Umbuzo wokuthi ungakuthola kanjani ukukhubazeka kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela uyimpikiswano enkulu. Ngenxa yentuthuko yezindlela zokwelashwa nezindlela zokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini, namuhla isifo sikashukela ezimeni eziningi, ngokuphathwa okufanele, akubeki usongo empilweni, njengoba bekunamashumi eminyaka edlule.
Kepha kunoma yikuphi, ukuthengwa kwezidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela samaqembu ahlukene kudinga imali ebalulekile, ezobiza hhayi kuphela kumuntu ohola impesheni, kodwa futhi nezakhamizi ezisebenzayo eziphoqelelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho zondle imindeni yazo.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela ngokuyinhloko yisifo esingamahlalakhona esidinga ukubhekwa njalo. Izimbangela zalesi sifo zivame ukuvela kwezinye izifo ezedlule. Isibonelo, imbangela yesifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi ukwephula isibindi, ngokwesibonelo, i-pancreatitis.
Isifo sikashukela sibuye siqale emva kokugula okunegciwane. Kusungulwe ukuthi ifa lidlala indima enkulu ekwakheni ukumelana ne-insulin. Imbangela ingaba yizifo ze-autoimmune, kufaka phakathi i-thyroiditis - izinqubo zokuvuvukala ze-gland yegilo.
Ngalesi sizathu, ngisho noma sinesifo sikashukela esingancikileli i-insulin, iziguli eziningi kungenzeka ukuthi zikhubazeke. Isibonelelo esivela kuhulumeni sokwelashwa besiyokwenza lula impilo. Kepha ekusebenzeni, kuvela ukuthi ukuthola ukukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela akuyona into engenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ngabe ukwelashwa sekuvele kunzima.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela kunikeza nokuthi yini ethinta isinqumo sekhomishini ukwenza isinqumo esinjalo.
Izimo zanamuhla zokukhubazeka
Njengamanje, njengoba sekushiwo, ukukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela akubelwe ngokuzenzakalela. Imithetho ephathelene nokuqokwa kweqembu esigulini iye yaqiniswa ngandlela thile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi kuye kwaba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukukhubazeka eqenjini lesifo sikashukela seqembu 2.
Ngokuya nge-oda loMnyango Wezabasebenzi langoSepthemba 29, 2014, ukukhubazeka kungatholakala ngesinqumo sekhomishini, okufanele isuselwe kwizizathu eziningi.
Lapho uthatha isinqumo, ikhomishini yezokwelapha ayibheki nje kuphela hhayi ukuthi ukuxilongwa ngokwayo njengobukhona noma ukungabikho kwezinkinga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo okubangelwa ukukhula kwesifo, okwenza umuntu angakwazi ukusebenza, kanye nokungabi namandla okuzenzela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwenkambo yesifo kanye nethonya lethonya lokuhola indlela yokuphila ejwayelekile kungathonya nesinqumo sokuthi ngabe iqembu libekelwe isifo sikashukela yini.
Uma ubheka izibalo-ke, kungakhathalekile ukuthi izwe linjani, ngokwesilinganiso ama-4-8% abahlali atholakala enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kulaba, ama-60% anikeze ukukhubazeka.
Kepha ngokuvamile, umuntu akakwazi ukubhekwa njengento engafanele yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lokhu kungenzeka kuncike ekuqalisweni ngqo kwezincomo: ukunamathela ekunakekelweni okufanele, thatha imishanguzo futhi uqaphe njalo izinguquko kushukela wegazi.
Izinhlobo zokuhlukumezeka kwe-pathological
Isiguli sinqunywe amazinga ahlukahlukene okhubazeko, kuya ngohlobo lokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo.
Isigaba ngasinye sinikezwa ezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Ngokuya ngobulukhuni bezibonakaliso, kunikezwa amaqembu akhubazekile ambalwa.
Iqembu I lokukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela libekelwa ama-pathologies angathi sína ahambisana nalesi sifo:
- Encephalopathy
- I-Ataxia
- I-Neuropathy
- I-Cardiomyopathy
- I-Nephropathy,
- Imikhuba evamile ephindaphindwayo ye-hypoglycemic.
Ngalezi zinkinga ezinzima, umuntu ulahlekelwa yikhono lokuphila impilo ejwayelekile, angakwazi ukuzinakekela, udinga usizo njalo ezihlotsheni.
Iqembu lesibili libekwa ukwephula okusobala kwempilo yomzimba noma yengqondo:
- i-neuropathy (isigaba II);
- encephalopathy
- ukungaboni kahle (isigaba I, II).
Ngokubonakaliswa okunjalo, isimo sesiguli siba sibi kakhulu, kepha lokhu akuhlali kuholele ekungabikhona kokunyakaza nokuzinakekela. Uma izimpawu zingaveli kahle futhi umuntu angazinakekela, ukukhubazeka akubeki.
Iqembu II - libekelwe ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, amaphaphu noma ama-pathologies asesilinganisweni.
Isifo sikashukela esingancikile e-insulin, ngaphandle uma sibhekwa ezinye izinkinga zezempilo, akuyona inkomba yokunquma kwabanesifo sikashukela seqembu.
Izimo zokukhubazeka nezinzuzo
Ochwepheshe bekhomishini bathatha isinqumo esihle ngokuqokwa kokukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela seqembu lesibili kwezinye izimo. Okokuqala, lokhu kungubudala - izingane nentsha inokukhubazeka (ngaphandle kweqembu), kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo.
Iqembu lizonikezwa ukwephulwa okunamandla kwezinhlelo zomzimba ezibangelwa izinga eliphakeme loshukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Neuropathy (isigaba II, phambi kwe-paresis),
- Uhlobo olungapheli lokwehluleka kwezinso
- Encephalopathy
- Ukwehliswa okuphawulekayo kwe-acuity ebonakalayo noma ukulahleka okuphelele kombono kushukela.
Uma isiguli singakwazi ukusebenza, singakwazi ukuzisebenzela, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kunqunyelwe ukukhubazeka kweqembu II.
Wonke umuntu onokukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela unelungelo lemithi yamahhala ne-insulin. Ngaphezu kwemithi, iqembu lama-invalids leqembu nginikezwa ama-glucometer, imichilo yokuhlola, kanye nama-syringes mahhala. Kubantu abakhubazekile eqenjini lesifo sikashukela II, imithetho yehlukile. Inani lemichilo yokuhlolwa izingcezu ezingama-30 (1 ngosuku) uma kungadingeki ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Uma i-insulin inikezwa isiguli, khona-ke inani lemichilo yokuhlola lenyuka laba izingcezu ezingama-90 ngenyanga. Ngoshukela i-insulin therapy noma umbono ophansi kubantu abakhubazekile beqembu II, kukhishwa i-glucometer.
Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zinikezwa iphakethe ephelele yomphakathi. Bathola ilungelo lokuphumula esanatorium kanye ngonyaka, kuthi umgwaqo oya esikhungweni nasemuva ukhokhelwe nguhulumeni kuphela. Izingane ezikhubazekile azikhokhelwa nje kuphela endaweni ye-sanatorium, kodwa futhi nezindleko nendawo yokuhlala yomuntu omdala ohambisana naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole zonke izidakamizwa kanye ne-glucometer edingekayo yokwelashwa.
Ungathola imali nezidakamizwa kunoma yiliphi ikhemisi elixhaswe yisimo ngomuthi onikezwe wona. Uma omunye umuthi edingeka ngokuphuthumayo (imvamisa udokotela ubeka uphawu eceleni kwale mithi), ungatholwa ngemuva kokukhipha umuthi, kodwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10.
Izidakamizwa ezingaphuthumi zitholakala kungakapheli inyanga, nezidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-psychotropic - zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 ukutholwa incwadi kadokotela.
Imibhalo Yokukhubazeka
Uma kunama-pathologies angathi sína abangelwa yisifo sikashukela, uma umuntu edinga usizo njalo nemijovo ye-insulin ejwayelekile, unikezwa iqembu lesibili. Kuyasiza-ke ukwazi ukuthi ungahlela kanjani ukukhubazeka.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela imibhalo enikeza ilungelo lokuthola iqembu. Okokuqala, isitatimende esivela esigulini uqobo. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, abameli bezomthetho nabo benza isitatimende.
Ikhophi yepasipoti kufanele ifakwe kwisicelo (sezingane ezincane, isitifiketi sokuzalwa kanye nekhophi yepasipoti yomzali noma yomgadi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola ukukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela, udinga ukuthatha incwadi yokudlulisela noma inkantolo.
Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bokulimala kwempilo, isiguli kufanele sinikeze ikhomishini yonke imibhalo eqinisekisa umlando wezokwelapha kanye nekhadi eliphumela ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka isitifiketi semfundo ukuthola ukukhubazeka. Uma isiguli sithola imfundo kuphela, kuyadingeka ukuthola idokhumenti esikhungweni semfundo - incazelo yomsebenzi wokufundisa.
Uma isiguli siqashwe ngokusemthethweni, ukubhaliswa kweqembu kuyadingeka ukwethula ikhophi yesivumelwano, kanye nekhophi yencwadi yomsebenzi, eqinisekiswe ngumsebenzi womnyango wezisebenzi. Futhi, lo mnyango kufanele ulungiselele idokhumenti echaza uhlobo nezimo zokusebenza.
Lapho uhlolwa kabusha, ukhipha isitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukukhubazeka, nedokhumenti echaza ngohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha, lapho izinqubo esezigcwalisiwe kufanele zibhalwe phansi.
Umbono Wesazi Sezokwelapha
Iqembu lokukhubazeka kohlobo lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela engilabelwe ngemuva kokuba isiguli sithola uchungechunge lokuhlolwa okwenziwa ochwepheshe lapho luhlolwa.
Lesi silinganiso sikuvumela ukuthi unqume hhayi kuphela isimo sesiguli, kodwa futhi uhlole amandla akhe okusebenza, kanye nesikhathi sokulashwa esilinganisiwe.
Isiphetho ngemuva kokuhlolwa sikhishwe ngesisekelo salezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zezifundo:
- isifundo somchamo negazi le-hemoglobin, i-acetone noshukela;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-renal biochemical;
- ukuhlolwa kwesibindi;
- i-electrocardiogram;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologic;
- ukuhlolwa ngudokotela oyi-neurologist ukuze ahlole izinga lokuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa.
Iziguli zehlulekile ukunquma uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela esidinga ukuthi sidingide kudingeka ukuthi luhlolwe ngudokotela ohlinzayo, singene ochungechungeni lwezinqubo zokuthola i-gangrene ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nezilonda ezinde kakhulu.
Ukubona i-nephropathy, enikeza ukukhubazeka ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, isiguli kudingeka sithathe amasampula eZimnitsky neReberg.
Uma kutholakala izinkinga ezifakwe kuhlu, ochwepheshe bekhomishini banganika isiguli iqembu labakhubazekile elihambisana nobunzima bokubonakala kwesifo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ikhomishini ibingakuboni kunesidingo ukukhubazeka okufanelekile koshukela. Ungathuki noma ucasuke, njengoba isimo sisengalungiswa - ngalokhu udinga ukufaka isikhalo isinqumo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungakapheli inyanga yekhalenda (izinsuku ezingama-30) kusukela kutholile ukwenqaba, nikeza isitatimende sokungavumelani. Ungathumela lo mbhalo ngeposi elibhalisiwe, kepha kungcono ukuwudlulisela esikhungweni lapho kuhlolwe khona isiguli. Abasebenzi be-ITU kufanele bathumele lolu hlelo ehhovisi elikhulu.
Umnqamulajuqu wokuhambisa imibhalo yizinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Uma ngalesi sikhathi abasebenzi bengazange bathumele isicelo, isiguli sinelungelo lokufaka isikhalazo. Ezinye izinsuku ezingama-30 zingadingeka ukuthi zibukeze icala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sinelungelo lokuhlolwa okwesibili nabanye ochwepheshe. Uma kutholakele ukwenqaba ezimbili, isiguli singaya enkantolo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwethula yonke imiphumela yocwaningo, izincwadi ezibhaliwe ezivela ku-ITU. Isinqumo senkantolo asisafakwa ngaphansi kokuphikisa.
I-ITU izokhuluma ngemvelaphi yevidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
