokudla
Uma kungenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubuyisa i-carbohydrate metabolism, isinxephezelo saso senzeka ngokugcwala kwamaseli ngevolumu edingekayo ye-insulin, kuya ngohlobo lwesifo. Kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthathwa ngokulinganayo kwe-insulin emzimbeni, ngoba lokhu kudla okuqinile komuntu ngamunye kuyadingeka.
Ngaphandle kokudla okunempilo, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ngeke kulethe imiphumela elindelekile. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi, ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwelashwa kunqunyelwe kuphela ekwelashweni kokudla.
Abantu abahlushwa yilesi sifo esibi kangaka kufanele bazilinganisele ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate kanye noshukela. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa:
- amakhukhi, u-ayisikhilimu, amaswidi noshukela,
- izithelo ezimnandi
- i-zucchini, amazambane,
- ukudla okuthosiwe okwandisa i-cholesterol,
- amajusi wezithelo.
Ukunamathela ekudleni nasekudla ngokuhlelekile ukudla okunempilo kungenza amazinga kashukela egazi abe munye futhi kugweme ukozela nokungakhululeki.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela uye ancike kancane ekuguleni kwakhe, okumvumela ukuthi abuyele kwindlela yakhe ejwayelekile yokuphila.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Ukomela, ukukhathala nokukhathala kuqubuka ngoba umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukubhekana nezimpawu ezikhulayo zesifo. Imvamisa ebusuku isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuthi siphinde sivuke endlini yangasese siphuze amanzi, lokho akunikele ekulalweni nasekuphumuleni okufanele. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasemini kunokuqhekeka okuqinile.
Ngakho-ke i-insulin yokwelashwa ibhekwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nokuxinana okuwuphawu lomuntu onesifo sikashukela. Ukwelapha ngokungenisa i-insulin emzimbeni kumele kube kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Njengamanje, umuthi unenani elikhulu lezidakamizwa ezihlukile esikhathini sokusebenza, zihlukaniswe:
- isikhathi eside
- phakathi
- amafushane.
Imithi equkethe i-insulin kufanele ichazwe udokotela oholayo ngemuva kwezinyathelo zokuxilonga nokuxilonga okugcwele.
Izici zomsebenzi womzimba
Ukuzivocavoca ushukela kungenye yezimo zokunxeshezelwa ngempumelelo kwalesi sifo. Ngemithwalo yemisipha nakuwo wonke amasistimu omzimba, ushukela omningi uqala ukudliwa, onikezwa futhi ongavinjwanga yi-insulin. Ngakho-ke izinkomba ezingezinhle zesifo ziyanyamalala: ukukhathala nokudangala.
Ukuze uzuze umphumela olindelekile, awukwazi ukuthi u-overexert, ngoba umzimba ubuthakathaka ngenxa yalesi sifo. Umthwalo olinganiselayo wansuku zonke, ozoba nomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwama-carbohydrate, unele.
Awukwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Njengomthetho, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bayelulekwa ukuba basebenze ngokwelapha. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukwelashwa okunjalo kuthatha indawo ye-insulin, noma kunjalo, ngeke ikunxephezele ngokuphelele.
Lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela engenazo izingqinamba, angaphila indlela ejwayelekile. Odokotela bacebisa ukuya ejimini izikhathi eziningana ngesonto, ukwenza izikhala zangaphandle, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile futhi, uma uthanda, ukugijima.
Kuyasiza ukuba kwabanesifo sikashukela bahlanganyele kulezi zinhlobo zemisebenzi:
- badminton
- i-aerobics
- ithenisi
- imidanso yezemidlalo.
Ukuze ulondoloze impilo enhle yesifo sikashukela, kufanele ukusondele kulokhu ngendlela eqondakalayo nenomthwalo wemfanelo, ezimweni eziningi usebenzisa amandla angaqedi.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kubandakanya ukwelashwa nsuku zonke kwesifo sikashukela nokudla okulinganiselayo, ukubhekwa njalo ngudokotela ngalesi simo nokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin. Uma wenza konke lokhu okungenhla, umuntu ngeke azizwe engemukelekile, aphelelwe amandla nokudangala.
Ividiyo ekule ndatshana inikeza izincomo zendlela yokulwa nokulala.
