Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ophthalmopathy kubonwa kuphambene nesizinda sokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela, okuyisifo esiyinhloko. I-Pathology ibangelwa ukuvela kokuphazamiseka ezinqubweni ze-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuvela kwe-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela kuhlotshaniswa nokwenzeka kokuphazamiseka komzimba, i-biochemical and immune immune emzimbeni. Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ekuqhubekeni kwesifo sikashukela izinguquko ezimweni zegazi nezinguquko odongeni lwe-vascular sohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Lezi zinguquko zivusa ukukhula kwezinqubo ze-pathological eziholela ekubukekeni indlala komoya-mpilo okungapheli ezingxenyeni zesitho sombono.
Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kuholela ekulimaleni kwe-retina. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela iqala ukukhula emzimbeni. Le Psychology, ngokwezibalo zezokwelapha, ilinganiselwa cishe kuma-70% awo wonke amacala akhonjwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela.
Ama-30% asele wemilandu ebikiwe ye-akhawunti yesifo sikashukela sokukhubazeka kwentuthuko:
- ikati lesifo sikashukela;
- i-rubeous glaucoma;
- i-blepharitis engapheli;
- i-cholazion;
- ukwehla kwesikhashana kwe-acuity ebonakalayo.
Uma kunesifo sikashukela emzimbeni, iziguli kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi ukuntuleka kokulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi kunomthelela ekuqhubekeni kwezinkinga ezinkulu emzimbeni ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esikhona.
Izinguquko esitholeni sombono ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, okuyi-complication ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela, kungukulimazeka kwesitho somqondo. Le nkinga kungenzeka kakhulu inesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ehlelweni lokuqhubeka kwesifo siguqukela odongeni lwe-vascular kuholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kombono noma ukulahleka kwaso ngokuphelele.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela njenge-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kuholela ezinguquko odongeni lwe-vascular of capillaries of eyeball, ngasikhathi sinye ukukhula okusebenzayo kwemikhumbi esanda kusungulwa.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinqubo, ukubonakala kwama-pathologies endaweni ye-macula kuqashelwa esweni lamehlo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela kungabonakala ezinhlotsheni eziningana ze-pathologies ye-optic nerve.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu noma kwalolo hlobo lwe-pathology kuncike kakhulu ezingeni lokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-pathology ebonisiwe ingahle ihambisane nezici zomzimba womuntu ogulayo.
Ama-pathologies ajwayelekile kakhulu ku-opic nerve yile:
- I-Atrophy yezinzwa ze-opic iyisifo esihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ebusheni. Le ndlela yokusebenza ibonakala ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo komuthi obonakalayo, ukuncishiswa kwe-angle yensimu yokubuka kanye nokufiphaza ama-discs ezinzwa zezinzwa.
- I-papillopathy yenzeka ngokuncipha kokugula okungaphansi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kuhambisana nokuvela kokuhlaselwa okubukhali kombono okufiphele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo sibonisa ngokubonakala kwe-edema ye-photosensitive nerve ne-corpus luteum.
- I-Anterior kanye ne-posterior neuropathy ye-ischemic genesis ibonakala ngokubonakala kwezimpawu ezinjengokwehla kokuphela kwesisekelo se-acuity ebonakalayo kanye nokuvela kwento enjalo njengokulahleka kwesigaba emkhakheni wokubuka.
Umphumela wokuthuthuka kwezinqubo ze-pathological ezikhulayo esigungwini sombono kungukulahlekelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kombono kanye nokuvela okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokuqina kwezinzwa.
Izimpawu kanye nezinkinga ezigulini ezine-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela
Ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni wesiguli kuhambisana nokuvela kokuphazamiseka ezinqubweni ze-miccirculation ku-conjunctiva yeso. Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha usebenzisa isibani se-slit ezigulini ezine-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela, kukhuphuka izinga lokuxoshwa kwama-venules, ukwanda kwama-capillaries ngesimo se-aneurysms kutholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sibonisa izimpawu zokubhujiswa kodonga lwe-capillary nokuqhekeka kwe-lumen yabo ngenxa yokwakheka kwezihibe zegazi.
Enye yezimpawu zokuthuthuka emzimbeni wesiguli esiguliswa isifo sikashukela yi-ophthalmopathy yesifo sikashukela ukukhomba kwezimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwemithambo ngesikhathi kuhlolwa i-iris. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuvezwa i-neovascularization, equkethe ukwanda kokuqalwa kwemikhumbi emisha.
Ngokuqhubeka kwale nqubo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-rubeosis, i-iris ilahlekelwa ukuhamba kwayo kwemvelo nokuhamba, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu emathubeni wokunwetshwa kwe-iris ngemithi.
Ukuqhubeka kwenqubo kuphazamisa ukuphuma kwe-intraocular fluid. Okukhuthaza ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-intraocular kanye nokuqhubekela phambili kwezinkinga ezifana nesifo sikashukela se-diabetes.
Imvamisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-rubeous glaucoma kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwezihlwathi, ukuqaqamba kwezitho zomzimba nokuqaqanjelwa kwezinzwa.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngenxa yokuncipha kokungavikeleki kwendawo kanye nokujwayelekile, bathambekele kakhulu ezicini zokucindezela nezifo zesifo esithathelwanayo.
Ukwehla kwezindawo zokuvikela umzimba kuholela ekutheni i-ophthalmopathy iveze njengezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezithinta i-conjunctiva ne-cornea.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-pathological akudluli i-lens. Umthamo walesi sakhi sohlelo lwe-iso lonyuka, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwegumbi elingaphandle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamabala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uhlola iso esigulini, kutholakala buthaka imishini yokuqina kwemisipha.
Ukwehla kwamandla emishini ye-lens kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqunjelwa.
Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwe-endocrine ophthalmopathy kanye nezinto zobungozi
Ehlelweni lokukhulisa le nkinga, ehambisana nokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela, izigaba ezimbili ziyahlukaniswa - isigaba senqubo yokuvuvukala esebenzayo kanye nesigaba esingasebenzi.
Isigaba sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwenqubo yokuvuvukala sibonakaliswa ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zomlingiswa.
Ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwe-puffness ye-retrobulbar fiber kuvusa ukukhula kwayo kwevolumu. Ukuthuthuka kwe-puffness kuholela ekutheni i-fiber iqale ukukhipha i-eyeball ngaphandle, okuvusa ukubukeka kokusebenza kahle. Ngokukhula kwe-puffiness enzima, kunethuba eliphezulu lokucindezelwa kwe-opic nerve, ebangela ukuvela kwezimpawu ze-opic neuropathy.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukusakazwa kwe-edema kufinyelela emisipha ye-oculomotor, lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kwemoto futhi i-diplopia iqala ukuthuthukisa - umbono ophindwe kabili. Ngokukhula kwesifo esinzima, kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli sibe ne-strabismus.
Endabeni yokuqhubeka kokugqwala, i-exophthalmos ingakhula. Okuphawuleka ngokungavalwa kwamajwabu amehlo kanye nomonakalo wokuqubuka kwamehlo.
Isigaba esingasebenzi sibonisa ukuncipha kancane kwenqubo yokuvuvukala. Lapho kwenzeka ifomu elincane le-ophthalmopathy, amathuba aphezulu okululama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubukeka kwemiphumela emzimbeni wesiguli.
Izici ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezifo zezifo ezilandelayo:
- ubulili besineke;
- ongowomjaho waseCaucasus;
- ukubhema okuhleliwe;
- izinto eziphindaphindwayo zokucindezela
- ukuqhubeka kwezifo zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona.
Isimo esibi kakhulu, i-fiber fibrosis, ikhathaza lesifo sikashukela, i-strabismus ne-diplopia ingakhula.
Izimiso nezindlela zokwelashwa kwe-ophthalmopathy
Njengoba indlela yesifo sikashukela ye-ophthalmopathy iyinkinga edidanayo ekuqhubekeni kwesifo sikashukela, ngokuyinhloko ihlotshaniswa noshintsho emazingeni kashukela egazini kanye nezinga lesinxephezelo sikashukela.
Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokulapha izinkinga, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli obekuzoba seduze nezinga lomzimba. Ngokwengeziwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi ijwayelekile i-parameter ye-salt-salt, protein kanye ne-lipid metabolism emzimbeni.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ukwelashwa kwezinkinga kwenziwa ngezindlela zokubambisa. Ukwelashwa ngezindlela zokulondolozeka kubandakanya ukulungiswa kohlelo olucacile lokuphuza imithi.
Lapho wenza uhlobo lokuthatha imithi, izidakamizwa ezivimbela i-thrombosis zifakiwe kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-regimen yokwelashwa kufanele ibe nama-antioxidants kanye nama-antiplatelet agents, izidakamizwa ze-immunocorrective kanye ne-enzymatic, umuthi we-steroid ne-non-steroid.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezidakamizwa, ukungeniswa kwemali emzimbeni kungenziwa ngomjovo, womabili ngesirinji nangesiwashi.
Esimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zohlobo 1 noma isifo sikashukela 2, lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlinzwa.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser coagulation ye-retina kanye nezindlela ezithile zokungenelela kwe-microsuction engxenyeni ye-vitreous yesitho sokubona.
Ungazigwema kanjani izinkinga zokubona ngesifo sikashukela uzotshelwa ngochwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
