Ushukela wegazi 17 uyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela futhi sibi kakhulu. Ukwanda okubabazekayo kokugxilwa kwe-glucose kuholela ekuphazamisweni kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, futhi kugxume umfutho wegazi.
Uma ungazinaki lezi zinkinga, ungathathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezihlose ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni, isimo sizokwanda, kufaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukoma, kanye nomphumela obulalayo.
Isifo sikashukela uqobo asibeki usongo ngqo empilweni yomuntu, futhi ngesinxephezelo esanele se-pathology, isiguli singaphila impilo ephelele. Kodwa-ke, amaconsi kashukela aholela ezinkingeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ezingaphenduki.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kungani ushukela 17 okuyisigaba esibucayi sokugxilisa ushukela emzimbeni, futhi yini okufanele uyenze kulesi simo? Kungani imijovo ye-insulin ingasizi, futhi kungani ushukela ukhuphuka emva kwabo?
Yiliphi “izinga elibucayi” loshukela?
Ngokuvamile, kumzimba womuntu onempilo, noma ikuphi ukuphambuka kokuhlushwa ushukela akujwayelekile. Ngokomqondo, ukukhuluma ngamanani, ukweqiwa kwamayunithi angaphezu kuka-7.8 kuyizinga elibucayi elisongela izinkinga eziningi.
Ngemuva komkhawulo obucayi obuphezulu, obuhlala izinsuku eziningana, izinqubo ze-pathological ezingenakulungiswa zivulwa emzimbeni womuntu okuholela ekuphazamisweni komsebenzi cishe wazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda se-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, amanani we-glucose angahluka kakhulu hhayi kuphela ngenyanga eyodwa, kepha usuku lonke. Ezimweni eziningi, afinyelela ngisho namanani abalulekile aze afike kumayunithi angama-50.
Ukwethula lesi simo ngokucace kakhudlwana, nokucacisa lesi sibalo, singasho ukuthi lesi simo sivezwa iqiniso lokuthi kwilitha elilodwa legazi lomuntu liqukethe izipuni ezimbili zikashukela.
Ukuhlukahluka koshukela kusuka kuma-unit ayi-13 nangaphezulu, kufaka phakathi i-17 mmol / l, kubonisa ingozi ethile emisebenzini yempilo ephelele. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokwanda okunjalo kwe-glucose kumchamo, kukhona imizimba ye-ketone.
Uma ushukela emzimbeni ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwamayunithi ayi-10, khona-ke ngobuningi bamacala kuzobhekwa umchamo womuntu. Kulolu khetho, kuyadingeka ukuyinciphisa ngokushesha, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu ukuphatha i-insulin.
Uma lesi simo singanakwa, khona-ke kunamathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa i-hypoglycemic coma.
Ushukela obulalayo
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, esinezinga le-glucose ezungeze amayunithi ayi-17, ubungozi bokuthola ikoma likashukela kukhuphuka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke iziguli eziba nesimo se-hyperglycemic ezinezinkomba ezifanayo.
Ezenzweni zokwelashwa, kunezimo lapho isiguli sine-glucose i-unit engaphezu kwama-20, kodwa azikho izimpawu ezishiwo zokwenyuka ushukela eziqaphelekile. Kulokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi inkomba ye-"glucose" ebulalayo iyohluka kuwo wonke umuntu.
Kunokwehlukahluka kwemitholampilo ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela, futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-pathology. Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ukuphuma komzimba, kanye ne-ketoacidosis, kukhula ngokushesha.
Kepha ngohlobo lwesibili lokugula, ukuphuma komzimba kuphela kuba yiziguli ngokushesha. Kepha akuvame ukuthiwa, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola umuntu kulesi simo.
Esimweni sikashukela esinzima, isiguli sakha ikomaacidotic coma. Njengomthetho, ibonwa ngohlobo lokuqala lokugula ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi simo se-pathological:
- Ushukela kumchamo, ukukhuphuka kwamandla adonsanayo omchamo ngosuku.
- Ukwanda okusheshayo komzimba.
- Imizimba yeKetone inqwabelana egazini, njengoba amaseli ethatha amandla ezinqwabeni zamafutha.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ikakhulukazi, isifiso esingapheli sokulala.
- Umlomo owomile.
- Isikhumba esomile.
- Kuvezwa iphunga elithile elivela emgodini womlomo.
- Ukuphefumula okunomsindo nokuphefumula kanzima.
Uma ushukela uqhubeka ukukhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, khona-ke kukhuphuka i-hyperosmolar coma, ebonakala ngokuxineka okuphezulu kakhulu koshukela emzimbeni, izinga layo lingaba amayunithi angama-55.
Izimpawu eziphambili zokukhohlisa:
- Ukuchama okuningana kaningi.
- Ukuqothuka kwenani elikhulu loketshezi. Ukwehluleka ukuqeda ukoma kwakho.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukulahleka kwenani lamaminerali.
- Ukomela, ukunganaki, ukuqina, ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
- Izici zobuso ezikhanyayo.
- Ukubonakala kokuphefumula komoya.
Ngezimpawu ezinjalo, ukunakwa kwezokwelapha kuphela kuzosiza ukuvikela umphumela obulalayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi into esemqoka ukweseka isiguli ngaphambi kokufika kodokotela, futhi azikho izindlela zokunciphisa ushukela ekhaya ezizosiza ukwenza isimo sibe yisijwayelekile.
Kungani i-insulin “ingasebenzi”?
Iziguli eziningi zizibuza ukuthi kungani, ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin, ingabe izinga likashukela wegazi lenyuka uma kufanele lehle? Ngempela, kubonakala sengathi ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakwa kwehomoni, ushukela kufanele wehle, kepha lokhu akwenzeki.
Ezenzweni zokwelapha, amacala anjalo awayona into engajwayelekile, futhi avela kaningi. Futhi izizathu zalesi simo zingaba inombolo enkulu.
Isiguli ngasinye esinomlando wohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esijwayelekile sazi ukuthi singayifaka kanjani imijovo, endaweni lapho umzimba udinga ukuphathisa khona i-hormone, nokunye. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bayayishaya indiva imithetho nezincomo, eziholela ekungasebenzi kahle kokulashwa kwe-insulin.
Cabanga ngezimbangela ezivame kakhulu eziholela ekwelashweni kwe-insulin engasebenzi:
- Umthamo ongalungile we-hormone.
- Isiguli asilondolozi ukulinganisela phakathi kokudla kanye nokuphathwa kwama-hormone.
- Umuthi awugcinwanga kahle.
- Izinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin zixubene isirinji eyodwa.
- Ukwephulwa kwendlela yokusebenzisa i-hormone.
- Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwe-insulin, umjovo we-topical ongalungile.
- Izimpawu endaweni yokujova.
- Ngokwazisa kwalo muthi, isiguli sisula indawo ngotshwala.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma welapha indawo yomjovo wesikhathi esizayo wengxenye yotshwala, lapho-ke ukusebenza kahle komjovo kwehliswa ngo-10%.
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva komjovo, isiguli sisusa inaliti masinyane, yize ngokwemithetho, kunconywa ukulinda imizuzwana eyi-10 ukuze umuthi ungavuthi.
Lapho imijovo ihlatshwa njalo endaweni efanayo, khona-ke kufakwa uphawu lwezimpawu kule ndawo, ngokulandelana, umuthi udonswa kuwo emzimbeni womuntu kancane kancane kunokufuneka.
Kunconywa umuthi ongaphandle ukuthi ugcinwe esiqandisini. Uma isiguli sidinga ukuxuba izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hormone ngomjovo, khona-ke kufanele wazi ukuthi imaphi ama-insulin angahlanganiswa ndawonye futhi angekhe.
Uma isizathu sikhona kumthamo, futhi isiguli siqinisekile ukuthi silandela zonke izincomo, khona-ke udinga ukubona udokotela ukuze abukeze umthamo womuthi.
Awukwazi ukulungisa umthamo ngokwakho, ngoba lokhu kugcwele ushukela oshukela wegazi.
Izinkinga
Ukwanda okuphakeme kokuhlushwa ushukela emzimbeni kuholela ekuthuthukisweni komqondo wesifo sikashukela, obonakala ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-Reflexes. Isimo esinjalo se-pathological singakhula kumuntu phakathi nosuku.
Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ezithile zalesi simo, kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa kuphela kuyunithi yokunakekela kakhulu, futhi ngeke kusebenze ngokwako.
Izimpawu eziphambili: ketoacidosis, kunephunga le-acetone elisuka emgodini womlomo, isikhumba sobuso siba bomvu ogcwele, ithoni yemisipha iyancipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuphefumula.
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.
- Ukushaywa kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha.
- Ukuphefumula okungasho lutho futhi kuyabonakala.
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyancipha (kuyaqabukela).
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezimpawu zomtholampilo ezingenhla, amazinga kashukela wegazi akhula ngokuqinile, aze afike kumanani amahle kakhulu.
Singasho ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-glucose ezikhungweni ezingaba ngu-17 kuyingozi kashukela, egcwele imiphumela emibi eminingana. Imvamisa, ibonwa ngasohlangothini lohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, uhlelo lwenhliziyo nolwelwesihlunu.
Iziguli zithuthukisa i-hypertension kanye nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela. I-leg gangrene nayo ingaqala ukukhula kwisifo sikashukela, i-angiopathy, nephropathy, nezinye izinkinga. Futhi lezi zingqinamba azelapheki, azinakuguqulwa.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela ngokwaso - lokhu akusethusi, okubi kakhulu - lezi yizinkinga ezingumphumela walesi sifo, futhi ngobuningi bamacala, zibonakaliswa ngokungenakuphikwa.
Kungakho kudingekile ukulawula isifo sakho, udle ngokufanele, udlale imidlalo, ulandele zonke izincomo zikadokotela ukuze uvikele amaconsi kashukela, futhi uphile impilo ephelele.
Yiziphi izingqinamba ezigcwele ushukela wegazi ophakeme ezizotshela ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
