Namuhla, isifo sikashukela siba yisifo esijwayelekile eRussia. Futhi uma phambilini bebevame ukugula ngabantu abavuthiwe nabadala, namuhla kuvame ukuthinta izinsizwa nezintokazi ezingafikanga eminyakeni engama-30.
Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila engenampilo eqondiswa amaRussia amaningi, okuwukusebenzisa amanani amakhulu okudla okungenamsoco, ukudla okulula neminye imikhiqizo engeyona eyemvelo, umsebenzi wokuhlala phansi, ezemidlalo ezingandile nokuphuza njalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isifo sikashukela sivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphinyisiwe, okwenza kube nzima ukuxilongwa kwaso ngesikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini okujwayelekile ushukela wegazi phakathi nomuntu ophile kahle, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ukuqala kwalesi sifo ngesikhathi.
Imikhuba yoshukela kumuntu onempilo phakathi nosuku
Kunezindlela ezimbili i-glucose engena ngazo egazini lomuntu - kusuka emathunjini ngesikhathi sokutholwa kokudla nokuvela kumaseli wesibindi njenge-glycogen. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwanda koshukela wegazi, okuthi kumuntu ophilile uguquke ebangeni elilingana nelincane.
Uma umuntu engenaso isifo sikashukela, akhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, bese izicubu zangaphakathi zingalahlekelwe umuzwa wakhe, khona-ke ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kukhuphuka isikhashana. I-insulin isiza amaseli ukuthola ushukela futhi awenze amandla, okudingeka kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba, futhi ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwezinzwa.
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile akuvezi njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungaba ngumphumela wokuxineka, ukuzikhandla ngamandla, noma ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwe-carb ephezulu. Kepha uma ukugcwala koshukela emzimbeni kugcinwa ezingeni eliphakeme izinsuku eziningana zilandelana, khona-ke kulokhu umuntu kudingeka ahlolwe isifo sikashukela.
Isimo sikashukela wegazi phakathi nosuku:
- Ekuseni ngemuva kokulala esiswini esingenalutho - izigidi ezingama-3.5-5,5 zamamilimitha ngelitha;
- Usuku nobusuku ngaphambi kokudla - amamitha ayisigidi esingu-3.8-6.1 ilitha ngalinye;
- Ihora eli-1 ngemuva kokudla - akukho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayisishiyagalombili ngelitha;
- 2 amahora emva kokudla - akukho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-6.7 ilitha ngalinye;
- Ebusuku ngesikhathi sokulala - ubuningi bamamilimitha ayi-3.9 ilitha ngalinye.
Okujwayelekile ushukela wegazi kwabanesifo sikashukela:
- Ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho - ama-millimili angama-5-7,2 ilitha ngalinye;
- Ngemuva kwamahora amabili sidlile, akukho ngaphezu kwamamililitha ayi-10 ilitha ngalinye.
Njengoba ubona, amazinga kashukela egazi lomuntu ophilile futhi ogulayo aguquka ngokushisayo usuku lonke. Lapho umuntu elambile, ukugcotshwa kweglucose kwehlela uphawu olusezingeni eliphansi, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla kufinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Uma umuntu engenakho ukuphazamiseka ku-carbohydrate metabolism, khona-ke ukuguquguquka okunjalo akuyona ingozi kuye. Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwama-pancreas kuqinisekisa ukumuncwa ngokushesha kwe-glucose, lapho kungasinaso isikhathi sokwenza noma yikuphi ukulimaza umzimba.
Isimo sihluke ngokuphelele kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngalesi sifo, ukushoda okukhulu kwe-insulin kuzwakala emzimbeni womuntu noma amaseli alahlekelwe umuzwa wawo ngale hormone. Ngalesi sizathu, kuma-diabetes, amazinga kashukela wegazi angafinyelela amamaki abucayi futhi aqhubeke kuleli zinga isikhathi eside.
Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekulimazeni okukhulu kwezinhlelo zenhliziyo nezinzwa, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho kudale ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zenhliziyo, ukwanda kokubonakala okubonakalayo, ukubukeka kwezilonda ezindexekile emilenzeni kanye nezinye izinkinga eziyingozi.
Ungalawula kanjani ushukela wegazi
Ukulawula ushukela wegazi phakathi nosuku, kufanele uthenge idivaysi eyenzelwe le nhloso - i-glucometer. Sebenzisa imitha kulula kakhulu, ngoba lokhu udinga ukubhoboza umunwe ngenaliti emincane kakhulu, ukhiphe ithonsi legazi elincane bese ucwilisa umucu wokuhlola obekwe kumamitha kuyo.
Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-glucose phakathi nosuku zizokuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ngokweqile ushukela wegazi ngesikhathi futhi uthole ushukela kusenesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi impumelelo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela incike kakhulu ekuxilongeni okufika ngesikhathi.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela. Ngosuku lwabo, kubalulekile ukulawula ushukela usuku lonke, ukukhumbula ukukala amazinga kashukela ngemuva kokudla. Uma ngabe le nkomba idlula uphawu lwe-7 mmol / l izinsuku eziningana zilandelana, mhlawumbe mhlawumbe lolu uphawu lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ngubani ongathola isifo sikashukela:
- Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi labo abanokukhuluphala okuphezulu;
- Iziguli ezihlushwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme);
- Abesifazane ababelethe ingane enesisindo somzimba esingu-4 kg noma ngaphezulu;
- Abesifazane ababenesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngenkathi bezala ingane;
- Abantu abanesifo sofuzo esisoshukela;
- Iziguli ezihlaselwe yisifo sohlangothi noma inhliziyo;
- Bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya phezulu.
Ukuhambisana okungenani nelilodwa lalawa maphuzu kusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele abheke kakhulu impilo yakhe futhi avakashele i-endocrinologist kaningi ukusiza ukuthola ukunqwabelana kwephancreatic.
Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi yiziphi izici ezinomphumela omkhulu kumazinga kashukela usuku lonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa njalo kotshwala, ukubhema ugwayi, ukucindezelwa okungapheli, ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ze-hormone.
Imvamisa, ukuze wehlise kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela, kwanele ukumane ushintshe indlela ophila ngayo, okungukuthi, ukukhipha konke ukudla okunamafutha, okumnandi, okunosawoti, kokudla kwakho kwansuku zonke bese unamathela ekudleni okune-carb ephansi, uvivinya umzimba njalo futhi uqede imikhuba emibi.
Ungalinganisa kanjani ushukela wegazi
Imitha yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuze abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma nje ukunakekela impilo yabo bakwazi ukukala ushukela wegazi labo ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya. Izindleko zemitha zincike kwikhwalithi yensiza nomenzi wayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, intengo yale divayisi emadolobheni aseRussia ihluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1000 kuya kwangama-5000.
Iqoqo lokuzilinganisa kwezinga le-glucose ngaphezu kwensiza ngokwayo ifaka iqoqo lemichilo yokuhlola kanye ne-lancet. ILancet iyithuluzi elikhethekile lokubhoboza isikhumba emunweni. Ifakwe ngenaliti emincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke le nqubo yenziwa cishe ngaphandle kobuhlungu futhi ayishiyi monakalo omkhulu emunweni.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukusebenzisa i-glucometer akunzima nakancane. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho bese womile ngethawula elihlanzekile. Bese ubhoboza umunwe nge-lancet bese ucindezela ngobumnene phezu komcamelo kuze kuvele ithonsi legazi.
Okulandelayo, beka ithonsi legazi emgqeni wokuhlola owawufakwe kumamitha bese ulinda imizuzwana embalwa kuze kufike lapho kufika ushukela wegazi esikrinini sedivaysi. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo ezingenhla, khona-ke leso silinganiso esizimele sikashukela ngokunemba kwaso ngeke sibe ngaphansi kocwaningo lwelabhoratri.
Ukulawulwa okuthembekile kwamazinga kashukela wegazi, kwanele ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabi ngaphezu kane ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela kufanele iqoshwe kumashadi nsuku zonke, okuzokuvumela ukulandelela ukuguquguquka kweshukela kusisekelo sezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi uqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukwanda koshukela wegazi.
Isilinganiso sokuqala se-glucose kufanele senziwe ekuseni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuka. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla kokuqala. Isilinganiso sesithathu kufanele senziwe ngemuva kwasemini, bese okwesine kusihlwa ngaphambi kokulala.
Ebantwini abaphilile, indlela ejwayelekile yoshukela wegazi kusuka emunweni, kungakhathalekile ubulili kanye nobudala, kulo lonke usuku kuvame ukuhlala kububanzi ukusuka ku-4,15 kuye ku-5.35 mmol / L Hhayi nje kuphela ama-dysfunctions we-pancreatic, kepha futhi nokudla okungenakulinganiswa nenani eliphansi lemifino namakhambi amasha kungathinta lesi sikhombisi.
Kumuntu ophile kahle, amazinga kashukela okuzila ngokuvamile ayi-3.6 kuye ku-5.8 mmol / L. Uma lidlula i-7 mmol / L izinsuku eziningana, khona-ke kuleli cala, umuntu kufanele abonane nodokotela we-endocrinologist ukuthola izimbangela zokuxineka okukhulu kwe-glucose. Imbangela ejwayelekile kashukela wegazi kubantu abadala uhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Lapho ulinganisa ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le nkomba incike kakhulu kunani nekhwalithi yokudla. Ngakho-ke ukuphuzwa kokudla okune-carbohydrate kungadala ukugxuma okubukhali kushukela wegazi, ngisho nakubantu abaphilile. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kumaswidi ahlukahlukene, kanye nezitsha zamazambane, ilayisi kanye ne-pasta.
Umphumela ofanayo ungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okuningi futhi okunama-khalori amaningi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla okusheshayo. Futhi, iziphuzo ezimnandi, ezinjengezithelo zezithelo, yonke inhlobo yeshukela, kanye netiye elinamasipuni ambalwa kashukela kungathinta namazinga kashukela egazini.
Ekuhlolweni kwegazi ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, izinga le-glucose ngesikhathi se-carbohydrate metabolism ejwayelekile kufanele lisuke ku-3.9 liye ku-6.2 mmol / L.
Izinkomba ezisuka ku-8 kuye ku-11 mmol / l zibonisa ukuba khona kwe-prediabetes kumuntu, futhi zonke izinkomba ezingenhla kwe-11 zikhombisa ngokusobala ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Uma umuntu enamathela emithethweni yokudla okunempilo futhi ehola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, kepha izinga likashukela egazini lakhe lidlula inani elivumelekile, khona-ke lokhu cishe kukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Le ndlela yesifo sikashukela yi-autoimmune emvelweni ngakho-ke ingathinta abantu abanesisindo esijwayelekile nemikhuba enempilo.
Ushukela wegazi ophakeme awuvezi njalo ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela. Kukhona ezinye izifo, ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okungahle kuhambisane nokwanda kokuxineka kwe-glucose ku-plasma. Ngakho-ke, ungaqokomisa izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ezilezwe ngezansi:
- Ukomela ngokweqile, isiguli singaphuza kuze kufike kumalitha ama-5 amanzi uketshezi ngosuku;
- Umphumela omningi womchamo; isiguli kwesinye isikhathi siba nama-enuresis asebusuku;
- Ukukhathala, ukungasebenzi kahle;
- Indlala enkulu, isiguli sinesifiso esikhethekile samaswidi;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okumangalisayo ngenxa yokwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- Ukudonsa umzimba wonke, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni;
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo, eshiwo kakhulu okhalweni naku-perineum;
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo;
- Ukonakala kokupholiswa kwamanxeba nokusikeka;
- Ukuvela kwama-pustule emzimbeni;
- I-thrush ejwayelekile kwabesifazane;
- Ukuwohloka komsebenzi wobulili kubantu besilisa.
Ukuba khona okungenani kwalezi zibonakaliso kufanele kuqwashise umuntu futhi kube yisizathu esibalulekile sokuxilongwa sikashukela.
Kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko, udokotela uzokhuluma ngesimo sokuzila ushukela wegazi.
