Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyindlela ejwayelekile; sithinta cishe i-5% yabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngesifo, inani le-glucose esegazini lomuntu liyakhuphuka, okuthinta kabi isimo sohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi, kubandakanya nemithambo yamehlo.
Ukunqotshwa kwe-retina ku-hyperglycemia kubizwa ngodokotela njenge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ukugula kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulahleka kombono, ukusebenza nokungaboni ngokuphelele. Ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo, iminyaka yesiguli idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela singakayihlanganisi iminyaka engama-30, amathuba okuba i-retinopathy ikhuphuke nobudala. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uzoba nezinkinga zokubuka ngamathuba angama-50%, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, ubungozi be-retinopathy bufinyelela kuma-75%.
Uma isifo sikashukela sitholakala kumuntu oneminyaka engaphezulu kwengama-30 ubudala, isifo sakhe samehlo sikhula ngokushesha, cishe ezingamaphesenti ama-80 eziguli ezingaboni ziba khona eminyakeni engama-5-7 emva kokuba isifo sikashukela sesiqinisekisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, awukho umehluko ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okugula umuntu agula nalo, i-retinopathy ethinta ngokulingana nabantu abanesifo sikashukela ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesibili lwesifo.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela:
- owokuqala (ukwakheka kwama-hemorrhage amancane, i-edema ye-retinal, i-micaneurysms iyabonakala);
- owesibili (ukuhlukunyezwa kwezitho zomzimba, ukuphuma kwesibindi okukhulu);
- okwesithathu (okuvezwa ukushisa okukhulu emzimbeni we-vitreous, ukuba khona kwezicubu zomzimba, ama-neoplasms emikhunjini ye-opic disc).
Uma ungayeki lesi sifo esigabeni sokuqala, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela inika izinkinga.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Diabetesic Retinopathy
I-retinopathy kwisifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana, isigaba sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi i-non-proliferative diabetesic retinopathy. Lesi simo sivezwa ngokwenzeka kwama-microaneurysms, avusa ukwanda kwemithambo yemithambo, ukuveza ukumpunga emehlweni.
Amatshe okuphefumula aboniswa izindawo ezimnyama zesimo esiyindilinga, imichilo emachashaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-ischemic, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukuthuthukisa i-retina, ukuqina kwemisipha nokwanda kokuqina kwethashini.
I-plasma yegazi ingena kwi-retina ngokusebenzisa izindonga ezihlakazekile zemithambo yegazi, ebangela i-edema. Lapho ingxenye esemaphakathi ye-retina ibandakanyeka kwinqubo ye-pathological, isiguli siphawula ukwehla okusheshayo kwekhono lokubona.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli fomu:
- kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba sesifundo sikashukela;
- umele isigaba sokuqala se-retinopathy.
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele, lesi sifo siqhubekela esigabeni sesibili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-preproliferative diabetesic retinopathy yisigaba esilandelayo sesifo, ihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi e-retina. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, okuyi-ischemia kanye nendlala ye-oxygen.
Kungenzeka ubuyisele ibhalansi ye-oksijini ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi emisha; le nqubo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-neovascularization. Ama-Neoplasms onakele, aphuma igazi, igazi lingena ezingxenyeni ze-retina, umzimba we-vitreous.
Njengoba inkinga iya ngokuya ikhula, onesifo sikashukela uzokubona ukuntanta okuthe xaxa phakathi kokuncipha kancane kancane kokucaca okubonakalayo. Izigaba zokugcina zalesi sifo ngokukhula isikhathi eside kwemithambo yegazi emisha, izicubu zesilonda zizoba yimfanelo yokuqala:
- ukuthathwa kwe-retinal;
- ukuqala kwesifo se-glaucoma.
Imbangela ye-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ye-hormone, ebangela ukunqwabelana kwe-sorbitol, i-fructose.
Ngokweqile kwalezi zinto, ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, ukuqina kwezindonga ze-capillary, kanye nokuncipha kwe-lumen kuzo.
Izimpawu ze-retinopathy zesifo sikashukela, ukuxilongwa
I-pathogenesis ye-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela nezimpawu zayo zincike ngqo ebukhali balesi sifo, imvamisa abanesifo sikashukela baphoqa imibuthano emnyama noma amabanga amnyama emehlweni, umbono ofiphele, ukungaboni ngezikhathi ezithile. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ikhwalithi yombono incike ekugxileni kwe-glucose egazini.
Ekuqaleni kwesifo, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo akubonakali esigulini; inkinga ingatholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Isiguli ngasinye esinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili kufanele sihlale silawulwa ngudokotela obonayo, lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungukuphela kwe-endocrinologist, i-ophthalmologist kanye ne-Therapist.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-retinopathy ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kwenziwa ngokusekelwe:
- kwizikhalazo ezinesineke zekhwalithi yombono eyehlisiwe;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus nge-ophthalmoscope.
Inqubo ye-ophthalmoscopy yenza ukuthi kunqume ukuba khona kwezinguquko ze-pathological ku-fundus. Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kusiza ukuhlukanisa i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kwezinye izinkinga zamehlo.
Olunye ucwaningo lwe-ophthalmological ukunqunywa kwengcindezi ye-intraocular, biomicroscopy yezitho zangaphandle zombono. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-fundus kuyakhonjiswa, lokhu kubalulekile ukubhala izinguquko emehlweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela unquma i-fluorescence angiography ukukhomba indawo yemikhumbi emisha ehambisa uketshezi futhi icasule i-macema edema.
Usebenzisa isibani se-slit, kwenziwa isifundo - i-lens biomicroscopy, ukuthi iyini, ingafundwa kwi-Intanethi.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi yabantu, izithasiselo zokudla
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ne-retinopathy nazo ziphathwa ezinye izindlela, ezinye iziguli zibekelwa inkambo yokudla kokudla. Manje emashalofini emakhemisi kunezindlela eziningi zokudla ezenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. I-Glucosil ingaba isidakamizwa esinjalo, kumele idakwe kathathu ngosuku ngesikhathi sokudla, isikhathi sokwelashwa sivela ezinyangeni ezintathu. Njengengxenye yesidakamizwa, okukhishwa izitshalo zokwelapha, izakhi ezilandelwayo, i-bioadditive kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kweglucose.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela se-retinopathy ziphathwa ngama-phytosarves Arfazetin, Sadifit. Igremu elilodwa lomuthi liqukethe amaqabunga e-0,2 g ama-stevia, amaqabunga obhontshisi, amahlumela we-blueberry, izimpande ze-Jerusalem artichoke, kanye ne-0,15 g yetiyi eluhlaza, i-0,05 g ye-peppermint. I-Fitosbor ithululela u-300 ml wamanzi abilayo, bopha ngethawula bese ugcizelela imizuzu engama-60. Thatha ukumnika kathathu ngosuku ngengxenye yengilazi, kunconywa ukuthatha inkambo ephelele - izinsuku ezingama-20-30.
Uma isiguli sine-retinopathy engavimbi kakhulu, sinikezwa i-Arfazetin, umuthi uqukethe i-chamomile yokwelapha, utshani baseSt. Kuyadingeka ukuthulula imichilo emi-2 yomkhiqizo ngamanzi abilayo, uwuthathe ufudumele amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyinyanga eyi-1.
Lapho ukhula ngokuxhamazela, iqoqo elihlukile lizosebenza kahle, udinga ukuthatha isilinganiso esilinganayo:
- amaqabunga ekhonkwane kanye nemifino;
- i-burdock izimpande;
- amaqabunga e-peppermint;
- amaqabunga e-lingonberry;
- Birch
- ibhele.
Ukuqanjwa kwalokhu kufaka phakathi i-nettle, knotweed, amaqabunga obhontshisi, i-amaranth, i-articoke yaseJerusalema, utshani bezimbuzi .. isipuni seqoqo sithululelwa ngo-500 ml wamanzi abilayo, afakwe ihora, sihlungiwe, sithathwe engxenyeni yengilazi izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.
Inkambo yokwelashwa izinyanga ezintathu.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Diabetesic retinopathy
Ukwelashwa kwe-retinopathy kuhlobo 2 sikashukela kuya ngesifo esiqinile, futhi kufaka nezindlela zokwelapha eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-pathological, kunobulungiswa bokubhekana nenkambo yokwelashwa, kukhonjiswa umuthi wesikhathi eside ukuze unciphise ukuqina kwama-capillaries. Ama-angioprotectors anconyiwe: uPredian, Ditsinon, Doksium, Parmidin. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose egazini.
Ngokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zohlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela emithanjeni yegazi, ene-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, umuthi i-Sulodexide kufanele usetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ascorbic acid, i-Vitamin E, P, ama-antioxidants enziwe ngesisekelo sokukhishwa kwemvelo kwe-blueberry, i-beta-carotene iyathathwa. Umuthi weStyx usuzibonakalisile, ubhekana nokuqiniswa kwezindonga ze-vascular, ukuvikelwa emiphumeleni eyingozi yama-radicals wamahhala, futhi kuthuthukisa ukungaboni ngamehlo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukunika umjovo esweni.
Lapho ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela i-retinopathy kuveza izinguquko eziyingozi nezingathi sína, ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, ukuvuvukala kwendawo ephakathi ne-retina, nokuqubuka kwengqondo okukuyo, kuyadingeka ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-laser ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma isifo sikashukela i-retinopathy iboniswa inkambo enzima, kuboniswa ukuhlinzwa kwesisu.
I-maculopathy yesifo sikashukela, lapho indawo esemaphakathi ye-retina igcwala, ifomu lemithambo yegazi elisha, lifaka ukuqina kwe-laser retinal. Ngesikhathi senqubo, ugongolo lwe-laser lungena ezindaweni ezithintekile ngaphandle kokungeneka nge:
- ilensi;
- umzimba we-vitreous;
- ingqwababa;
- ikhamera yangaphambili.
Ngenxa ye-laser, kungenzeka ukwengeza izindawo ngaphandle komkhawulo wombono ophakathi, osusa amathuba okuba yindlala komoya-mpilo. Kulokhu, inqubo isiza ekubhubhiseni inqubo ye-ischemic e-retina, imithambo yegazi emisha iyeka ukuvela esigulini. Kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe kususa imithambo ye-pathological esele ikhona, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuvuvukala, iso alibukeki libomvu kangako.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi umgomo oyinhloko we-retinal coagulation ukuvikela ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu ze-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka ukufezekisa inhloso ngezigaba eziningana, kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku ezimbalwa, isikhathi senqubo singaba imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bangenele inqubo kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kwe-DA.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-laser, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuzwa ukungakhululeki, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa komuthi wendawo wokuhlukumeza wendawo. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwelashwa, i-fluorescence angiography iyadingeka ukuthola isimo se-retina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kunikezwe umuthi, kudonsa amaconsi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela nge-cryocoagulation kuvame ukwenziwa lapho isiguli:
- kunezinguquko ezinkulu ku-fundus;
- kwembula ukuphuma kwegazi okuningi okusha;
- ukuba khona kwemikhumbi emisha eyakhiwe.
Futhi, inqubo iyadingeka uma kungeke kwenzeke ukufeza i-laser coagulation kanye ne-vitrectomy (njengasesithombeni).
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ibonakaliswa yi-vitreous hemorrhage, uma ingaxazululi, udokotela wamehlo uzonquma i-vitrectomy. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo esezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, lapho izimbangi eziqinile zingazange zakheke. Manje ingozi yezinkinga ze-retinopathy kuhlobo 2 sikashukela incane. Inqubo ingenziwa ezinganeni, ingane ilungiselelwe inqubo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa i-vitreous, ukunqwabelana kwegazi, esikhundleni sakhe kunamafutha e-silicone noma i-saline. Izibazi ezibangela ukuqunjelwa nokugqabhuka:
- hlangana;
- hlangana nge-laser.
Ekwelapheni i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-normalization of metabolism ye-carbohydrate akuyona indawo yokugcina, ngoba i-hyperglycemia engakhokhelwanga ibangela ukwanda nokuqhubeka kwe-retinopathy. Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme kumele ziqedwe ngemithi ekhethekile elwa nesifo sikashukela. Udinga futhi ukuqapha indlela odla ngayo, unamathela ekudleni okune-carb ephansi nezidakamizwa zokungcwaba.
Isifo sikashukela i-retinopathy syndrome siphathwa udokotela wamehlo kanye ne-endocrinologist. Kuncike ekutheni kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ukusondela ngokuphelele ekwelashweni kwaso, kunamathuba wangempela wokwelapha lesi sifo, ulondoloze umbono ngokuphelele, ubuyise impilo ephelele nokusebenza.
Izindlela zokuvimbela, izinkinga ezingaba khona
Ukuvimbela i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kubandakanya ukugcina i-glycemia ejwayelekile, isinxephezelo esifanele se-carbohydrate metabolism, ukugcina umfutho wegazi, kanye nokulungisa imetabolism yamafutha. Lezi zinyathelo zinganciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga eziqhamuka ezinhlotsheni zombono.
Ukondliwa okufanele, ukusebenza ngokomzimba okulinganiselayo kushukela kusithinta kahle isimo esivamile sesiguli. I-prophylaxis yesikhathi se-proliferative diabetesic retinopathy esigabeni sekwephuzile sikashukela ayinanzuzo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo akunikezeli izimpawu ekuqaleni kwezifo zamehlo, iziguli zifuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma kuphela:
- hemorrhage ebanzi;
- ushintsho lwe-pathological endaweni ephakathi neso.
Izinkinga ezinkulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela ukucwilisa ukuqina kwengqondo, i-glaucoma yesibili ye-neovascular kanye ne-hemophthalmus. Izimo ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile kokuhlinzwa.
Imvamisa, ngaphezu kokwelashwa okulondolozayo kwesifo sikashukela, kunconyelwa ukuthi kwenziwe inkambo yemithi yamakhambi. Kukhonjiswa amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-Ginkgo biloba, omunye walezi zidakamizwa nguTanakan. Umuthi kufanele uphuzwe ithebhulethi engu-1 kathathu ngosuku, isikhathi sokwelashwa okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela iphathwa ngomunye umuthi - i-Neurostrong, yenziwa ngezakhi:
- ukukhishwa kwe-blueberry;
- i-lecithin;
- Amavithamini e-B;
- ginkgo biloba.
Umuthi usiza ukuthuthukisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo, wehlise amathuba okuba ne-thrombosis, kanye ne-retinal hemorrhage. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha umuthi izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku.
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela sesigaba sokuqala iphathwa nge-Dibicor, udinga ukuphuza umuthi amahlandla ayi-0,5 g ngosuku ngosuku, kufanelekile ukuthatha imishanguzo imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokudla. Inkambo yokwelashwa izinyanga eziyisithupha, isidakamizwa sithuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, sisiza ukwandisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezicubu zombili zamehlo.
Kukhona ezinye izidakamizwa ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-colostrum yobisi lwenkomo, umuthi onjalo ukhulisa ukungatheleleki komzimba. Phuza umuthi ama-2 amaphilisi ama-3-4 izikhathi ngosuku ngosuku izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ungathola umuthi ofanayo ngesimo samaconsi esweni.
Ukubonisana, kufanele uthinte ihhovisi le-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi i-retinopathy iyini nokuthi ukubhebhetheka kwesifo sikashukela kusithinta kanjani isimo sempilo, okufanele ukwenze ukuze ungaboni.
Imininingwane nge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
