I-Hyperglycemia iwuphawu lomtholampilo olubonakala ngeglucose ephezulu yegazi. Lesi simo sinamazinga ahlukene obukhulu. Kuyatholakala uma i-glycemia iphakeme kune-3.3-5.5 mmol / L.
Kodwa-ke, kwisifo sikashukela i-mellitus, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela emazingeni afanayo nakumuntu ophile kahle. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba seziguli, imingcele kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7.2 mmol / L esiswini esingenalutho futhi kungaphansi kwamahora ayi-10 mmol / L 2 ngemuva kokudla kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Uma izinkomba ezinjalo zigcinwa nsuku zonke, khona-ke ukubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, yiziphi ezinye izizathu ezingenza i-hyperglycemia? Yini izimpawu zayo futhi izinkomba zingahlelwa kanjani?
Kungani ukuqina koshukela kwegazi kukhuphuka?
Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-hyperglycemia. Lokhu kungaba ukukhulelwa, ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, noma izifo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ushukela wegazi ophakeme ubonakala ngesikhathi sehluleka ekucutshungweni kwama-carbohydrate, okwenzeka ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka okunamandla kwe-glucose yegazi kuphawulwa ngokuphila kokuhlala phansi, ukungondleki kanye nokushintshwa kwama-hormone. Futhi, izimbangela zingaba yimikhuba emibi kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kwezempilo ezithintekile ezithweni ezithile.
I-Hyperglycemia iyenzeka futhi iphikisana nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, lapho kunokungasebenzi kahle ekwenziweni kwama-hormone (ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuyanda). Izifo ezifana nalezi zifaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, isifo sikaCushing, i-thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma.
Ezinye izimbangela zokukhuculula ushukela egazini:
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile (ama-hormone, ama-steroid, okulawula ukuzalwa kanye nama-diuretics);
- izifo zesibindi (isimila, ihepatitis, cirrhosis);
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe (pancreatitis, tumors)
Ukuba khona kwe-hyperglycemia kunganqunywa yizimpawu ezimbalwa zezimpawu. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka ukulunywa isikhumba, ukoma, ukungaboni kahle, umlomo owomile, ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba kanye nokukhathala okusheshayo. Ubuhlungu bekhanda, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile, ukwanda kokuchama kanye nesiyezi kuvame ukuhambisana nokugxila kashukela omningi.
Ngokweqile kwe-glucose egazini, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokhu, isicanucanu, ukozela, ukugabha kungavela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwe-hyperglycemic coma, kubalulekile ukuthola lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi uthathe ngokushesha izinyathelo ezifanele.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuthola amazinga kashukela aphezulu, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezintathu eziyisisekelo. Ucwaningo lokuqala ukuzila ukudla kwegazi sutra. Indlela ye-Ortotoluidine ikuvumela ukuthi unqume okuqukethwe i-glucose ngaphandle kokubheka ezinye izinto zokunciphisa.
Kepha kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukuhlaziya okunje. Ngakho-ke, amahora ayi-12 phambi kwakhe, awukwazi ukudla, ukudlala imidlalo nokuthatha imishanguzo. Uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi amanani kashukela angaphezulu kokujwayelekile, khona-ke izifundo ezingeziwe zenziwa.
Ezimweni zokuma, indlela yokulayisha isetshenziswa kaningi. Umongo wayo ulele ekutheni isiguli sinikela ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho bese kuthi siphathwe umthamo othile kashukela.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, kwenziwa isampula yegazi lesibili. Uma imiphumela yakamuva isuka ku-11 mmol / L, lapho kutholakala khona i-hyperglycemia
Uma kunesidingo, isifundo sokwehlisa ukucolisiswa singenziwa. Ngenqubo, izinkomba ezinjenge-creatinine, i-ergonin, i-uric acid zinganqunywa. Uma kunesidingo, udokotela unquma izivivinyo zokuhlonza izinkinga ezihlobene, ngokwesibonelo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela sezinzwa.
Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi i-hyperglycemia kuphela uphawu olubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ezithile nezitho zomzimba. Umphumela oyingozi kakhulu walesi simo yi-ketoacidosis, lapho okuqukethwe izidumbu ze-ketone kukhuphuka, okuvame ukwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
I-Hyperglycemic coma iyingozi ngoba ibangela ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, i-arrhythmia, ketonuria, ukomisa kanye nokuqhubeka kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, lapho i-pH yehla yaya ku-6.8, ukufa komtholampilo kwenzeka.
Ungawashintsha kanjani amazinga kashukela?
Ushukela omkhulu wegazi kufanele uncishiswe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Isiguli sinqunyelwe ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokudla.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, isiguli sidinga ukuphathwa i-insulin impilo yonke. Ngesifo sohlobo 2, amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela (isb. ISiofor) kuvame ukunqunywa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza komzimba kufaka isandla ku-glycemia. Kodwa-ke, umthwalo kufanele ube olinganiselayo futhi ukhethwe ngawodwa esigulini ngasinye.
Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kwesifo sikashukela kufanele kube nsuku zonke, ungazikhethela: ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, i-aerobics yamanzi, i-badminton noma ithenisi. Ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu, kungakuhle ukuthi uzivocavoce nsuku zonke isigamu sehora.
Nge-hyperglycemia, ikakhulukazi evela kwisifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukulinganisela ekudleni kwamaprotheni, amakhalori namafutha, kungafakwa ama-carbohydrate asheshayo kuwo.
Uma ushukela uphezulu, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- amakhowe;
- ukudla kwasolwandle (ama-lobster, crabs, lobster);
- iklabishi elimhlophe, i-broccoli;
- ushizi wesokisi;
- izinongo (lwesinaphi, izimpande ze-ginger);
- ulethisi, isipinashi;
- ithanga, zucchini;
- soya;
- ezinye izithelo (i-cherry, i-grapefruit, i-avocado, ulamula);
- uwoyela odlwenguliwe futhi onamafutha;
- ama-legumes (i-lentils) nezinhlamvu (i-oatmeal);
- amantongomane
- imifino - izaqathe, utamatisi, u-anyanisi, omnandi ngaphambili, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, ukhukhamba nokuningi.
Ukudla kuyinto ebalulekile evumela ukuthi kungeke kuphela amazinga kashukela egazi, kepha futhi kuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukwenza ngcono impilo yonke kanye nokukhipha amaphawundi angeziwe.
Nge-hyperglycemia ebangelwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lokho kudla kufanele kulandelwe impilo yonke. Futhi esimweni sesifo sohlobo 2, umsebenzi oyinhloko wezondlamzimba ukulungisa isisindo.
Kubantu abane-hyperglycemia engamahlalakhona, kudalwe amatafula athile. Zibonisa amayunithi esinkwa (1 XE = 10 amagremu ama-carbohydrate) yemikhiqizo eminingi.
Ehlelweni lokukhetha ukudla, ushukela, ipasta, ukudla okucolisisiwe, isinkwa esimhlophe, amafutha anciphisayo, i-semolina nelayisi kufanele kungafakwa noma kukhawulelwe. Okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe kuma-carbohydrate aphambili futhi namaprotheni, ungakhohlwa ukugcina ibhalansi yama-asidi e-polyunsaturated futhi egcwele amafutha.
Kunconywa ukuthi uthathe ukudla ngokwezingxenyana, wephule imenyu yansuku zonke ekudleni okuyi-3 kokudla okuyisisekelo noku-3. Uma kungekho isisindo ngokweqile kanye nezinkinga, kwanele ukuthi umuntu onesifo esingama-hyperglycemia esingapheli adle amakhalori angaba ngu-2 000 ngosuku.
Imenyu yesibonelo ibukeka kanjena:
- Ukudla kwasekuseni - i-buckwheat / oatmeal, isinkwa esinsundu (amagremu ama-40 ngalinye), ubisi (inkomishi 1), iqanda elilodwa, ibhotela (amagremu ama-5).
- Isidlakela - ushizi ophansi onamafutha amancane nezithelo ezivunyelwe (amagremu ayi-100 ngalinye), isinkwa esinsundu (25 amagremu).
- Isidlo sasemini - amazambane nenyama ethambile (amagremu ayi-100 ngayinye), isinkwa esinsundu (amagremu angama-50), imifino (amagremu angama-200), izithelo ezomisiwe (amagremu ama-20), uwoyela wemifino (isipuni 1).
- Ukudla okulula - ubisi nezithelo (amagremu ayi-100 ngalinye), isinkwa esinsundu (25 amagremu).
- Ukudla isidlo sasemini kuzoba isidlo semifino yohlobo lwes 2 diabetes lapho kusetshenziswa amafutha omnqumo (10 amagremu), ukudla kwasolwandle noma inhlanzi enamafutha amancane (amagremu angama-80), izithelo, isinkwa (25 amagremu).
- Isidlakela - i-kefir enamafutha amancane (inkomishi 1), isinkwa (25 amagremu).
Kungenzeka futhi ukubuyisela le mikhiqizo ngokudla okugunyaziwe, ngokuqukethwe kwekhalori okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni se-cottage shizi, ungasebenzisa inyama noma inhlanzi, imifino - izithelo, okusanhlamvu nebhotela - ukhilimu no-ukhilimu omuncu.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo zokuthi ungalinciphisa kanjani ushukela wegazi ngokushesha.
